Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was proved to be closely associated with neovascularizational ocular diseases and a new therapeutic target.Anti-VEGF agents can inhibit the neovascularization and decrease the permeability of blood vessels.The application of anti-VEGF agents has revolutionized the treatment of these diseases.Ranibizumab has been approved to apply for the treatment of wAMD in China.In USA,it has been also approved to apply for the treatment of macular edema induced by diabetes or retinal vein occlusion.As off-label drug use,anti-VEGF agents also are used for other ocular neovascular diseases,such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy,other retinal vascular diseases and neovascular glaucoma.The clinical application of anti-VEGF agents as an adjunctive treatment modality to surgery has shown the obvious therapeutic effect,including minimizing the risk of complication and recrudescence in intraoperation and posteoperation.The perioperative research and application of anti-VEGF drugs including bevacizumab and ranibizumab in retinal vascular diseases were reviewed.

Objective: To quantitative analyze the expression of osteopontin(OPN) in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) tissues and its clinical significance.Methods: OPN expression was examined in 59 OSCC(with different clinical and pathological characteristics) and 12 normal oral mucosa(NOM) samples by using immunohistochemical method.The staining results were quantitatively studied by image analyzer.Results: OPN expression was much higher in OSCC sample than that in NOM sample(P

Objective To investigate the activity of gastrocnemius muscle after acellular nerve transplantation with microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissue to repair sciatic nerve gap in dogs. Methods Twelve dogs were selected and divided randomly into four groups with three in each. Both sciatic nerves of the dogs in group A were cut and chemically extracted to make acellular nerves. Acellular nerves were transplanted into the dogs of groups B and C to bridge 30 mm sciatic nerve gaps, and additionally microencapsulated peripheral nerve were added in group B. Autograft was used for repairing the defects in group D. The motor function of operated limbs were observed regularly after operation. Six months after operation, motor conduction velocity of the specimens of sciatic grafting nerve segment were observed, and the gastrocnemius muscle of both sides were obtained and performed succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), synaptophysin (SYP) and motor end plate histochemical staining, and sciatic nerve 1 cm from distal end stoma were obtained and underwent Masson, Luxol fast blue and NF200 staining. Results All the dogs in groups B, C and D were involved in the results analysis without loss. Image analysis indicated the optical density and the cross section area of gastrocnemius muscle, area and optical density of synaptophysin, area and optical density of motor end plate in group B showed statistically significant difference compared with those in group C, but no significant difference with those in group D. The results of motor function recovery of operated-limb, electrophysiological examination and morphologic observations of sciatic nerve were all consistent with the detections of gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion The gastrocnemius muscle may be again innerved by nerve, and the muscle atrophy is significantly alleviated after acellular nerve transplantation with microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissue for repairing sciatic nerve gap. The regeneration of nerve was better after the combined transplantation than only acellular nerve transplantation, so the combination of acellular nerve and microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissue may be a useful substitute of autograft for nerve repair.

Objective: To quantitative analyze the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and its clinical significance. Methods: OPN expression was examined in 59 OSCC (with different clinical and pathological characteristics) and 12 normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples by using immunohistochemical method. The staining results were quantitatively studied by image analyzer. Results: OPN expression was much higher in OSCC sample than that in NOM sample (P<0.05). OPN expression was significantly different in OSCC samples of different clinical stages and with or without cervical lymphatic metastasis: with the expression at stage II (n=16) lower than that at stage III-IV (n=23) but higher than that at stage I (n=20)(both P<0.05), and the expression higher with metastasis (n=20) than that without metastasis (n=39, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between highly differentiated (n=38) and poorly differentiated (n=21) OSCC samples. Conclusion: OPN is over expressed in OSCC tissues and its expression is associated with the clinical stage and the presence of metastasis (with higher expression in late clinical stages and with mestastasis), but not with the differentiation of the tumor.

