ObjectiveTo characterize the quality differences among different germplasm and introduced varieties of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots（BSR）， and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a basis for high-quality production and quality control. MethodsWild BSR from Yulin（YLW） served as the quality reference， we conducted comparative analysis among YLW， locally domesticated wild germplasm in Yulin（YLC3）， Daqing germplasm introduced and cultivated in Yulin（YLDQC3）， and locally cultivated germplasm in Daqing（DQC3）. A combination of traditional pharmacognostic methods and modern multi-omics analyses was employed， including macroscopic traits（appearance， odor）， microscopic features（proportions of cork， phloem， xylem）， cell wall component contents（hemicellulose， cellulose， lignin）， carbohydrate contents（starch， water-soluble polysaccharides）， marker compound contents（ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， liposoluble extracts， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D）， metabolomics， and transcriptomics， in order to systematically characterize quality differences and investigate molecular mechanisms among these samples. ResultsMacroscopically， Yulin-produced BSR（YLW， YLC3， YLDQC3） exhibited significantly greater weight， length， and upper and middle diameters than Daqing-produced BSR（DQC3）. Odor-wise， YLW and YLC3 had a a fragrance taste， YLDQC3 had a rancid oil odor， and DQC3 had a sweet and fragrant taste. Microscopically， Yulin germplasm（YLW， YLC3） and Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3， DQC3） shared similar structural features， respectively. However， Yulin germplasm showed significantly higher proportions of cork and phloem， as well as stronger xylem vessel staining intensity compared to Daqing germplasm. Regarding various component contents， Yulin germplasm contained significantly higher levels of ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D， while Daqing germplasm had significantly higher levels of hemicellulose， starch， and liposoluble extracts. After introduction to Yulin， the Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3） showed increased starch， water-soluble polysaccharides and liposoluble extracts contents， decreased cell wall component content， but no significant difference in other component contents. Metabolomics revealed that saponins and terpenes accumulated significantly in Yulin germplasm， while alcohols and aldehydes accumulated predominantly in Daqing germplasm. Transcriptomics indicated similar gene expression patterns within the same germplasm but specificity between different germplasms. Integrative metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis identified 145 potential key genes associated with the saikosaponin biosynthesis pathway， including one acetyl-coenzyme A（CoA） acetyltransferase gene（ACAT）， one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase gene（HMGS）， two hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA（HMG-CoA） reductase genes（HMG）， one phosphomevalonate kinase gene（PMK）， one 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase gene（CLA）， one hydroxymethylbuten-1-aldol synthase gene（HDR）， two farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes（FPPS）， one squalene synthase gene（SQS）， one β-amyrin synthase gene（BAS）， 102 cytochrome P450（CYP450） gene family members， and 32 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase（UGT） gene family members. ConclusionAmong the three cultivated types， YLC3 most closely resembles YLW in appearance， microscopic features， contents of major bioactive constituents， metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. Yulin germplasm exhibits superior saponin synthesis capability compared to Daqing germplasm， and Yulin region is more suitable for the growth of B. scorzonerifolium. Based on these findings， it is recommended that artificial cultivation in northern Shaanxi and similar regions utilize the local Yulin germplasm source cultivated for at least three years.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between immunoglobulin G （IgG）/immunoglobulin M （IgM） ratio and prognosis in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （iuHCC） receiving TTP triple therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE）， tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI）， and programmed cell death protein-1 （PD-1） inhibitors. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 151 iuHCC patients who received TTP triple therapy in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery， Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital， from November 2019 to December 2022， and according to IgG/IgM ratio， they were divided into high IgG/IgM group （IgG/IgM ratio >13.23） and low IgG/IgM group （IgG/IgM ratio ≤13.23）. