Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was proved to be closely associated with neovascularizational ocular diseases and a new therapeutic target.Anti-VEGF agents can inhibit the neovascularization and decrease the permeability of blood vessels.The application of anti-VEGF agents has revolutionized the treatment of these diseases.Ranibizumab has been approved to apply for the treatment of wAMD in China.In USA,it has been also approved to apply for the treatment of macular edema induced by diabetes or retinal vein occlusion.As off-label drug use,anti-VEGF agents also are used for other ocular neovascular diseases,such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy,other retinal vascular diseases and neovascular glaucoma.The clinical application of anti-VEGF agents as an adjunctive treatment modality to surgery has shown the obvious therapeutic effect,including minimizing the risk of complication and recrudescence in intraoperation and posteoperation.The perioperative research and application of anti-VEGF drugs including bevacizumab and ranibizumab in retinal vascular diseases were reviewed.

Objective: To quantitative analyze the expression of osteopontin(OPN) in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) tissues and its clinical significance.Methods: OPN expression was examined in 59 OSCC(with different clinical and pathological characteristics) and 12 normal oral mucosa(NOM) samples by using immunohistochemical method.The staining results were quantitatively studied by image analyzer.Results: OPN expression was much higher in OSCC sample than that in NOM sample(P

Objective To propose the orientation,goals and some key issues for future research in the field of war wound/trauma through reviewing the updated literature.Methods The latest literature in the field of war wound/trauma were reviewed.Results The notion "medicine always be with soldiers" had been raised by America and the Europe military circles,with special emphasis on emergency techniques and equipments,which were used in the front of battle field.This forwarded the medical aids as quick as possible and the formation of medical rescue system without crack.Meanwhile,much attention had been paid to the pathogenesis and prevention of post-traumatic complications,wounding characteristics and mechanisms of high-tech new weapons,as well as repair and regeneration of injured tissues.In China,a great advances had been made in the filed of emergency rescue,shock resuscitation,complication treatment and wound repair.Conclusions During the coming "twelfth five-year program",the research standpoint is to meet the needs of Chinese troops to perform better in modern wars and non-military actions,and the aim is to significantly reduce the rate of mortality and disability of trauma as well as to improve the whole army's health.To fulfill this aim,a lot of work should be done to enhance the trauma emergency ability at the battle front,the organization and remedy ability at conditions of combined operations of armed forces,and the translational medical research for rescue of trauma,so as to unceasingly increase the medical service ability of our army to cope with secure threaten and to accomplish multiple military missions.

Ageing of population is now a phenomenon of the world and has considerable consequences for public services.Ageing is always accompanied with dysfunction of multiple organs,including hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis.Here,we summarized alterations of hormone secretion of adrenal glands in the elderly and their relationships with Alzheimer' s disease.Moreover,we discussed characteristics of pheochromocytoma,primary aldosteronism,and Cushing's syndrome in the elderly.Lack of typical manifestations usually makes difficulty in diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the injury effects and mechanisms of circulating histones on the hepatocytes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV )-related liver failure (HBV-LF) .Methods Serum samples from patients with HBV-LF were collected . The levels of serum histone H3 , histone H4 , prothrombin activity (PTA ) ,total bilirubin (TBil) ,creatinine (Cr) and international normalized ratio (INR) of the patients were measured .Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated in the patients .The serum levels of histones were compared between patients and the healthy volunteers . The correlation of histones with the MELD score and PTA was analyzed .The human liver cell line L-02 cells were cultured and treated with the serum of patients or L-02 cellular lysate supernatant preincubated with or without anti-histone H3 and H4 antibodies .The cellular morphology and rate of apoptosis were observed .Intracellular calcium ion concentration and Caspase-3 activity were detected in the cultured L-02 cells treated with histones .Mean of two independent samples was compared using t tests .Relationship between histones and the MELD score or PTA was conducted using Spearman correlation analysis .Results The levels of serum histones in the patients with HBV-LF were much higher than those in the healthy volunteers (H3 :[5 390 .3 ± 1 032 .0] μg/mL vs [42 .7 ± 12 .8] μg/mL , t = 32 .76 , P < 0 .01 ; H4 :[4 205 .1 ± 662 .3] μg/mL vs [40 .3 ± 14 .6] μg/mL ,t = 39 .74 , P< 0 .01) .In addition ,serum histones (H3/H4) levels in patients were negatively correlated with serum PTA (r= - 0 .325 ,P= 0 .038 and r =- 0 .572 ,P= 0 .028 ,respectively) ,but positively correlated with the MELD score (r= 0 .359 ,P= 0 .021 and r = 0 .568 , P = 0 .007 , respectively ) . Both serum of patients with HBV-LF and L-02 lysate supernatant were toxic to cultured L-02 cells .The injury effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([9 .3 ± 1 .5]% vs [14 .3 ± 0 .6]% , t = 4 .259 , P= 0 .02) .L-02 cells treated with calf thymus histone were cultured for 4 h . Cellular toxicity of histones resulted in Caspase-3 activation . The effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([3 .5 ± 0 .5]% vs [5 .2 ± 0 .6]% ,t= 4 .243 ,P= 0 .02) .Conclusion The elevated circulating histones in the patients with HBV-LF may aggravate the liver damage .

