Objective To identify the role of autopahgy in the protective mechanism of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number table) divided into five groups (n =8 in each group),namely sham group,model group,cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) group,zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and 6-amino-3-methylpurine (3-MA) group.Partial hepatic I/R model was established by clamping the pedicles of left and median lobes for 1 hour and reopening for 6 hours in rats,and the rats in sham group were only received celiotomp without hepatic I/R.In the CoPP group,CoPP (a HO-1 inducer,5 mg/kg) was administered i.p 24 hours before I/R.In the ZnPP or 3-MA group,besides pretreatment with CoPP,the rats were given ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor,25 mg/kg) or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor,30 mg/kg) i.p 1 hour before I/R.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer.The hepatic pathological scores (PS) were determined under light microscope using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The hepatocyte apoptosis index (AI) was assessed with terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Autophagosomes in liver tissue were counted under electron microscope.The mRNA expressions of HO-1,caspase-3,Beclin-1 and Atg-5 in the liver were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The HO-1 activity was also measured by the generation of bilirubin with the method of double-wave spectrophotometry.Results Compared with the sham group,the level of serum ALT significantly increased in the I/R group (U/L:560.3±73.6 vs.49.1 ± 13.8,P ＜ 0.01),HE staining showed a severe hepatic injury (PS:12.0±2.0 vs.1.3±0.9,P ＜ 0.01),TUNEL staining showed a higher hepatocytes apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 significantly increased [AI:(19.38±3.07)％ vs.(3.25±1.28)％,caspase-3 mRNA (2-△△CT):4.62±0.40 vs.1.05±0.15,both P ＜ 0.01].However,there was no significant difference in the expression of HO-1 and the genes associated with autophagy between the two groups.In the CoPP group,the hepatic injury was blunted compared with that in the I/R group [ALT (U/L):223.3 ± 34.4 vs.560.3 ± 73.6,PS:5.6 ± 2.3 vs.12.0 ± 2.0,AI:(11.38± 2.39)％ vs.(19.38 ± 3.07)％,caspase-3mRNA (2-△△CT):2.42±0.33 vs.4.62±0.40,all P ＜ 0.01].HO-1 was induced in the CoPP group and autophagy was also increased significantly after I/R when compared with those in the I/R group [HO-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):3.01 ±0.71vs.1.14 ± 0.20,HO-1 activity (pmol ·mg-1 · h-1):259 ± 37 vs.113 ± 26,the number of autophagosomes:8.75 ± 0.87 vs.1.25±0.71,Beclin-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.85±0.28 vs.1.15±0.11,Atg-5 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.44±0.25 vs.1.14±0.12,all P ＜ 0.01].In the ZnPP group,the activity of HO-1 was much lower than that in the CoPP group,and as a result autophagy was decreased and liver injury was increased.In the 3-MA group,although there was no difference in the activity of HO-1 compared with that in the CoPP group,autophagy was inhibited,and the protective effect of CoPP was eliminated.Conclusion HO-1 could regulate the level of autophagy during liver I/R,and in turn autophagy might mediate the protective effects of HO-1 against liver I/R injury.

Objective To investigate the cytogenetic toxic effects of copper sulfate on root tip cells of Zea mays L.Methods The root tip cells of Zea mays L were treated by copper sulfate as mutagen at the doses of 0.05,0.10,0.25,0.50,1.00 g /L for 24 hours.The mitotic index,the micronucleus rate and the chromosome aberration rate of tip cells of Zea mays L were measured.Results Compared with the negative control group,the micronucleus rates and the mitotic index in 0.05,0.10,0.25,0.50,1.00 g /L groups and the chromosome aberration rates in 0.05,0.10,0.25,0.50 g /L groups increased significantly(P

Aim To study the single nucleotide poly-morphism ( SNPs ) of AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) ?2 subunit gene PRKAA2 ( rs2051040 and rs17848595) and its relationship with metformin response. Methods A total of 32 patients with type 2 diabetes( T2DM) were enrolled. All patients were required to take metformin for 1 week. The serum levels of FPG,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C were assayed before and after therapy. The gene polymorphism of PRKAA2 was analyzed by PCR-DGGE,the effects of metformin were compared between patients with different phenotypes. Results FPG,TG,TC,LDL-C were significantly improved after therapy in wild genotype carriers( P 0. 05) . Conclusion The results of this study suggest that PRKAA2 polymorphism may be associated with metformin treatment effects in T2DM patients.

To prepare HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G and to produce their antibodies, the full length gene fragment of HIV-1 Vif was amplified by PCR from a plasmid of HIV-1 NL4.3 cDNA, and the APOBEC3G gene was obtained by RT-PCR from the total RNA of H9 cells. The resulting DNA construct was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector (pET-32a). Recombinant pET-vif and pET-APOBEC3G were expressed respectively in Eserichia coli BL21 (DE3) as an insoluble protein. The vector also contained a six-histidine tag at the C-terminus for convenient purification and detection. To express and purify the HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G in E. coli cells, the accuracy of inserted gene and specificity of proteins were detected by the two enzyme digestion method, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting. Rabbits were then immunized by Vif or APOBEC3G protein and serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA to determine the level of antibodies. Immunoenzyme and immunofluorescence assays were performed to identify the specificity of polyclonal antibodies. The titer of the anti-Vif antibodies was 1:204800, and that of the anti-APOBEC3G antibodies was 1:102400. Thus the antibodies could detect the antigen expression in the cells, demonstrating that fusion proteins with high purity and their corresponding polyclonal antibodies with high titer and specificity were achieved.

