Background A preliminary study determined an application of manganese ion eyedrops in tracing observation of visual system in vivo,but whether manganese ion has toxic effects on ocular anterior segment tissues is still unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the toxic effects of different concentrations of manganese ion eyedrops on ocular anterior segment tissues.Methods Thirty-two clean New-Zealand white rabbits were divided into 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group,0.50 mol/L MnCl2 group,0.25 mol/L MnCl2 group and normal control group according to random number table.The experimental eye was randomly chosen from each rabbit for eyedrops application.The manganese ion eyedrops at concentration of 1.00 mol/L,0.50 mol/L or 0.25 mol/L was topically administered in any lateral eye of each rabbit in the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group,0.50 mol/L MnCl2 group,0.25 mol/L MnCl2 group,and normal saline solution was used in the same way in the normal control group.In 2 hours,1 day and 3,7,14,21,28 days after eyedrops application,the irritative response of ocular surface was examined under the slit lamp microscope,and corneal damage was evaluated by corneal fluorescence staining,and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and corneal thickness were assessed using corneal specular microscope.The eyeball samples were prepared in 3,7,14 and 28 days after eyedrops application and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histopathological examination of conjunctiva,cornea,trabecular meshwork and ciliary body tissue.The use and care of experimental animals complied with the Statement of ARVO.Results Severe hyperemia and edema in palpebral conjunctiva appeared in the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group and 0.50 mol/L MnCl2 group,and the symptoms reached a maximum level 1 day after eyedrop application and disappeared 7 days after eyedrops application in the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group.These symptoms were milder in the 0.50 mol/L MnCl2 group in comparison with the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group.There were no ocular irritative response in the 0.25 mol/L MnCl2 group.Significant differences were found in the corneal fluorescence scores among the groups 2 hours,1 day,3 and 7 days after eyedrop application (X2 =17.350,19.200,12.200,10.140,all at P＜0.05),with the highest score in the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group.The ECD was not significantly different among the groups and different time points (Fgroup =0.38,P＞0.05;Ftime =1.79,P＞0.05).The corneal thickness value was significantly different among the groups and different time points (Fgroup =18.22,P＜0.05;Ftime =116.75,P ＜ 0.05).The corneal thickness value was elevated during 2 hours to 3 days after administration of eyedrops in the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group and closed to normal from 7 days to 28 days.The corneal thickness value was higher from 2 hours to 14 days than that in 28 days after administration of eyedrops in the 1.00 moL/L MnCl2 group,and the corneal thickness value was higher in 2 hours to 1 day than that in 28 days after administration of eyedrops in the 0.50 mol/L MnCl2 group (all at P＜0.05).Inflammatory cell infiltration and stromal edema were exhibited in conjunctival,trabecular meshwork and ciliary body tissue in the 1.00 mol/L MnCl2 group 3 days and 7 days after eyedrops application,and only inflammatory cell infiltration in conjunctival tissue in the 0.50 mol/L MnCl2 group 3 days after eyedrops application.No obvious abnormity was seen in the 0.25 mol/L MnCl2 group.Conclusions 1.00 mol/L manganese ion eyedrops has a remarkable toxic effect on ocular anterior segment tissue in rabbit.With the lowing of drug concentrations,the toxic effects were reduced.The manganese-enhanced MRI using 0.25 mol/L manganese ion eyedrops is feasibility bacause of its non-toxicity to ocular tissues.

Objective To compare the lateral decubitus and supine position in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with femoral proximal nail antirotation (PFNA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the 85 patients with intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated at our hospital between September 2013 and September 2014.They were 24 men and 61 women,28 to 99 years of age (average,78.5 years).By Evans-Jensen classification,one case was type Ⅰ,15 cases were type Ⅱ,40 type Ⅲ,23 type Ⅳ,and 6 type Ⅴ.All the patients were treated with internal fixation with PFNA.Lateral decubitus position was adopted in 45 cases and supine position in 40.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values,tip-apex distance (TAD),calcar tip-apex distance (Cal-TAD),fracture healing time,and Harris score of the hip joint.Results The 85 patients were followed up for 9 to 21 months (average,13.6 months).Both 2 groups obtained fracture healing,with no screw cut-out.The lateral decubitus group had significantly less operation time (60.3 ± 17.5 min) and intraoperative bleeding volume (70.8 ± 37.8 mL) than the supine position group (72.7 ± 19.7 min and 90.3 ± 20.9 mL,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).The former also had a significantly smaller difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values (24.1 ± 5.7 g/L) than the latter (28.2 ± 8.5 g/L) (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in TAD,Cal-TAD,fracture healing time (3.7 ± 0.9 months versus 3.7 ± 1.0 months),or Harris hip score (73.4 ± 10.7 versus 75.5 ± 9.5) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA,lateral decubitus position may be associated with shorter operation time and less intraoperative blood loss compared with supine position.

Objective To study the variation of acute blood pressure in different subtypes of first ischemic stroke,and investigate the influence on the prognosis.Methods A total of 710 patients with first ischemic stroke were selected.The blood pressure levels were monitored during the initial 7 hospital days.Clinical outcome was based on the combined analysis of Barthel index and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on the 180th day.In the subtypes of large artery atherothrombosis(LAA),cardioembolism (CE),small artery disease occlusion (SAO) were 400,160,150 cases.Logistic regression model was used to estimate the influencing factors on the prognosis.Results An U-shaped effect was observed in different subtypes between blood pressure on admission,average acute blood pressure and prognosis.In the subtypes of LAA and CE,those who had a basehne systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140-159 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) or a baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90-99 mm Hg on admission got good prognosis.In the subtypes of SAO,those who had a baseline blood pressure of 130/95 mm Hg on admission got good prognosis.In all subtypes,the average blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg got good prognosis.In the subtypes of LAA and CE,those who had a baseline SBP of 120-159 mm Hg or a baseline DBP of 80-99 mm Hg within 7 d after admission got good prognosis.In the subtypes of SAO,those who had a baseline blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg within 7 d after admission got good prognosis.In all subtypes,the average blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg within 7 d after admission got good prognosis.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the decrease of blood pressure during the first 24 hours,deterioration within 7 d after admission,acute complication,NIHSS score on admission were the independent risk factors of prognosis,while antihypertensive therapy in the acute phase was the independent protection factor in the subtypes of LAA and CE.In the subtypes of SAO,acute complication was the independent risk factor of prognosis.Conclusions An U-shaped effect is observed in different subtypes between blood pressure on admission and prognosis.In the subtypes of LAA and CE,the decrease of blood pressure during the first 24 hours,deterioration within 7 d after admission,acute complication,NIHSS score on admission are the independent risk factors of prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristic and regularity of antineoplastics-induced ADR,and to provide refer-ence for safety use of antineoplastics in clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,309 cases of antineoplastics-induced ADR col-lected from a special hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2015 were summarized and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 309 ADR cas-es,female (58.25％) was more than male (41.75％). The patients aged more than 40 years old occupied the highest proportion (78.64％). Main route of administration was intravenous dripping(94.82％). There were 225 cases of severe ADR(72.82％). To-tal 268 cases were improved after drug withdrawal or treatment(86.73％). A total of 24 kinds of antineoplastics were involved in 309 ADR cases;most of ADR were induced by docetaxel,followed by cisplatin,cyclophosphamide. Most common organs/system involved in ADR was hemopoietic system (64.24％),main clinical manifestation was myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to strengthen ADR monitoring,prevent,discover and treat antineoplastics-induced ADR timely,in order to reduce the harm to the patients and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug treatment.

Objective To explore the management,curative effect and safe of superficial bladder tumor(BT)by greenlight photoselective vapontion per urethra(GPVPU). Methods 32 patients of BT were treated by GPVPU,and operation time,postoperative complications,relapse rate and so on were observed. Results All cases were completed successfully. No complication happened in operations. Urinary canal was detained 2 ～4 days and bladder washout(BW) did not need after operation. Follow-up average time was 16 months. Irrigation chems of bladder and cystoscopy were applied routinely. Conclusion GPVPU was safe and effective in treatment of superficial bladder tumor.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays,the internal fixation materials for the clinical treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures are broadly divided into two categories: intramedulary fixation system and extramedulary fixation system.Artificial femoral head replacement can be selected for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.However,the effects of diverse treatments usualy lack of macroscopical evaluation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate and compare the clinical effects of different surgical treatments for femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.METHODS:168 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures,who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces from June 2005 to June 2010,were enroled in this study.They were treated by screw plate fixation system (dynamic hip screw,dynamic condylar screw),intramedulary fixation system (Gamma 3 nail,expandable intramedulary nail) and artificial femoral head replacement,including 69 males and 99 females,at the age of 75-94 years,averagely 81.4 years.According to Evans type,there were 20 cases of type Ⅰ,43 cases of type Ⅱ,57 cases of type Ⅲ,33 cases of typeⅣ and 15 cases of type Ⅴ.Operative time,blood loss,weight-bearing ambulation time,and hip function were compared and evaluated in patients of each group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,patients were folowed up for 14-39 months.At 12 months after treatment,Harris score was used to assess hip function in the affected side.Fracture was healed within 12 months.There was no significant difference in excelent and good rate among four groups (P＞0.05).Operative time and blood loss were significantly better in the expandable intramedulary nail group than in the other groups (P＜ 0.05).Weight-bearing ambulation time was significantly better in the artificial femoral head group than in the other groups (P＜ 0.01).Results suggest that according to fracture typing,in combination with osteoporosis in elderly patients,suitable repair method could improve therapeutic effects for femoral intertrochanteric fractures,and reduce postoperative complications.Dynamic hip screw is firstly selected for Evens types Ⅰ and Ⅱ stable intertrochanteric fractures.The intramedulary fixation system can be selected for unstable intertrochanteric fractures as Evans types Ⅲ-Ⅴ.Artificial hip arthroplasty is good for elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures as wel as severe osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)by photoselective vaporization of prostate(PVP)and curative effect in the near future. Methods Clinical data of 60 BPH patients underwent PVP were retrospctively aralyzed.The changes of IPSS and QOL and the max urine flow rate and residual urine volume(RUV)perioperatively were compared through observations of the operation time and complication. Results The therapeutic efficacy was favourable.No transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)syndrome and uroclepsia happens.IPSS(t=2.471,P <0.05)and QOL(t=2.392,P <0.05)and the max urine flow rate(t=2.287,P ＜0.05)and residual urine volume(t=2.513,P＜0.05)obviously improved(P ＜0.05). Conclusion PVP had many advantages such as operated simply and no serious complications.It was a good operation method to treat BPH.

Objective To detect the routine coagulation indicators in breast cancer patients receiving the trastuzumab treatment and to analyze the influence of the coagulation indicators on clinical treatment response .Methods Totally 67 hospitalized breast cancer patients receiving the trastuzumab treatment in 401 Hospital of PLA from Jan .2006 to Dec .2012 were collected and divided into the effective group(47 cases) and ineffective group(20 cases) according to the curative effect .The levels of PT ,APTT ,TT ,Fib and D‐D were statistically analyzed .The differences of coagulation indicators were compared between the two groups .The correla‐tion between the coagulation indicators with the curative effect was analyzed .Results Compared with the effective group ,PT , APTT and TT in the ineffective group were slightly extended ,while the D‐D level was slightly increased ,the differences were not statistically significant(P> 0 .05);but the Fib level was significantly increased with statistical difference(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The breast cancer patients with ineffectiveness in the trastuzumab treatment are easily appear the high Fib status .Determining its plas‐ma concentration is conducive to judge the prognosis of the trastuzumab treatment in breast cancer patients .

Objective Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia in children and teenagers , which may cause mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia ( MPP) .Atelectasis is one of the most common manifestations of MPP.The aim of the article was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( FB) in children with MPP associated with atelectasis . Methods Retrospective analysis were made on clinical data and FB records of 99 cases of hospitalized children with MPP associated with atelectasis from August 2010 to December 2012 . Results The positive rate of MP-DNA was 92.9%(92/99) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the positive rate of MP-Ab-IgM in serum was 68.7%(68/99).All pa-tients showed obviously bronchial mucosa congestive edema during FB examination .The results are as follows:bronchial phlegm bloc-king in 31 cases (31.3%), lumen inflammatory stenosis in 22 cases (22.2%),mucosal ulcer change in 7 cases(7.1%) and mucous nodular change in 3 cases (3.0%).4 weeks after being treated with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), only 3 cases remained in atelec-tasis, the partial and complete re-expansion rate reaching 96.5%(82 of 85). Conclusion The positive rate of BALF MP-DNA de-tection technology for the diagnosis of MP infection is higher than that of serum MP-Ab-IgM examination .Early interventional therapy by FB can shorten the course of disease and promote the lung re-expansion in children with MPP associated with atelectasis .

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy underwent cervical nerve root decompression using the anterior percutaneous endoscopic surgery.Methods Eleven subjects consisting of 6 men and 5 women treated from July 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled in the study.Mean age was 42.1 years (range, 27 to 63 years).All were diagnosed to be unilateral single-segment injury involving C3/4 in 1 case, C4/5 in 2 cases, C5/6 in 6 cases and C6/7 in 2 cases.Because of unsatisfactory results 6 week following the non-operative treatment, the patients were operated on using the anterior percutaneous endoscopic osteophyte removal and nerve root decompression.Operation time, postoperative complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified Macnab scale were recorded.Results Operation time was (102.5 ± 21.3) min (range, 80-140 min).Nine patients were followed up for 12 months and no complications were noted.VAS improved significantly at postoperative 3 days and 1, 3, 6, as well as 12 months compared to the preoperative value (P ＜ 0.01).Modified Macnab scale presented great improvement at postoperative 3 and 12 months compared to the preoperative value (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The technique is reliable and effective in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.