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for survival analysis， and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the potential influencing factors for overall survival （OS）. ResultsThe 151 patients had a median OS of 26.7 months （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 19.8-not reached） and a median progression-free survival of 12.5 months （95%CI： 10.4 — 15.8）. The objective response rate was 83.4% and the disease control rate was 94.0%. There were no significant differences in baseline data between the high IgG/IgM group and the low IgG/IgM group （all P>0.05）. There was a significant difference in median OS between the high IgG/IgM group and the low IgG/IgM group （20.6 months vs not reached， P=0.016）. In both the high IgG/IgM group and the low IgG/IgM group， salvage hepatectomy was significantly associated with the improvement in OS （χ²=8.297 and 10.307， both P<0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that high IgG/IgM ratio （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.799， 95%CI： 1.077 — 3.006， P=0.025）， baseline alpha-fetoprotein >400 ng/mL （HR=1.762， 95%CI： 1.017 — 3.050， P=0.043）， and BCLC stage （HR=2.265， 95%CI： 1.212 — 4.232， P=0.010） were independent influencing factors for OS. ConclusionHigh IgG/IgM ratio is associated with a poorer prognosis in iuHCC patients receiving TTP triple therapy， and salvage hepatectomy has a potential value in improving the prognosis of patients with a high IgG/IGM ratio.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective: To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample bidirectional MR study was conducted using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 731 immune cell phenotypes and the RAU GWAS summary data from the FinnGen consortium. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis tool, with supplementary analyses including the weighted median (WM) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran’s Q test, the mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method for detecting pleiotropy and outliers, and leave-one-out cross-validation. Furthermore, differential analysis was performed using a clinical cohort dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to further validate the MR results. Results: In the forward MR analysis, 731 immune cell phenotypes were considered as exposures and RAU as the outcome. Among them, 52 immune cell phenotypes showed a significant causal effect on RAU (P<0.05). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, two immune phenotypes remained significantly associated with RAU risk: with increased monocyte-derived myeloid suppressor cells (M-MDSC) (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09) and CD33 on granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09), the risk of RAU also increased. In reverse MR, RAU was found to have a significant causal effect on two immune cell phenotypes (P<0.05), but no significant effects were found after FDR correction. Sensitivity analysis showed no significant heterogeneity between SNPs (P>0.05). Differential analysis of the GEO dataset revealed that the characteristic genes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) (CTBS, IPMK, and UBA3) were significantly upregulated in RAU (P<0.05). Conclusion The MR results of 731 immune cell phenotypes suggest that M-MDSC and CD33 molecules on G-MDSC may be risk factors for RAU development. The clinical GEO dataset further validated that MDSC may play a role in RAU, while RAU did not show a significant causal association with the 731 immune cell phenotypes.

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of Buzhong Yiqitang in attenuating cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells （A549/DDP） by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） via the nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/reactive oxygen species （ROS）/double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R （PKR）-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP） signaling pathway. MethodsSprague Dawley （SD） rats were used to prepare blank serum and Buzhong Yiqitang-containing serum samples， and A549/DDP cells were sub-cultured and randomly allocated into 9 groups： Blank （10% blank rat serum medium）， model （10% blank rat serum medium+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） （10% Buzhong Yiqitang-containing rat serum medium+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， TBHQ （10% blank rat serum medium+5 μmol·L^-1 TBHQ+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， TBHQ+TCM （10% Buzhong Yiqitang-containing rat serum medium+5 μmol·L^-1 TBHQ+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， NAC （10% blank rat serum medium+600 μmol·L^-1 NAC+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， NAC+TCM （10% Buzhong Yiqitang-containing rat serum medium+600 μmol·L^-1 NAC+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， Salubrinal （10% blank rat serum medium+20 μmol·L^-1 Salubrinal+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， and Salubrinal+TCM （10% Buzhong Yiqitang-containing rat serum medium+20 μmol·L^-1 Salubrinal+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）. The median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of cisplatin in each group was determined by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. The ROS level was detected by flow cytometry. The ultrastructure of endoplasmic reticulum （ER） was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of Nrf2， phosphorylated （p）-Nrf2， CHOP， PERK， p-PERK， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α （eIF2α）， p-eIF2α， and activated transcription factor 4 （ATF4）. The