BackgroundIt is important to measure the corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length accurately for calculating IOL power. The interchange outcomes from different measuring methods and apparatus will cause unreliable IOL power. ObjectiveThe present study was to compare the differences of corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD) measured by IOLMaster and Orbscan Ⅱbefore and after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) and further compare the axial length measured by IOLMaster and A-ultrasound. Methods One hundred and thirty eyes from 65 consecutive myopic patients before LASIK and 56 eyes of 28 cases with 1-month follow-up duration after LASIK in Henan Eye Institute were enrolled in this study. The K value, ACD between IOLMaster and Orbscan Ⅱ as well as results of axial length between IOLMaster and A-ultrasound were compared by using paired t test. The agreements of the measured values among IOLMaster, Orbscan Ⅱ and A-ultrasound were evaluated using Bland-Altman plot. ResultsBefore LASIK,the K value measured by IOLMaster,Orbscan Ⅱ were ( 43.32 ± 1.52 ) D and ( 42.99 ± 1.45 ) D respectively with the difference value of( 0. 33 ±0. 03 ) D, showing a significant difference(t=10. 380,P=0.000) and a positive relation between them(r=0.971,P=0.000). After LASIK,the K value measured by IOLMaster, Orbscan Ⅱwere(39. 02±2. 14) D and ( 38.91 ±2. 04) D with the difference value (0. 12±0. 33 ) D, presenting a significant differences between them (t =2.715, P =0.009). Bland-Altman plots indicated the disagreement in K value and uninterchangeable. Before LASIK, the ACD measured by IOLMaster,Orbscan Ⅱ and A-ultrasound were ( 3.72 ± 0. 22 ) mm, ( 3.69 ±0. 22 ) mm and ( 3.75± 0.27 )mm respectively and no significant differences were found between them (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Axial length measured by IOLMaster significantly prolonged in comparison with A-ultrasound(25.59± 1. 01 mm vs 25.22±0.99 mm ) , and the difference was( -0. 37 ±0. 30 ) mm, showing significant difference ( t =- 14. 098, P =0. 000 ) and positive correlation ( r =0. 954, P =0. 000 ). Axial length values measured by IOLMaster were ( 25.54 ± 1.05 ) mm in preoperation and ( 25.48 ± 1.01 ) mm in postoperation with the difference (0.052±0. 412)mm, showing statistically insignificant difference between them (t=0. 946,P=0. 348). ConclusionsKeratometries measured by IOLMaster,Orbscan Ⅱ are much more different. Therefore,these two methods are not recommended to use interchangely. ACD measured by IOLMaster,Orbscan Ⅱ and A ultrasound are proved to obtain the similar results and is clinically interchange. Axial length measured by IOLMaster is longer than that measured by A-ultrasound.

OBJECTIVETo prepare a new dosage formulation of activated carbon nanoparticles adsorbing mitomycin C (MMC-ACNP) and evaluate the beneficial effects of intraperitoneally applied MMC-ACNP as a drug delivery system for lymphatic targeting in preventing metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer.

METHODSMMC-ACNP was prepared. Acute toxicity after its intraperitoneal administration was evaluated. An experiment on nude mice model with transplanted human gastric cancer in 6 groups was completed to assess the effects of drugs on intra-abdominal carcinomatosis.

RESULTSThe LD50 of MMC-ACNP was 46.80 mg/kg (in terms of MMC) while that of MMC aqueous solution was 9.33 mg/kg. The toxicity of MMC-ACNP was much less than that of the solution form. MMC-ACNP was superior to MMC aqueous solution in controlling carcinomatosis and tumor growth by intraperitoneal administration. Despite the high dose of MMC, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were not observed in the MMC-ACNP treated group. Fine activated carbon particles adsorbing MMC entered the nuclei of tumor cells, so that the effects of the anticancer drug were reinforced.

CONCLUSIONMMC-ACNP gives a good promise of clinical use due to its advantages such as high selectivity and low toxicity.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Charcoal ; administration & dosage ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo estimate the size of female sex workers and clients in Taizhou city.

METHODSA household survey using network scale-up method (NSUM) was conducted among the 3000 community residents in Taizhou city from August to October in 2011, which aimed to estimate the social network size (c value) of Taizhou residents, and the c value was adjusted by demographic characteristics, back estimation and outlier elimination. Using the adjusted c value, the number of acquaintance of female sex workers or clients and the respect level toward female sex workers or clients were used to estimate the size of female sex workers and clients.

