This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional color power angiography(3D-CPA,) in osteosarcoma diagnosis. Methods Forty-three cases with osteosarcoma were detected with 3D-CPA to assess the vascular classification(3D-CPA Ⅰ to Ⅲ) and measure the vascular parameters including vascularization index(VI), flow index(FI) and vascularization-flow index(VFI). Results All of the 43 cases were classified into 3D-CPA Ⅲ type. The space structure shape of blood vessels and the origin of nutrient vessels was clear. The quantitative measurement showed that VI was 25.84±6.87,FI was 34, 18±2.93, VFI was 9.02±4.04. Conclnsions It is a new method to analyze and diagnose osteosarcoma with 3D-CPA because it can show the nutrient vessels and the embranchments of blood vessels clearly, tridimensionally and integrally and Bake quantitative or partial-quantitative analysis.

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) influence the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.The development of PVTT is a multi-factor,multi-part process.According to anatomic features of the portal vein in the liver and tumor thrombus of HCC developing modes,a uniform tumor thrombus types system (typesⅠ -Ⅳ) is recommended.Multi-modal therapy based on surgery,interventional therapy and radiotherapy can improve the curative effect enormously.

Postoperative ileus is commonly referred to the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility after ab-dominal surgery. Some causes are responsible for the ileus, including postoperative pain and electrolyte im-balances, and manipulations during surgery. Although gastrointestinal motility normalizes spontaneously in most patients, some develop severe to postoperative ileus, which is difficult to treat, with a delayed recovery from surgery, prolonged hospital stay, and increased treatment costs. So, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of postoperative ileus for effective prevention and treatment.

Objective To explore the feasibility of two-day laparoscopic cholecysteetomy(LC).Methods The clinical data of 50 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the operations were successful.Condu-sions Two-day laparoscopic cholecystectomy is deserved to spresd which is also safe,available and higher bed rota-tion as well as great patient satisfaction.

The kynurenine metabolic pathway involves in a cascade of enzyme reaction generated multiple biologically-active compounds.These metabolites are called"kynurenines" which participate in diverse pathophysiological processes,particularly in the central nervous system.The kynurenines have important physiological functions.For example.quinolinic acid is an Nmethyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor agonist.and it can be largely accumulated in the central nervous system in many infectious nervous system diseases,resulting in neuronal excitotoxicity and death.Kynurenic acid antagonizes excitatory glutamate receptors to reduce excitotoxicityinduced neuronal death.This article reviews the related researches of the effects of kynurenine metabolic pathway on the central nervous system.