fluorescence intensity of CHOP and p-PERK was detected by confocal fluorescence localization. ResultsCompared with the model group， the TCM group showed a decrease in IC₅₀ of cisplatin in A549/DDP cells （P<0.01）. TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal groups showed increases in IC₅₀ of cisplatin in A549/DDP cells （P<0.01）. TCM combined with TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal reduced the IC₅₀ （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the ROS level in the model group elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the ROS level in the TCM group elevated （P<0.01）. The ROS levels in the TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal groups were lower than that in the model group （P<0.01）. The combinations of TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal with TCM raised the ROS levels of A549/DDP cells （P<0.01）. A flat saclike and neatly arranged ER structure was observed in the blank group， and slight expansion of ER was observed in the model group. Significant expansion of ER was observed in the TCM group. The expansion of ER was not obvious in the TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal groups but significant after TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal were combined with TCM. CHOP and p-PERK showed higher fluorescence intensity in the model group than in the blank group （P<0.01）， and the fluorescence signal intensity in the TCM group was higher than that in the model group （P<0.01）. The fluorescence intensity in the TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal groups was lower than that in the model group （P<0.01）. The fluorescence intensity in the groups of TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal combined with TCM was higher than that in corresponding groups without TCM （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 were up-regulated in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the TCM group showed down-regulated expression levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 （P<0.05）. TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal increased the expression levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 （P<0.05）， while their combinations with TCM decreased the expression levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 compared with the corresponding groups without TCM （P<0.01）. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of PERK and eIF2α between groups. The expression levels of CHOP， p-PERK/PERK， p-eIF2α/eIF2α， and ATF4 were up-regulated in the model group compared with those in the blank group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the TCM group showed up-regulated expression levels of CHOP， p-PERK/PERK， p-eIF2α/eIF2α， and ATF4 （P<0.05）， while the TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal groups showed down-regulated expression levels （P<0.05）. The groups of TBHQ， NAC， and Salubrinal combined with TCM had higher expression levels than the groups without TCM （P<0.01）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang regulates ERS via the Nrf2/ROS/PERK/CHOP signaling pathway to attenuate cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of Buzhong Yiqitang in attenuating cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） by inducing ferroptosis via poly（rC）-binding protein 1 （PCBP1）. MethodsThe serum containing Buzhong Yiqitang was prepared and cisplatin-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells （A549/DDP） were cultured and randomly grouped as follows： Blank （10% blank serum）， model （10% blank serum+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， Buzhong Yiqitang （10% serum containing Buzhong Yiqitang+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin）， Fe-1 （10% blank serum+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin+5 μmol·L^-1 Fe-1）， and Buzhong Yiqitang+Fe-1 （10% serum containing Buzhong Yiqitang+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin+5 μmol·L^-1 Fe-1）. Firstly， PCR Array was used to screen ferroptosis-related genes regulated by Buzhong Yiqitang， and PCBP1 was identified as the target for studying the attenuation of cisplatin resistance by Buzhong Yiqitang. Subsequently， the median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of cisplatin in each group was determined by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method and the resistance index （RI） was calculated. The ultrastructure of A549/DDP cells in each group was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein levels of PCBP1 and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） were determined by Western blot. The lipid reactive oxygen species （ROS） content in each group was determined by the C11-BODIRY 581/591 fluorescence probe. The ferrous ion assay kit was used to measure the ferrous ion content in each group. The malondialdehyde （MDA） assay kit was used to determine the MDA content in each group. ResultsCompared with model group， the IC₅₀ of cisplatin and the RI of A549/DDP cells decreased in the Buzhong Yiqitang group （P<0.05） but increased in the Fe-1 group （P<0.05）. The IC₅₀ of cisplatin and the RI of A549/DDP cells in the Buzhong Yiqitang+Fe-1 group were lower than those in the Fe-1 