RESULTSA total of 2783 valid questionnaires were collected, among which 1380 (49.6%) were collected from Taixing city, 1403 (50.4%) were collected from Jingjiang city. 1334 respondents were male (47.9%) and 1449 (47.9%) respondents were female. The mean age was (39.4 ± 10.7) years. The average personal social network size using original data for Taizhou residents was 525, which differed from place, sex, age, educational level and marriage status. Using the remaining known populations through back estimation, the social network size was 419 and became 424 after the elimination of outliers. The estimated population size for female sex worker was 6370 (95%CI: 5886 - 6853), which accounted for 0.52% (6370/1 229 980) of the total number of female aged from 15 to 49. The estimated population size for clients was 15 202 (95%CI: 14 560 - 15 847), which accounted for 1.28% (15 202/1 190 340) of the total number of males aged from 15 to 49 and the ration of clients to female sex worker was 2.39:1.

CONCLUSIONNSUM is an easy and quick way to estimate the size of female sex workers or clients, but the estimated sizes are subject to bias and error due to estimate effect and sample representativeness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Work ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Workers ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze characteristics of different hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and to discuss the clinical difference between southern and northern Chinese patients with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) responsive phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency.

METHODS(1)BH4 (20 mg/kg) loading test was performed in all 108 HPA patients. These patients, 63 males and 45 females, were at a mean age of 7.05 months. A combined phenylalanine (Phe) and BH4 loading test was carried out in the patients who had a basic blood Phe concentration less than 600 micromol/L. The urine pterine profile analysis and the dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) activity in dry blood filter spot were analyzed simultaneously. (2)BH4 responsive patients were divided to southern and northern groups by their parent's native place and geographic boundary determined by Changjiang River. The change of Phe concentration after BH4 loading test was compared between the two groups.

RESULTS(1)Among the 108 HPA cases, 36 patients (33.3%) were BH4 responsive PAH deficiency, 49 (45.4%) were non-BH4 no responsive phenylketonuria (PKU)and 23(21.3%)were BH4 deficiency (BH4D). The Phe concentration of patients with BH4 responsive PAH deficiency decreased by 49.24% and 65.35% at 8 h and 24 h after oral BH4, 23 in southern group and 13 in northern group among 36 patients. (2)The mean Phe concentration at 24 h after loading test in southern and northern groups were (217.02+/-189.03) micromol/L and 458.75+/-342.54 micromol/L respectively (P<0.05), although the decrease percent of plasma Phe concentration at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h was no distinct difference between southern and northern groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMost of mild and moderate HPA patients affected by PAH deficiency show plasma Phe concentration decrease >30% in 24 h after oral BH4 20 mg/kg, few are classic PKU. The responsiveness to BH4 is no difference between southern and northern Chinese patients with BH4 responsive PAH deficiency according to the decrease percent of plasma Phe concentration, although the Phe concentration is lower in southern patients than that in northern patients.

Biopterin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Dihydropteridine Reductase ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Phenylalanine ; blood ; Phenylketonurias ; blood ; drug therapy ; Time Factors

To investigate the possible mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis in leukemia cell line HL-60, HL-60 cells in vitro were incubated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the in situ cell apoptosis quantitatively was assayed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), the cell cycle DNA and proteins expression of Bcl-2, Bax, mitochondrial membrane protein (APO2.7) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that SNP induced HL-60 cell apoptosis in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. After exposure to SNP at the concentration of 1.0 mmol/L for 48 hours, the percentage of apoptosis HL-60 was (42.2 +/- 3.5)% for subG1 and (52.5 +/- 7.6)% for TUNEL respectively, and they are significantly higher than those in control and potassium ferricyanide (PFC) groups as same concentration. During the apoptosis process, it showed a decrease of Bcl-2 protein and an increase of Bax protein and mitochondrial membrane protein in HL-60 cell, proteins of Bcl-2, Bax and mitochondrial membrane were expressed in a dosage- and time-dependent manner too. In conclusion, during the process of SNP induced apoptosis in HL-60 cell, the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein was increased, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may be important regulators.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; analysis ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; analysis ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; pharmacology ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

Objective To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the region of Guangxi.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 15774 individuals from the Outpatient and inpatient Unit as well as Physical Examination Departments of the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between May 2010 and March 2017.Exfoliated c ellsor swab specimens were collected,and the genotypes of HPV were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and reverse blot assay.Results The prevalence of HPV infection was 38.54％ (6080/15774).The infection rate of single genotype and multiple genotypes were 25.60％ (4038/15774) and 12.95％ (2042/15774),respectively.In single infection patterns,the most common genotypes included HPV 6 (10.54％,1663/15774),52 (3.91％,616/ 15774),16 (2.16％,340/15774),11 (2.14％,338/15774),and 58 (2.00％,316/15774).While among the multiple infections patterns,HPV 52+53 (4.26％,87/2042) and 52+58 (3.23％,66/ 2042) were common,and followed by HPV 16+43 (2.40％,49/2042),16+52(2.30％,47/2042),6+42 (2.15％,44/2042) and 6+43 (2.15％,45/2042).HPV 52,16,58,51,53 and 18 were the top six high risk (HR) genotypes of HPV,accounting for 26.77％ (4222/15774,95％ CI =26.08-27.46);while HPV 6,11 and 43 were the leading low-risk (LR) genotypes of HPV,accounting for 27.77％ (4380/15774,95％CI =27.07-28.47).The overall ratio of single infection to multiple infections was 1.98 (4038 vs.2042).Conclusion HPV 6,52,16,11,58,18 were the main HPV infection genotypes,and 52+53 and 52+58 were common infection combinations in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region.The HPV multiple infections were increased.Apparently,more HPV low risk genotypes were seen in male patients that should be aware.