In this study, we selected 24 crewmen who worked in the high temperature circumstances in the engine cabin, resulting in a great loss of body water, together with a large amount of inorganic salts and nitrogen. We Proved that the loss of sodium, potassium, and calcium in sweat is greater than that in urine. The excretion of sodium is the highest, then potassium, the lowest is calcium. The body weight of the engine member has a prominent decrease after summer. It seems that the regaining of body weight can be promoted by great supply of vitamins. So, we should give a large amount of proteins, vitamins and calcium to the members who worked in the circumstance of such a high temperature. The amount of salt is already quite enough in an ordinary meal.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tagging condition in medication of special population in package inserts in order to give reference for rational drug use of special population. METHODS: 389 pieces of common Chinese and western medicine package inserts of our inpatient and out-patient dispensaries were randomly collected and analyzed statistically in terms of the content of package inserts for special population, including pregnant and lactant women, children and the aged. RESULTS: A part of medication items of special population in package inserts had deficiency. According to the classification of dosage form, the tagging rate of injection exceeded other dosage forms reached to more than 90%, except of medication items for children. The tagging rate of oral formulation arrived at more than 90% only in terms of contraindications and cautions. According to the classification of manufacturer, the tagging rate of domestic drugs was kept at the low level while that of imported drugs exceeded 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Package inserts need to be improved with the effort of drug supervision management department, drug production department and population of using drugs to guarantee the safety of drug use in special population.

Objective To study bioactivity of microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissue after transplanted into abdominal cavity and analyze the in vivo time-effect relation. Methods Microencap-sulated peripheral nerve tissues were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice. Results Microencap-sulated peripheral nerve could remain intact six months after transplantation. The peripheral nerve cells survived, with normal proliferation function. Conclusions Microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissues can remain bioactivity at least six weeks in vivo. Improved technique of microencapsulation may prolong bioactivity of microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissues and accordingly promote nerve regeneration fol-lowing peripheral nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of calcium phosphate cement combined with bFGF in repairing pulp chamber perforation and to analyze the correlation between the diameter of the perforation and the curative effect.Methods 75 patients with pulp chamber perforation (82 teeth) were enrolled and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the repair material and method.A series of subgroups were also modeled according to the diameter of the perforation,which include the control group A (≤ 1.5 mm),control group B (1.6～3 mm) and control group C (＞3 mm),as well as the observation group A (≤ 1.5 mm),observation group B (1.6～3 rmm) and observation group C (＞3 mm).The observation group was treated with calcium phosphate cement combined with bFGF,and the control group was treated with calcium phosphate cement alone.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.8％,which was significant higher than 80.6％ in the control group (P＜0.05).The cure rate of the observation group A was 100％,which was significant higher than 73.3％ in the observation group B and 41.7％ in the observation group C (all P＜0.05).The total effective rates of the observation group A and B were significantly higher than 91.7％ in the observation group C (all P＜0.05).The cure rate of the control group A was 92.9％,which was significant higher than 60.0％ in the control group B and 25.0％ in the control group C (all P＜0.05).The total effective rates of the control group A (100％) and B (90.0％) were significantly higher than 91.7％ in the control group C (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Calcium phosphate cement combined with bFGF in repairing the pulp chamber perforation was significantly better than calcium phosphate cement alone.The cure rate of perforation repairing is closely related to the perforation size.The perforation with small diameter may achieve a better repairing effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of childhood intracranial tumor.Methods The age and sex distribution,location of tumor,clinical manifestation,imaging examination and pathological examination,diagnosis and treatment of 98 children under 14 years old admitted into Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jun.2003 to Sep.2008 were analyzed.Results There were 63 male and 35 female in the study.The gender ratio(male to female) was 1.8:1.The age range was 4 months to 14 years old,75 cases(76.5%) visited a doctor in the course of disease from 1 to 90 days.The tumors of 60 cases(61.2%) were located in posterior cranial fossa,while 14 cases(14.3%) in cerebral hemisphere.The most common intracranial tumors were medulloblastom(30 cases,30.6%),astrocytic tumor(26 cases,26.5%),ependymal tumor(17 cases,17.3%),craniopharyngioma(10 cases,10.2%) and germ cell tumor(4 cases,4.1%).The main clinical manifestations were vomiting(61 cases,62.2%),headache(58 cases,59.2%),instability of gait or incoordination(38 cases,38.8%),29 cases(29.6%) of the tumors were misdiagnosed.Obstructive hydrencephalus was found in 78 cases(79.6%) by imaging examination,positive rate of tumor′s diagnosis was 95.9% and 100% by brain CT and MRI scaning,respectively.Conclusions Intracranial tumors in childhood are mostly located in posterior cranial fossa with atypical clinical manifestations and short course of diseases.It is common to be misdiagnosed at early stage.Brain CT and MRI examinations are helpful for early diagnosis,which should be considered for the children when unreasonable increased intracranial pressure and localizing neurological sings exist.