group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Buzhong Yiqitang group showed obvious mitochondrial ferroptosis， while the mitochondrial damage became less obvious after Fe-1 treatment. Compared with that in the Fe-1 group， the mitochondrial ferroptosis was aggravated after the intervention with Buzhong Yiqitang. Compared with blank group， the model group showed down-regulated expression levels of PCBP1 and GPX4 （P<0.05） and increased content of lipid ROS， ferrous ions， and MDA （P<0.05） in A549/DDP cells. Compared with model group， the Buzhong Yiqitang group showed down-regulated expression levels of PCBP1 and GPX4 （P<0.05） and increased content of lipid ROS， ferrous ions， and MDA （P<0.05）， while the Fe-1 group showed up-regulated expression levels of PCBP1 and GPX4 （P<0.05） and reduced content of lipid ROS， ferrous ions， and MDA （P<0.05）. Compared with the Fe-1 group， the Buzhong Yiqitang+Fe-1 group showed down-regulated expression levels of PCBP1 and GPX4 and increased content of lipid ROS， ferrous ions， and MDA （P<0.05）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang attenuated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC by regulating PCBP1 to induce ferroptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Buzhong Yiqitang in attenuating cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by observing the effects of Buzhong Yiqitang on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules in human lung adenocarcinoma cells （A549） and cisplatin-resistant cells in human lung adenocarcinoma cells （A549/DDP） via the nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2（Nrf2）/reactive oxygen species（ROS） pathway. MethodsThe serum containing Buzhong Yiqitang was prepared and A549 cells and A549/DDP cells were cultured. The cells were randomized into groups A （A549 cells+blank serum）， B （A549 cells+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin+blank serum）， C （A549 cells+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin+10% Buzhong Yiqitang-containing serum）， D （A549/DDP cells+blank serum）， E （A549/DDP cells+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin+blank serum）， and F （A549/DDP cells+20 mg·L^-1 cisplatin+10% Buzhong Yiqitang-containing serum）. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to detect the half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of cisplatin. The protein levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 were determined by Western blotting. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to measure the content of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in each group. The protein levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， activated transcription factor 6 （ATF6）， and C/EBP-homologous protein （CHOP） were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with group B， group C showed a reduction in IC₅₀ of cisplatin （P<0.05）， which held true in group E compared with group F （P<0.05）. Moreover， the IC₅₀ of cisplatin to A549/DDP cells was higher than that to A549 cells before and after Buzhong Yiqitang intervention （P<0.05）. Compared with group A， group B showed up-regulated protein levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 （P<0.05）. Compared with group B， group C showed down-regulated protein levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 （P<0.05）. Compared with group D， group E showed up-regulated protein levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 （P<0.05）， which， however， were significantly down-regulated in group F （P<0.05）. The ROS content and the protein levels of GRP78， ATF6， and CHOP followed a descending trend of group C > group B > group A in A549 cells and group F > group E > group D in A549/DDP cells （P<0.05）. Moreover， the ROS content and the protein levels of GRP78， ATF6， and CHOP in A549 cells were higher than those in A549/DDP cells before and after Buzhong Yiqitang intervention （P<0.05）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang may regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Nrf2/ROS pathway to attenuate cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

In the process of tumor chemotherapy， the emergence of multi-drug resistance （MDR） has always been a thorny problem， which is a result of the joint action of the host， tumor cells， and the immune microenvironment. Tumor cells can escape the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs through multiple pathways， being easy to produce drug resistance. MDR greatly restricts the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumor cells and affects their therapeutic effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the unique advantages of multi-target， multi-pathway and individualized treatment. The TCM treatment of tumors emphasizes regulating Yin and Yang， as well as reinforcing healthy Qi and dispelling pathogen. In recent years， TCM has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of tumors and the amelioration of multi-drug resistance. TCM not only can target the phenomenon of MDR but also greatly weakens the side effects of the patients after the chemotherapy， thus improving the survival quality and rate of the patients. Accordingly， many patients adopt TCM as an adjuvant therapy