Objective To investigate the optimal mild hypothermia course and cerebral temperature of the neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Methods The posthypoxic-ischemic rats of experimental group (n=60) were placed in the glass jars immeresd in water bath held constaut at either 29 C or 3l C for 24h, 48h or 72h. While the rats of room temperature group (n=22) were stayed in room air. Blood glucose, blood gases and neuropathology findings were studied to determine the therapeutic effects. Results The brain temperature droped 3C or 5C when enviro ment temperature was 31C or 29C respectively. The blood glucose remained normal. Neuropathology findings reveled that the brain damage of experimental rats reduced 46%～86% compared to the room temperature group. Conclusion Reducing the cerebral temperature by 4～5 C for 72 hours after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury can lead to superior protective effect.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of the depths of detecting arteries vessel in transcranial dopplor(TCD) and child head circumference.Methods Five hundreds and eighty-eight health children were selected at random for the study. TCD ultrasonography was used to detect the optimal depths of arteries, middle and anterior and posterior cerebral arteries for each child, together with the head circumference.Results The data showed that the depths of detecting cerebral arteries significantly changed in different age groups, probably due to the growth of the head circumference.Conclusion There was close relationship between the depths of detecting cerebral arteries and child head circumference, which is of clinical significance.

Objective By making models of premature animal,explores the effects of dexamethasone on the brain development of premature rats and its mechanisms.Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into high-dexamethasone(H-Dex) group,low-dexamethasone (L-Dex) group and normal saline(NS) control group,with 6 rats in each group.The pregnant rats in L-Dex group were injected with dexamethasone [0.1 mg/(kg·d)] from 16 to 18 days of pregnancy,while the pregnant rats in H-Dex group were injected with dexamethasone [0.5 mg/(kg· d)] ; the pregnant rats in NS control group were injected with 0.9％ NaCl of the same volume.All of the fetal rats were received after administrating caesarean operation on the day 19 of pregnancy.Rats were sacrificed at the directed time and brain tissue was prepared.Histological feature and the water content of the brains were observed.Level of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.The expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP) and interleukin(IL)-1β in brain tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Results (1) The brain water contents of rats in H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (85.94 ± 0.54) ％,(86.08 ± 1.01) ％,(86.94 ± 0.82) ％.Compared with NS control group,the water contents of Dex group were lower (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Glial cells of brain cortex in L-Dex group and H-Dex group were more mature than in NS control group,and the changes in H-Dex group was more significant.