AIM: To selecte the best process for Kangfuxin Drop Pills. METHODS: With appearance,weight coefficient of variation and dissolution time for index sign,orthogonal design was applied. RESULTS: The results indicated that the excellent factors and levels were as follows: the scale between PEG6000 and drug extraction was four to one,the temperature of drug fluid was at 85 ?C,drip rate was 40 drops/min. CONCLUSION: The method adopted is steady and feasible.

Aim To observe the effects of the ethyl ace-tate extract from Coreopsis tinctoria on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver, kidney function in diabetic rats. Method By high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( streptozoto-cin, STZ ) Type 2 diabetes SD rat model was estab-lished. Model rats were randomly divided into six groups ( control group, model group, three dose groups Coreopsis tinctoria extract:low, middle,high 0. 15 g· kg-1;0. 3 g·kg-1;0. 6 g·kg-1 , positive drug met-formin 0. 16 g · kg-1 group ) . The control group and the model group were given physiological saline and the remaining groups intragastric administration coreofosis tinctoria extrat. Random blood glucose and body weight of rats were measured weekly. After 4 weeks of admin-istration, The rats were killed and rat serum was col-lected to detect serum lipids ( TC/TG/HDL/LDL ) , liver and renal function indicators, serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Result Coreopsis tincto-ria ethyl acetate extract effectively reduced the diabetic rats random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin,serum triglycerides, LDL, total serum protein, serum creati-nine and uric acid levels, and increased serum white protein content in diabetic rats. Conclusion Coreop-sis tinctoria ethyl acetate extract can reduce blood glu-cose and lipid in diabetic SD rats and protect their liver and kidney function.

Adenoidectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery

Objective To explore a safe and high efficiency way of gene transfection of autocrine motility factor(AMF) in order to provide experimental basis for transplantation of myoblasts carrying AMF gone. Methods Sprague Dawley rat myoblasts were cultured, purified, proliferated and immunohisto-chemically verified. Then, the myoblasts were transfected with AMF and eGFP (enhanced green fluores-cent protein) gene by FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus). Fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope were employed to detect eGFP so as to verify positive transfection rate. Expression of AMF was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Myoblasts with 98% purity could he ob-tained after two weeks of primary culture and purification. Positive transfection rate reached 90.4% when MOI (multiplicity of infection) was 100 (P <0.01). The transfected AMF gene could express normally. Conclusions Explant culture is a proper way in rat myoblast culture. Meanwhile, AMF gene can he effectively transfected into rat myoblast and well expressed via FIV.

ObjectiveTo explore the resilience and mental health of recruits during training,and to investigate mutual prediction of resilience between mental health and psychological stress to provide the scientific evidence for the mental health training and psychological selection of recruits.MethodsConnor-Davidson resilience questionnaire ( CD-RISC),symptom checklist ( SCL-90 ),psychological stress self-evaluation test ( PSET),satisfaction with life scale (SWLS),positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) were applied to 650 recruits in 2011 before starting training and after two months of training.Results ① Chinese recruits had good resilience,and the CD scores of pre-and post-test were (61.60 ± 14.36) and (61.41 ± 14.55 ) respectively.②Mental health (SCL-90) of two tests were good in recruits.③ Correlation analysis showed that the same premise of phase correlation,resilience (pre-test) could significantly predict mental health (post-test) ( β =0.070,P ＜ 0.05 ),mental health ( pretest) could not predict resilience (post-test) (β =0.015,P ＞ 0.05 ).Resilience (pre-test) could significantly predict psychological stress (post-test) ( β =0.075,P ＜ 0.05 ),psychological stress (pre-test) could not predict resilience (post-test) (β =0.017,P ＞ 0.05 ).④ Compared with high resilience group,low-resilience group of recruits had higher total score of SCL-90 and psychological stress and less positive emotion,more negative emotion and lower life satisfaction.ConclusionThe recruits training have good resilience.Resilience of recruits have predictive ability to mental health,psychological stress during training.

Objective This paper aims to make clear the post-disaster medical needs of residents in the disaster areas and changes among the poor population, for the purpose of policy recommendations on post-disaster medical assistance. Methods Such methods as in-home questionnaire survey and literature study were used to study the income, prevalence rate and mental health of 4 380 households in 10 counties (cities and districts) in the disaster areas. Results In the hardest hit areas, 80. 4% and 52. 8% of residents in rural and urban areas are dependent on government relief respectively;the proportion of poor population resulting from the disaster rose from 5% before the disaster to over 75% afterwards in the hard-hit areas, while such a population rose to 15% in the hardest-hit areas and about 10% in general disaster areas;It is estimated that the new medical aid funds in Sichuan Province will reach 350 million yuan, two-fold that of the budget for 2009;In the hardest hit areas, the two-week prevalence rate per thousand people is twice that found in the third survey of health services in 2003, characterized of acute respiratory illness and rheumatoid;In the hardest-hit areas, nearly 70% of the residents are exposed to high mental health risks. Conclusion Recommendations: Strengthening the raising and use of medical aid fund;dynamic management for the population in need of post-disaster medical aid;Developing appropriate medical aid packages to fit post-disaster health needs and postdisaster disease characteristics;and consolidating the connection between medical aid and primary medical insurance system.