Objective To analyze the short term prognosis of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods The clinical data of VLBW infants who were hospitalized from December 2013 to December 2014 and followed up to 6 months of corrected age were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 230 VLBW infants were enrolled. Thirty infants (13.0%) died during hospitalization, 40 infants (17.4%) were given up the treatment, 60 infants (26.1%) were improved at discharge, and 100 infants (43.4%) were cured at discharge. In the 30 cases of death, causes of death were mainly neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (18 cases), pulmonary hemorrhage (5 cases), and sepsis (3 cases). In the 200 survived infants at discharge, at 6 months of corrected age of follow-up, 13 infants (6.5%) were lost to follow-up, and 54 infants (27.0%) died, among whom 40 infants died because of giving up therapeutic intervention due to economic factor or discharges without permission. At 1, 3, 6 month of follow-up, the length and weight of VLBW infants were gradually approaching normal, and, however, at 6 months of corrected age, the length and weight of VLBW infants were still obviously below the children’s growth standard. The length of VLBW infants was more deeply below the growth standard than the weight. In 109 infants who had fundus ophthalmoscope, 21 cases had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) I, and 7 cases had ROP II. In 98 infants who had the hearing screening test, 5 cases failed in one ear and 11 cases failed in both ears. In 95 infants who had the head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, 10 cases had intracranial hemorrhage and 9 cases had premature brain injury. In 49 infants who completed the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) at corrected age of 42 weeks, the scores were all lower than 35. In 36 infants who were assessed by Gesell developmental scale at the 3 months of corrected age, 11 cases had mild developmental delay and 2 cases had moderate developmental delay. In 24 infants who were assessed at the 6 months corrected age, only 2 cases had mild developmental delay. VLBW infants had a rapid progress in social contact, social behavior, and gross motor movement. Conclusions Economic, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, and sepsis are pivotal factors for the survival and quality of life of VLBW infants. The surviving VLBW infants have catch-up growth and development.

Ageing of population is now a phenomenon of the world and has considerable consequences for public services.Ageing is always accompanied with dysfunction of multiple organs,including hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis.Here,we summarized alterations of hormone secretion of adrenal glands in the elderly and their relationships with Alzheimer' s disease.Moreover,we discussed characteristics of pheochromocytoma,primary aldosteronism,and Cushing's syndrome in the elderly.Lack of typical manifestations usually makes difficulty in diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the injury effects and mechanisms of circulating histones on the hepatocytes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV )-related liver failure (HBV-LF) .Methods Serum samples from patients with HBV-LF were collected . The levels of serum histone H3 , histone H4 , prothrombin activity (PTA ) ,total bilirubin (TBil) ,creatinine (Cr) and international normalized ratio (INR) of the patients were measured .Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated in the patients .The serum levels of histones were compared between patients and the healthy volunteers . The correlation of histones with the MELD score and PTA was analyzed .The human liver cell line L-02 cells were cultured and treated with the serum of patients or L-02 cellular lysate supernatant preincubated with or without anti-histone H3 and H4 antibodies .The cellular morphology and rate of apoptosis were observed .Intracellular calcium ion concentration and Caspase-3 activity were detected in the cultured L-02 cells treated with histones .Mean of two independent samples was compared using t tests .Relationship between histones and the MELD score or PTA was conducted using Spearman correlation analysis .Results The levels of serum histones in the patients with HBV-LF were much higher than those in the healthy volunteers (H3 :[5 390 .3 ± 1 032 .0] μg/mL vs [42 .7 ± 12 .8] μg/mL , t = 32 .76 , P < 0 .01 ; H4 :[4 205 .1 ± 662 .3] μg/mL vs [40 .3 ± 14 .6] μg/mL ,t = 39 .74 , P< 0 .01) .In addition ,serum histones (H3/H4) levels in patients were negatively correlated with serum PTA (r= - 0 .325 ,P= 0 .038 and r =- 0 .572 ,P= 0 .028 ,respectively) ,but positively correlated with the MELD score (r= 0 .359 ,P= 0 .021 and r = 0 .568 , P = 0 .007 , respectively ) . Both serum of patients with HBV-LF and L-02 lysate supernatant were toxic to cultured L-02 cells .The injury effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([9 .3 ± 1 .5]% vs [14 .3 ± 0 .6]% , t = 4 .259 , P= 0 .02) .L-02 cells treated with calf thymus histone were cultured for 4 h . Cellular toxicity of histones resulted in Caspase-3 activation . The effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([3 .5 ± 0 .5]% vs [5 .2 ± 0 .6]% ,t= 4 .243 ,P= 0 .02) .Conclusion The elevated circulating histones in the patients with HBV-LF may aggravate the liver damage .

