Gallbladder cancer is a disease associated with high mortality. Improvement of early diagnosis is of great significance to prolong the survival. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include gallstones, cholelithiasis, anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, focal mucosal microcalcifications, and et al.Advances in endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram and helical computed tomography have enhanced preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. Understanding the characteristics of gallbladder cancer with the help of multiple imaging modalities can facilitate accurate diagnosis and may also help in sorting patients to undergo extended resection or an alternative therapy. Resection is currently the most effective and only potentially curative treatment for gallbladder cancer.However, owing to its non-specific symptoms, gallbladder cancer patients often suffer from late diagnosis, and few patients are suitable for surgery. Other treatment strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, percutaneous biliary drainage, palliative surgery are used in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.For jaundiced gallbladder cancer patients, preoperative biliary drainage is still under debate. Since biliary inflammation adversely affects the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients,antibiotics with high concentration in bile is recommended for selected patients. Palliative treatment and molecular target therapy are promising for patients with inoperable gallbladder cancer.

Complicated bile duct injury greatly affects quality of patients' life and even threatens their life safety because it is difficult to be recognized and reconstructed,also with the poor surgical effect.Regarding to the surgical timing of complicated bile duct injury,it still have a big controversy.Here we would discuss the timing of surgeries for bile duct injury.We consider that it should be reconstructed when it is recognized during operation,even converted to laparotomy for laparoscopic surgeries.About postoperative cases,we think that it should be operated to explore damage range and reconstruct for those cases found within 48 hours and without obvious infection.However,reconstruction should be performed after 6 weeks for those found after 48 hours or with biliary duct infection.

Effects of melatonin ( MT ) and supernatants from cultured pineal glands stimulated by 10 ?mol/L isoproterenol (ISO) for 0, 30, 60, 120 min on interleukin I ( IL-1 ) production by peritoneal macrophage ( PM? ) in rats were studied. Theses results showed that LPS-induced IL-1 production by PM? was enhanced by in vitro treatment with MT (0.1~1 ?mol/L ) , but IL-1 production was not influenced by MT without LPS. LPS-induced IL-1 production by PM? was enhanced in various degree by the supernatants, action of supernatants for 60min was best. The data is suggested that LPS-activated M?s may be one of target cells for MT.

Effects of supernatants from cultured rat pineal glands on ConA and LPS induced proliferative responses of splenocytes in mice, ConA induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production of splenocytes in rats were studied. These results showed that ConA and LPS induced proliferative responses of splenocytes were enhanced by supernatants from cultured rat pineal glands stimulated with 10 ?mol/L isoproterenol (ISO) for 60 min (Dilution. 1 : 45 ) , ConA induced IL-2 production of splenocytes in rats was also enhanced by the supernatants (Dilution: 1 : 135 ) .

Effects of melatonin ( MT) on Con A or LPS-induced prolifera-tive responses of splenocytes in mice and Con A induced interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) production of splenocytes in rats were studied. The results showed that Con A and LPS induced proliferative responses of splenocytes were enhanced by in vitro treatment with MT (0.01~1?mol/L and 0.01~10?mol/L, reinduced-pectively ) . ConA IL-2 production of splenocytes were also enhanced by in vitro treatment with MT (1~10?mol/L), but MT has no effects oa above functions of splenocytes without activating by ConA or LPS. These data suggested that mitogen activated lymphocytes might be one of the target cells for MT.

An automatic urine monitoring system is presented to replace manual operation. The system is composed of the flow sensor, MSP430f149 single chip microcomputer, human-computer interaction module, LCD module, clock module and memory module. The signal of urine volume is captured when the urine flows through the flow sensor and then displayed on the LCD after data processing. The experiment results suggest that the design of the monitor provides a high stability, accurate measurement and good real-time, and meets the demand of the clinical application.
Autoanalysis ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Urination

Humans ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; therapy

Objective To explore the protection of the facial-acoustic nerve during microsurgery for acoustic neuroma via the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Methods The clinical data of 25 cases with acoustic neurinoma treated by the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach were retrospectively analyzed. Results Total removal was achieved in 22 patients and subtotal in 3 patients. 20 with Cochlear nerve anatomic preservation at 2 weeks after surgery and 3 patients with effective hearing and 13 patients lost effective hearing but retained measurable hearing and 9 patients completely lost hearing( the New Hannover Classification V grade). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 18,H-B Grade I ～ IV in 15,Grade V ～ VI in 10. There were not cerebrospinal fluid leakage, intracranial infection and death in all cases. Conclusion When operating,the relation between the tumor and the important structure surrounding could should be understood fully. Then removed the tumor piece by piece with microsurgical techniques. That the effective way to keep the facial nerve and its function being protected,and could improve the prognosis of the operation.

Objective To study the reasonable treatment to the patients with raptured intracranial aneurysms of hunt-hess Ⅲ-IV grade in the cerebral vasospasm stage. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms of hunt-hess Ⅲ-IV grade were analyzed retrospectively. All of the patients were clipped closed by microsurgery (36) or embolized intervention(44) in 3～18 days after disease. According to the time of surgical intervention after disease,they were divided into 42 patients with early(3～10 days) surgical group and 38 patients with advanced(11～18 days) surgical group. The different operative methods and different treatment periods were compared in order to evaluate the effect to the prognosis, the DIND incidence and the ruptured again aneurysms during operation incidence. Results There was no statistical significance in the effect about early or advanced surgical intervention to the prognosis, the DIND incidence and the ruptured again aneurysms during operation incidence (P > 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the effect about advanced interventional embolization or clipping closed by microsurgery to the prognosis,the DIND incidence and the ruptured again aneurysms during operation incidence(P > 0. 05). There was statistical significance in the effect about early interventional embolization or clipping closed by microsurgery to the prognosis,the DIND incidence and the ruptured again aneurysms during operation incidence(P< 0.05). The interventional embolization had better prognosis,more lower DIND incidence and more lower ruptured a-gain aneurysms during operation incidence than the clipping closed by microsurgery. Conclusion The patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms of hunt-hess Ⅲ-IV grade in the cerebral vasospasm stage should be earlier intervened surgically,then it seems that interventional embolization is more reasonable which is worth referencing in clinic. The good operation habits during operation and the effectively strengthening management after operation had positive significance to ensure operative effect and to improve prognosis.

Objective To study the possible reasons and the processing strategy of brain injury operation complicated with intracranial hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data about 22 patients who were digged skull operation because of brain injury and complicated with intracranial hemorrhage in operation in neurosurgery from 2007 June to 2008 February were retrospectively analyzed,and different types intracranial hemorrhage were classified.Results In 22 patients,12 patients were complicated with epidural hematoma,in which the patients (9/12,75.0%) complicated with opposite hematoma were common;5 patients were complicated with intracerebral hematoma,in which the patients (3/5,60%) complicated with ipsilateral hematoma were common;4 patients were complicated with acute subdural hematoma,and all the patients complicated with opposite hematoma;1 patient was complicated with sub-flap hematoma.Conclusions In the patients who are complicated with intracranial hemorrhage because of digging skull operation to brain injury,epidural hematoma are most,then intracerebral hematoma,subdural hematoma,sub-flap hematoma.The important measures of preventing secondary intracranial hemorrhage are definiting force mechanism and distinguishing fracture line before operation,gradiently decompressing,completely removing crushing brain tissue,protecting reflux veins,rigorously stopping bleeding during operation.