(3) The expressions of MBP in brain tissue of H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (5.73 ± 1.06) μg/mg,(5.46 ±0.77) μg/mg and (2.42 ±0.52) μg/mg.Compared with NS control group,Dex group was higher(P ＜0.05).While the expressions of IL-1β in brain tissue of H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (249.05 ± 11.29) pg/g,(257.47 ± 9.33) and (292.66 ± 21.51) pg/g.Compared with NS control group,Dex group was lower(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between H-Dex group and L-Dex group(P ＞ 0.05).(4) The level of apoptosis in H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (18.07 ± 1.63) ％,(6.88 ± 0.47) ％ and (2.00 ± 0.32) ％.Compared with NS control group,the level of apoptosis in Dex group was higher(P ＜0.05),and H-Dex group was higher than that in L-Dex group.Conclusion (1) Using dexamethasone prophylactic could promote the development of glial cells,reduce the water content,increase the expressions of MBP,and decrease the expressions of IL-1β in brain tissues.It indicates that dexamethasone may play a major role in maturation of fetal brain.(2) Using dexamethasone prophylactic could increase the amounts of the apoptosis cells,and this effect is dose-dependent.It indicates that dexamethasone may have a negative effect on the fetal brain and suggestes that using dexamethasone in premature infant should be cautious,and if it has to,using a lower dose.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx ; pathology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To study the protective role of pre-resolving mediator lipoxin A4(LXA4) in the NA+ -K+-ATPase in alveolar type Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ ) epithelial cells of rats exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Method The AT Ⅱ cells were isolated and purified, and divided randomly into control group (PBS), vehiculum (alcohol 0.7 μL/mL) group, LPS (1 μg/mL) group, LXA4(1/10 mol/mL) group and LPS (1 μg/mL LPS) + LXA4(1/10 mol/mL) group. After exposure to LPS and/or LXA4 for4 hours, NA+-K+ -ATPase and β1-subunits mRNA in AT Ⅱ epithelial cells were detected by using RT-PCR, and ATP, ADP, AMP, total adenine nucleotides (TAN) and energy charge (EC) were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase were calculated accordingly. Results The NA+-K+-ATPase α-subunit and β-subunit mRNA were significantly decreased in LPS group ( P ＜ 0.05 vs. control group). However, the expressions of NA+ -K+-ATPase mRNA were significantly enhanced by application of LXA4 to AT Ⅱ epithelial cells exposed to LPS (P ＜0.05 vs. LPS group). The activities of NA+ -K+ -ATPase were enhanced in LPS group (P ＜0.05 vs. control group). Compared with control group and LPS group, the activities of NA+-K+-ATpase in LPS + LXA4 group were significantly increased (P ＜0.01 vs. control group; P ＜0.05 vs. LPS group). The EC of AT Ⅱ epithelial cells were higher in LPS group ( P ＜ 0.01 vs. control group). There were no significant differences in EC between control group and LPS + LXA4group(P ＞0.05). Conclusions The pro-resolving mediator LXA4 can enhance the expressions of NA + -K + -ATPase α-subunit and β-subunit mRNA, and the activities of NA + -K + -ATPase in AT Ⅱ epithelial cells or rats exposed to LPS, and ca also balance the metabolism of AT Ⅱ epithelial cells. These findings suggest that LXA4 plays an important role in lung edema clearance in lung injury induced by endotoxin, and the role is likely associated with the enhancement of the expressions of Na+ -K+ -AT-Pase α-subunit and β-subunit, and the activities of Na+ -K* -ATPase, maintaining the balance of metabolism of AT Ⅱ epithelial cells.