Objective To study the electric shock protection requirements of in vitro diagnostic equipment and to help manufacturers understand the relevant requirements in order to design products reasonably. Methods The requirements of IEC 61010-1:2010 were analyzed, the electric shock protection measures were explored, and the principles for protecting ground impedance against electric shock were described. An example was taken to study the electric shock protection measures for the sampling needle of the automatic bio-chemical analyzer, so that the existence of electric shock hazard could be determined. Results The sampling needle proved its rationality in structure design by avoiding the risk for being electriferous in case of failed basic insulation, although the requirements for protective earthing, double insulation or reinforced insulation were not met efficiently. Conclusion The requirements for electric shock protection can be determined based on comprehensive understanding of the standard, determination of electriferous components of the equipment as well as analysis on electric shock protection measures.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the phenotypic and functional characteristics of human adrenal microvascular endothelial cells (AdrEC).

METHODSAdrEC were isolated and purified from a sample of human adrenal tissue by sub-cell clone method. The cells identified by flow cytometry for classical endothelial markers von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CD31, uptake of Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL), as well as phenotypes. The cell fenestrations were checked by scanning electron microscopy. The expressions of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. The glucocorticoid-induced cytotoxicities in different organs-derived microvascular endothelial cells were compared.

RESULTSHuman AdrEC expressed those classical endothelial markers such as vWF, CD31, and uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL. The phenotypic analysis indicated that alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor receptor p55, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were expressed in human AdrEC. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that there were many microvilli and fenestrations on cellular surface. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry showed that there was expression of endogenous VEGF in AdrEC. In response to glucocorticoid-induced cytotoxicity, microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) derived from human brain were highly susceptible, MVEC derived from human lung and human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells were sub-sensitive, while AdrEC were highly resistant.

CONCLUSIONHuman AdrEC are specially differentiated and have characteristics that are different from other organ-derived MVEC in phenotypes and functions.

Adrenal Glands ; blood supply ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; genetics

This study is to explore the mechanism and effect of N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyl)-3, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazine-1, 4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) on proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro and on A549 xenograft tumor in nude mice. With different concentrations of ZGDHu-1 at different times were used to treat A549 cells in vitro. The proliferation was determined by living cell count, SRB assay and Brdu-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was determined by cell morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content, Annexin V/PI and Hoechst 33258 labeling method. The nude mice model of A549 xenograft tumor was established by subcutaneous inoculation. The suppression activity of ZGDHu-1 by intraperitoneal injection on xenograft mice model was detected. The expressions of bcl-2, bax and p53 gene and protein were analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. ZGDHu-1 can inhibit A549 cell proliferation viability within a certain range of treating time and does, and a majority of A549 cells were arrested in G2-M phase. The A549 cells apoptosis was confirmed by typical cell morphology, DNA fragment, Sub G1 phase, Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI labeling method with a time and dose related manner. When the xenograft tumor mice model were treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg x kg(-1) ZGDHu-1 for 14 days, the tumor growth inhibition rate were 43.7%, 56.9% and 60.0%, respectively. The expression of bax, bax/bcl-2 and p53 gene and protein increased significantly and bcl-2 decreased slightly by the treatment of ZGDHu-1. ZGDHu-1 can significantly suppress the growth of A549 xenograft tumor in vivo and inhibited proliferation by inducing tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The mechanism may associate with its up-regulation of bax and p53 during the apoptosis process.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To investigate functional connectivity between the two hemispheres in patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity ( VMHC ) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods Eighteen patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls underwent the rs-fMRI. The whole brain VMHC was calculated in order to provide imaging basis for the study of the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia. Results Compared to the controls, VMHC values were decreased in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (t=-5.31, P<0.01), fusiform gyrus (t=-5.16, P<0.01), middle occipital gyrus (t=-5.31, P<0.01) in patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Conclusion The functional coordination between homotopic brain regions is impaired in patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia .