Objective To investigate the role of chitosan in combination with far infrared treatment on vascular access flow of arteriovenous fistula .Methods A total of 172 hemodialysis patients were recruited in this study .The patients were admitted to the blood purification center in Department of Nephrology in Daping Hospital from 2012 to 2013 .The 172 hemodialysis patients ,were randomized into 4 groups ,43 patients in each group ,including control group ,chitosan group ,far infrared group and combined treat‐ment group .The combined treatment group were treated with chitosan and far infrared in vessel puncture for 40 min at the begin‐ning of each dialysis ;chitosan group accepted the chitosan treatment only ;far infrared group just used far infrared therapy device ;control group were treated with conventional nurses .Arteriovenous fistula blood flow was detected by doppler ultrasound equip‐ment ,the maximum blood flow Qa0 (at the beginning of the study) ,Qa1 (1 month later in the study) ,Qa2(3 months later in the study) ,Qa3(6 months later in the study) ,were analyzed and compared .Results There were no significant difference at different times between the blood flow of arteriovenous fistula in the chitosan group (P>0 .05) .Qa2 and Qa3 of the far infrared group were significantly higher than Qa0 (P<0 .05) .Qa1 ,Qa2 ,Qa3 were significantly higher than Qa0 in the combined treatment group (P<0 .05) .Qa2/Qa0 and Qa3/Qa0 in the far infrared group were significantly higher than control group and chitosan group (P<0 .05) . Compared with the other three group ,Qa1/Qa0 ,Qa2/Qa0 and Qa3/Qa0 were significantly increased in the combined treatment group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The chitosan and far infrared combined treatment can effectively protect the blood flow of arteriove‐nous fistula in the hemodialysis patients .The combined treatment is one effective method for nursing arteriovenous fistula .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Tanreqing injection, a traditional Chinese herbal preparation for clearing heat and resolving phlegm, in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by improving airway inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed. Ninety AECOPD patients were randomly divided into Tanreqing group, ambroxol hydrochloride group and control group. The patients in the three groups were all treated with conventional therapy. Furthermore, intravenous drip infusion of 20 ml Tanreqing injection (once daily) and 15 mg ambroxol hydrochloride injection (twice daily) were administered respectively to the patients in the Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group. They were all treated for 10 days. Symptom score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), plasma concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10 and neutrophil elastase (NE) were detected before and after treatment. RESULTS: Cough, sputum amount, expectoration, dyspnea, fever, coated tongue and pulse tracings were improved obviously in Tanreqing group (P<0.05), and the effects of Tanreqing on improving cough, sputum amount and expectoration were better than the conventional therapy (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group (P>0.05). Compared with ambroxol hydrochloride group and the control group, the coated tongue was improved obviously in Tanreqing group (P>0.05). After treatment, plasma concentrations of IL-8, IL-10 and NE were decreased in Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-8 and IL-10 in the control group were decreased (P<0.05). The change of IL-8 level before and after treatment in Tanreqing group was greater than that in ambroxol hydrochloride group and the control group. The changes of IL-10 and NE levels in ambroxol hydrochloride group were greater than those in Tanreqing group and the control group, while there was no significant difference in the changes of serum levels of IL-8, IL-10 and NE among the three groups (P>0.05). Total response rates in Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in total response rate between Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in total response rate among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Tanreqing injection can improve TCM signs and symptoms in AECOPD patients, and the mechanism maybe due to the decrease of serum levels of IL-8 and NE and improvement of IL-10 level.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chaige Qingre Granule, a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine, in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection of wind heat syndrome. METHODS: A multi-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted. In the phase II, 60 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into the trial group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). In the phase III, 112 patients were randomly divided into the trial group (n=84) and the control group (n=28). The trial group received 6 g Chaige Qingre Granule, and the control group received 6 g Fufang Shuanghua Granule (another traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine). The two groups were all treated for 3 days and four times daily. Clinical symptoms, syndromes, adverse effect, blood, urine and stool test, hepatorenal function and electrocardiogram were examined before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the overall obvious response rates of the trial group and the control group were 78.57%, 82.14% (by per-protocol analysis) and 75.86%, 79.31% (by intention-to-treat analysis) respectively, and the overall response rates of the two groups were 96.43%, 100% (by per-protocol analysis) and 93.10%, 96.55% (by intention-to-treat analysis) respectively in phase II. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). In the phase III, the overall obvious response rates of the trial group and the control group were 90.54%, 73.08% (by per-protocol analysis) and 88.16%, 70.37% (by intention-to-treat analysis) respectively, and the overall response rates of the two groups were 94.59%, 96.15% (by per-protocol analysis) and 92.11%, 92.59% (by intention-to-treat analysis) respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two groups (P>0.05) too. No adverse effects were found in the trial. CONCLUSION: Chaige Qingre Granule is effective and safe in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection of wind heat syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the proliferation effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on prostate in aged rats at the environmental exposure dose and the possible mechanism.METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 1.5 years,were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 rats per group) and treated with DEHP (30,90 and 270 μg· kg-1,ig) and vehicle once daily respectively for 4 weeks.All the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and sacrificed on the day subsequent to the last treatment.① Abdominal aortic blood samples were collected,and serum estradiol (E2),testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL) levels were assayed by ELISA.② The prostate tissues were dissected and categorized into different lobes,weighed and measured.The prostate relative mass was calculated.③ The morphological changes were detected by HE staining and prostate epithelial height was analyzed with microscopic image analysis software.RESULTS Compared with vehicle control group,the prostate relative mass,dorsolateral prostate mass,and dorsolateral prostate index in DEHP 270 μg· kg-1 group were significantly higher (P＜0.05).The height of the ventral prostate epithelium in DEHP 30,90 and 270 μg· kg-1 groups was increased significantly (P＜0.01),so was the height of dorsal prostate epithelium in DEHP 270 μg· kg-1 group (P＜0.01).There were no significant changes in levels of E2,PRL or T in DEHP 30,90 and 270 μg· kg-1 groups,but the ratios of E2/T in DEHP 30 and 270 μμg· kg-1 groups were increased significantly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Low-dose DEHP could promote the proliferation of prostatic hyperplasia in the aged rats,which might be associated with the relative levels of endogenous hormone.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical efficacy of suture anchors in treating acute injuries of medial collateral ligament (MCL) of knee at degree III.

METHODSTwenty-seven patients with degree III acute MCL injuries of knee were treated with suture anchors from January 2007 to June 2011. There were 15 males and 12 females, aged from 19 to 56 (averaged 32.6) years old. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 10 days, averaged 6 days. Symptoms and physical signs before and after treatment were observed, Lysholm scoring were used to evluated clinical efficacy.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 16 to 30 months with an average of 21.6 months. The stability of knee joints was good in all patients. Abduction stress test was negative when the knee joint was straightened at 0 degrees and flexed at 30 degrees. The average degree of flexed knee (67.00 +/- 5.80) degrees preoperatively was lower than that of postoperatively (136.50 +/- 6.30) degrees at 1 year. According to Lysholm scoring, preoperative scores ranged from 30 to 43 points, averaged 36.46 +/- 1.48; 1 year after operation ranged from 87 to 100 with an average of 91.50 +/- 3.80 and higher than postoperative. Twenty patients got an excellent results, 5 good and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONSuture anchors in treating acute injuries of medial collateral ligament of knee at degree III has following advantages: small range of tissue dissection, easy to operate, reliable fixation and less complications.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Collateral Ligaments ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suture Anchors

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution characteristics of basic syndromes and its related factors in patients with chronic functional constipation (CFC).

METHODSThe complete data of 538 patients with CFC were collected and initial database was established with Epidata 3. 0. TCM syndrome typing was performed. The distribution characteristics of basic syndromes were analyzed using SPSS 17. 0 Software. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed with SPSS 17. 0 Software to determine basic syndrome related factors such as age, engaged professionals, sleep quality, depression, mental stress, interpersonal relations, work fatigue, stimulating beverage, exercise conditions, Western medicine type of constipation, and so on.

RESULTSThe TCM syndrome frequency of CFC patients was sequenced from high to low as qi deficiency syndrome (380 cases, 70.6%), qi stagnation syndrome (337 cases, 62.6%), blood deficiency syndrome (234 cases, 43.5%), yin deficiency syndrome (220 cases, 40.9%), yang deficiency syndrome (197 cases, 36.6%), and others(58 cases, 10. 8%) . Most patients were complicated with complex syndromes, and the most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome (275 cases, 51.1%) and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome (222 cases, 41.3%). Aging, work fatigue, and exercise conditions were main related factors for qi deficiency syndrome (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies), mental stress, interpersonal relations, defecation barriers constipation were main related factors for qi stagnation syndrome (P <0.01). Sleep quality and poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies) were main related factors for blood deficiency syndrome (P <0. 01, P < 0.05). Stimulating beverages were main related factor for yin deficiency syndrome (P <0.05). Engaged in mental work and slow transit constipation were main related factors for yang deficiency syndrome (P < 0. 01, P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSCFC is featured as complex syndromes. The most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome. Basic syndrome related factors such as age, engaged professionals, sleep quality, poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies), mental stress, interpersonal relations, work fatigue, stimulating beverage, exercise conditions, Western medicine type of constipation were associated with the distribution of CFC syndromes.

Anxiety ; complications ; Constipation ; complications ; diagnosis ; psychology ; therapy ; Depression ; complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Stress, Psychological ; complications ; Syndrome ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mahuang Zhisou Capsule (MHZSC), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection of wind-cold syndrome. METHODS: A multi-center, double-blind, double dummy, randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 240 patients were randomized into treatment group (120 cases, treated with MHZSC) and control group (120 cases, treated with Mahuang Zhisou Pill). The therapeutic course was 3 days. RESULTS: Seven cases were excluded and three cases lost to follow-up. Two hundred and thirty-three cases entered intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 230 cases fitted in per-protocol population set (PPS) analysis. After treatment, the therapeutic effect of upper respiratory tract infection was calculated by ITT and PPS analysis respectively. The significant response rate and total response rate in the treatment group were 78.07% and 98.25% (ITT and PPS), while the significant response rates in the control group were 70.59% (ITT) and 70.69%(PPS), and the total response rates were 95.80% (ITT) and 95.69% (PPS) respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MHZSC is effective and safe in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection of external wind-cold syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Yiqi Pingchuan Granule in treating acute attack of asthma due to qi deficiency and cold syndrome. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 80 patients with an acute attack of asthma were included. They were allocated into two groups randomly in a ratio of three to one. Sixty patients in the treatment group received Yiqi Pingchuan Granule and 20 patients in the control group received Ruyi Dingchuan Pill. Patients in both groups were treated for 7 days. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, clinical symptoms and lung function between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was increased in the treatment group (P<0.05), and the peak expiratory flow was accelerated in the control group (P<0.05). No significant side effects were noted in both groups. CONCLUSION: Yiqi Pingchuan Granule is safe and effective in treating acute attack of asthma due to qi deficiency and cold syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo describe the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) features of various salivary gland lesions and to analyze the respective diagnostic value and pitfalls.

METHODS113 FNAC specimens of salivary gland lesions were reviewed and correlated with clinical and histopathologic findings.

RESULTSThe FNAC diagnostic failure (2); non-neoplastic lesions (12); benign neoplasm (82) and malignant neoplasm (17). Cytologically, the distinction between cellular pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and basal cell adenoma could be difficult due to their overlapping morphologic features. The cytologic patterns of primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid were indistinguishable from those of metastatic nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. The ultimate distinction relied on clinical correlation. The three inaccurately diagnosed cases of FNAC are, as follows: reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of lymph node mistaken as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma diagnosed as "scanty atypical cells present" and primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma mistaken as benign lymphoepithelial lesion. On the basis of FNAC, 97.4% (110 /113) were correctly depicted as benign (95/96; 99.0%) or malignant (15/17; 88.2%). Furthermore, 90.3% (102 /113) (specificity = 91.9%; 102/111) were accurately diagnosed, including 91.7% (88/96) benign lesions (specificity = 92.6% ; 88/95) and 82.4% (14/17) malignant tumors (specificity = 87.5%; 14/16).

CONCLUSIONSFNAC is reliable in distinguishing benign and malignant salivary gland lesions. A specific cytologic diagnosis is often possible. On the other hand, due to the pitfalls in cytologic diagnosis of certain salivary gland tumors, tissue biopsy for histologic examination may be necessary.

Adenolymphoma ; pathology ; Adenoma ; pathology ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; pathology ; Salivary Glands ; pathology ; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms ; pathology

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; standards