SUMMARY Objective:To investigate the influence of cryoprotectants and cooling rates in vitrificationmethod on the spindles of rabbit M Ⅱ oocytes.Methods:Rabbit oocytes were verified by using cryoloopwith ethylene glycol(EG)singly or EG combined with dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO)as cryoprotectants,and cooled by taking oocytes directly into liquid nitrogen or by vitrification machine.After frozen rabbit o-ocytes thawed,the microtubulin and chromosome of the spindles were fixation and stained by immunofluo-rescent method.Confocal microscope was used to reveal spindle configuration.Results:In the two proto-cols of single EG used and EG combined with DMSO,the spindles were severely injured.But in protocolof EG combined with DMSO and at ultra-rapid cooling rate,the normal configuration of spindle rate ofthawed rabbit oobytes was similar to that of the control group.Conclusion:The protocol of EG combinedwith DMSO as cryoprotectants and with extremely high cooling rate by vitrification machine can producethe best effect on conservation of spindle configuration in vitrification of rabbit oocytes.

The interaction between Gliotoxin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by the fluo-rescence, Circular Dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) techniques. The fluorescent experiment showed that the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA was quenched by the binding of gliotoxin in a static quenching procedure, with an association constant of 7.2?103 L/mol and in hydropobic forces. And the CD spectrum revealed that gliotoxin effected the conformation of BSA by increased the mass of ?-helix.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combined treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog(GnRHa)and recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)on predicted adult height(PAH)in girls with central precocious puberty(CPP).Methods Fifteen girls with CPP,whose growth velocity during GnRHa treatment had been less than 4 cm/year,were given additional rhGH treatment at a dose of 1 U?kg~(-1)?w~(-1),sc, for 4-13 months.Comparisons of growth velocity,height SDS for bone age(HtSDS_(BA))and PAH were performed before and after the combined treatment.Results During rhGH combined with GnRHa therapy,growth velocity increased significantly[(7.4?1.7)cm/year vs (3.2?0.7)cm/year baseline,P＜0.01].In 7 girls treated with rhGH and GnRHa for more than 9 months,growth velocity in the second 6 months[(6.5?1.0)cm/year]was slightly lower than that in the first 6 months[(8.8?1.1)cm/year],being both faster than that of baseline [(3.2?0.8)cm/year].There was a significant increase in rhGH-duration corrected change of HtSDS_(BA) [(0.35?0.15)/6 month vs (0.12?0.18 )/6 month baseline,P＜0.01]and PAH[(3.2_+1.4)cm/ 6 month vs (1.4?1.1)cm/6 month baseline,P＜0.01].Conclusion In girls with CPP showing a marked decrease in growth velocity during GnRHa treatment,the combined rhGH and GnRHa treatment remarkably improves growth velocity and PAH.

Background Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can effectively eliminate central vein occlusion macular edema and improve visual acuity, and photopic negative response (PhNR) can reflect the inner retinal function of RGCs and their axons. It is possible there is a correlation between these two observations.Objective This study was to evaluate the changes of PhNR of flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) after intravitreal injection of TA for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO ). Methods Thirteen eyes of 12 patients with macular edema caused by CRVO received an injection of 0. 1 ml (4 rg) of TA. PhNR,visual acuity and retinal thickness of macular area were assessed with Roland RETI scan 3. 15 system,decimal visual chart and Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 4 weeks after the administration of TA. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical procedure. Results Visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes and stable in 1 eye 4 weeks following the intravitreal injection of TA. OCT showed that the retinal thickness of the macular area was reduced ;meanwhile,elevation of the amplitude of PhNR also was seen in the F-ERG after the administration of TA in comparison with before the administration of TA. The calculated results determined that the visual acuities were 0. 32t0. 12 and 0. 48±0. 09 (t=6. 325 ,P=0. 000) ,and the retinal thickness values of the macular area were (459.46± 131.31 ) μm and ( 297.54 ±43.31 ) μm ( t = 5.961, P = 0. 000 ), and the average amplitude of PhNR were ( 80. 23±22.96 ) μV and (61.28 ±20. 16 ) μV ( t = 4. 438, P = 0. 001 ) before and after the intravitreal injection of TA, respectively,showing significant differences. No significant correlation was found between PhNR amplitude and retinal thickness of the macular area both before and after the administration of TA ( before: r = 0. 587, P = 0. 035; after:r=-0. 011 ,P = 0. 971 ). Conclusion PhNR can be used for evaluating the status of inner retina after intravitreal injection of TA for macular edema of CRVO.

During the process of growth, harvesting, transportation, processing and storage, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) can be easily contaminated by fungi and their metabolites like mycotoxins, which not only express negative effects on the quality and safety of CHMs and their processed products, but also pose great threats to human health. Now, some chemical synthetic fungicides have been frequently used to control the growth of fungi and accumulation of mycotoxins in the preservation of CHMs. However, the concentration and type of chemical fungicides allowed for postharvest application are restricted due to the disadvantages of their high residual toxicity, long degradation period and pollution to the environment and so on. Therefore, it is critical to research and develop some highly effective, safe and non-toxic, natural, environment-friendly fungistatic agents from plants to prevent CHMs from being contaminated by fungi and mycotoxins. The paper reviews mycotoxins and their harmfulness, the effective compounds of fungistatic plants as well as the antifungal mechanism to provide scientific evidences for developing novel and effective fungistatic agents plants. Then, the application prospect of fungistatic agents from plants in the preservation of CHMs was discussed.
Animals ; Fungi ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mycotoxins ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Preservation, Biological ; methods