BACKGROUND:Sodium hyaluronate injection after arthroscopic debridement of knee osteoarthritis can reduce postoperative pain and improve joint function, but there is a controversy on the time for the hyaluronate injection after arthroscopic debridement of knee osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the time of hyaluronate injection after arthroscopic debridement of knee osteoarthritis, and to compare recent rehabilitation effect of knee sodium hyaluronate injection for knee function after
arthroscopic debridement of knee osteoarthritis between injection just after knee arthroscopy and injection 2 weeks after knee arthroscopy.
METHODS:The clinical data of 100 knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing sodium hyaluronate injection
immediately and 2 weeks after arthroscopic debridement were analyzed with prospective randomized control ed trial method, and the preoperative visual analog scale score, Lysholm score, 6 weeks postoperative visual analog scale score, 3 months postoperative visual analog scale score, and 3 months postoperative Lysholm score were recorded. The effects of recently rehabilitation of knee joint after surgery in two groups were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in postoperative visual analog scale score between immediate injection group (6.52±2.38) and 2 weeks postoperative injection group (6.54±2.37). The preoperative Lysholm score in the immediate injection group (43.44±16.18) was lower than that in the 2 weeks postoperative injection group (51.12±16.3). The 6 weeks postoperative visual analog scale score in the immediate injection group (3.2±2.46) was significantly higher than that in the 2 weeks postoperative injection group (5.1±2.68). The 3 months postoperative visual analog scale score/Lysholm score in the immediate injection group (2.72±2.70)/(80.58±15.63) were significantly higher than those in the 2 weeks postoperative injection group (4.72±3.07)/(64.96±21.68). The results indicate that sodium hyaluronate injection immediately after arthroscopic debridement of knee osteoarthritis is more favorable for recent rehabilitation.

The utility of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer has been paid more attention. There are many clinical trials all over the world which concerned the whole course of breast cancer. Although the value of detecting circulating tumor cells is different at each stage of breast cancer, the advantage is significant compared with traditional methods in monitoring and evaluating diseases status. Nowadays the treatments of breast cancer are classiifed and individualized, it is possible to ifnd the most timely and optimized regimens after detecting the amount and characteristics of circulating tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of calcium phosphate cement combined with bFGF in repairing pulp chamber perforation and to analyze the correlation between the diameter of the perforation and the curative effect.Methods 75 patients with pulp chamber perforation (82 teeth) were enrolled and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the repair material and method.A series of subgroups were also modeled according to the diameter of the perforation,which include the control group A (≤ 1.5 mm),control group B (1.6～3 mm) and control group C (＞3 mm),as well as the observation group A (≤ 1.5 mm),observation group B (1.6～3 rmm) and observation group C (＞3 mm).The observation group was treated with calcium phosphate cement combined with bFGF,and the control group was treated with calcium phosphate cement alone.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.8％,which was significant higher than 80.6％ in the control group (P＜0.05).The cure rate of the observation group A was 100％,which was significant higher than 73.3％ in the observation group B and 41.7％ in the observation group C (all P＜0.05).The total effective rates of the observation group A and B were significantly higher than 91.7％ in the observation group C (all P＜0.05).The cure rate of the control group A was 92.9％,which was significant higher than 60.0％ in the control group B and 25.0％ in the control group C (all P＜0.05).The total effective rates of the control group A (100％) and B (90.0％) were significantly higher than 91.7％ in the control group C (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Calcium phosphate cement combined with bFGF in repairing the pulp chamber perforation was significantly better than calcium phosphate cement alone.The cure rate of perforation repairing is closely related to the perforation size.The perforation with small diameter may achieve a better repairing effect.