during or after chemotherapy. The binding of TCM to targets can reverse the drug resistance of various tumors， which has become an emerging research highlight. From the regulatory mechanism of TCM on MDR of tumors， this paper introduces the mechanisms by which tumor cells continue to grow， proliferate， and metastasize by adjusting the intracellular drug concentration， altering or utilizing the tumor microenvironment， and affecting the cell death mode to achieve the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this regard， the active ingredients and compound prescriptions of TCM can increase the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs by down-regulating drug transporters， improving the tumor microenvironment， and modulating the drug resistance pathways associated with apoptosis， autophagy， ferroptosis， or pyroptosis. The aim of this paper is to explore more clinical practical value of TCM in the treatment of tumors and provide exploratory ideas and a theoretical basis for the future research on tumors and MDR.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of stone needle thermocompression and massage compared to flurbiprofen gel patch in relieving chronic musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder and back， and to explore the potential mediating mechanism through muscle elasticity. MethodsA total of 120 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder and back were randomly assigned to either stone needle group or flurbiprofen group， with 60 patients in each. The stone needle group received stone needle thermocompression and massage for 30 minutes， three times per week； the flurbiprofen group received flurbiprofen gel patch twice daily. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. Pain improvement， as the primary outcome， was assessed using the Global Pain Scale （GPS） at baseline， after 2 weeks of treatment， and again 2 weeks post-treatment. To explore potential mechanisms， a mediator analysis was conducted by measuring changes in superficial and deep muscle elasticity using musculoskeletal ultrasound at baseline and after the 2-week treatment period. ResultsThe stone needle group showed significantly greater pain relief than the flurbiprofen group 2 weeks post-treatment. After adjusting for confounders related to pain duration， the between-group mean difference was -8.8 ［95% CI （-18.2， -0.7）， P＜0.05］. Part of the therapeutic effect was mediated by changes in deep muscle elasticity， with a mediation effect size of -1.5 ［95% CI （-2.0， -0.9）， P = 0.024］， accounting for 17.9% of the total effect. ConclusionStone needle thermocompression and massage can effectively relieve chronic musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder and back， partly through a mediating effect of improved deep muscle elasticity.

ObjectiveTo establish the multi-technique characteristic profiles of Alumen by X-ray diffraction（XRD）， Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）， and to explore the spectral characteristics for rapid identification of Alumen and its potential adulterant， Ammonium alum. MethodsA total of 27 batches of Alumen samples from 8 production regions were collected for preliminary identification based on visual characteristics. The PDF standard cards of XRD were used to differentiate Alumen from A. alum， and the XRD characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and then the common peaks were screened. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， the characteristic information that could be used for identification of Alumen was selected with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. FTIR characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and key wavenumbers for identification were screened by HCA and OPLS-DA with VIP value>1. Meanwhile， the thermogravimetric differences between Alumen and A. alum were analyzed by TG-DTA， and the thermogravimetric traits that could be used for identification were screened. ResultsAlumen and A. alum could not be effectively distinguished by traits alone. However， by comparing the PDF standard cards of XRD， 15 batches of Alumen and 12 batches of A. alum could be distinguished. In the XRD profiles， 10 characteristic peaks were confirmed， corresponding to diffraction angles of 14.560°， 24.316°， 12.620°， 32.122°， 17.898°， 34.642°， 27.496°， 46.048°， 40.697° and 21.973°. In the FTIR profiles， 4 wavenumber ranges（399.193-403.050， 1 186.010-1 471.420， 1 801.190-2 620.790， 3 612.020-3 997.710 cm^-1） and 12 characteristic wavenumbers（1 428.994， 1 430.922， 1 432.851， 1 434.779， 1 436.708， 1 438.636， 1 440.565， 1 442.493， 1 444.422， 1 446.350， 1 448.279， 1 450.207 cm^-1） were identified. In the TG-DTA profiles， there were characteristic decomposition peaks of ammonium ion and mass reduction features near 555.34 ℃ for A. alum. These characteristics could serve as important criteria for distinguishing the authenticity of Alumen. ConclusionXRD， FTIR and TG-DTA can be used to rapidly detect Alumen and A. alum， and combined with the discriminant features selected through chemometrics， the rapid and accurate identification of Alumen and A. alum can be achieved. The research findings provide new approaches for the rapid identification of Alumen.