Human papillomavirus type 16(HPV 16)is associated with many tumor carcinogenesis particularly cervical cancer.HPV 16 variants has been found to show different geographic and ethic distributions according to epidemiologicat research.meanwhile,they also play an important role in virus persistent infections and disease progressions.Variants study has been a promising field in the research of HPV and its association with tumor research.

Objective To investigate the injury effects and mechanisms of circulating histones on the hepatocytes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV )-related liver failure (HBV-LF) .Methods Serum samples from patients with HBV-LF were collected . The levels of serum histone H3 , histone H4 , prothrombin activity (PTA ) ,total bilirubin (TBil) ,creatinine (Cr) and international normalized ratio (INR) of the patients were measured .Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated in the patients .The serum levels of histones were compared between patients and the healthy volunteers . The correlation of histones with the MELD score and PTA was analyzed .The human liver cell line L-02 cells were cultured and treated with the serum of patients or L-02 cellular lysate supernatant preincubated with or without anti-histone H3 and H4 antibodies .The cellular morphology and rate of apoptosis were observed .Intracellular calcium ion concentration and Caspase-3 activity were detected in the cultured L-02 cells treated with histones .Mean of two independent samples was compared using t tests .Relationship between histones and the MELD score or PTA was conducted using Spearman correlation analysis .Results The levels of serum histones in the patients with HBV-LF were much higher than those in the healthy volunteers (H3 :[5 390 .3 ± 1 032 .0] μg/mL vs [42 .7 ± 12 .8] μg/mL , t = 32 .76 , P < 0 .01 ; H4 :[4 205 .1 ± 662 .3] μg/mL vs [40 .3 ± 14 .6] μg/mL ,t = 39 .74 , P< 0 .01) .In addition ,serum histones (H3/H4) levels in patients were negatively correlated with serum PTA (r= - 0 .325 ,P= 0 .038 and r =- 0 .572 ,P= 0 .028 ,respectively) ,but positively correlated with the MELD score (r= 0 .359 ,P= 0 .021 and r = 0 .568 , P = 0 .007 , respectively ) . Both serum of patients with HBV-LF and L-02 lysate supernatant were toxic to cultured L-02 cells .The injury effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([9 .3 ± 1 .5]% vs [14 .3 ± 0 .6]% , t = 4 .259 , P= 0 .02) .L-02 cells treated with calf thymus histone were cultured for 4 h . Cellular toxicity of histones resulted in Caspase-3 activation . The effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([3 .5 ± 0 .5]% vs [5 .2 ± 0 .6]% ,t= 4 .243 ,P= 0 .02) .Conclusion The elevated circulating histones in the patients with HBV-LF may aggravate the liver damage .

In this study, we selected 24 crewmen who worked in the high temperature circumstances in the engine cabin, resulting in a great loss of body water, together with a large amount of inorganic salts and nitrogen. We Proved that the loss of sodium, potassium, and calcium in sweat is greater than that in urine. The excretion of sodium is the highest, then potassium, the lowest is calcium. The body weight of the engine member has a prominent decrease after summer. It seems that the regaining of body weight can be promoted by great supply of vitamins. So, we should give a large amount of proteins, vitamins and calcium to the members who worked in the circumstance of such a high temperature. The amount of salt is already quite enough in an ordinary meal.

BACKGROUND: Liver stem cells can be induced and differentiated into mature hepatocytes. Transplanted liver stem cells would be good to recovery of damaged hepatic tissues and compensate some hepatic functions. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research status quo of liver stem cell induced and differentiated into mature hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: We searched in Pubmed for the literatures published from January 2000 to October 2007 with the of "liver stem cell,differentiation"in English. We also searched in Wanfang database for relevant articles published from January 2000 to October 2007 in Chinese. Inclusive criterion:The articles related to the induction and differentiation of liver stem cells were collected. Exclusive criteria:Repetitive investigation or Meta analysis articles were excluded. LITERATURE EVALUATION: From over 100 pieces we chosen 38 pieces of articles which focus on the induction and differentiation of liver stem cells,and those published in the more authorized journals within recent years were superiority. Of the total,5 pieces were related on isolating culture and proliferation of cells,22 pieces on induction and differentiation in vitro,and 11 pieces on induction and differentiation in vivo. From over 30 pieces of articles,we summed up and arranged those about differentiation into mature hepatocytes. Of them,28 were used as reference for review. DATA SYNTHESIS: According to origin, liver stem cells can be divided into liver-derived liver stem cells and non-liver-derived liver stem cells. The former include oval cells,differentiated liver cells,fetal liver cells and bile duct endothelial cells. The latter include embryonic stem cells,bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells,pancreas glandular epithelium cells and enterocytes. All are characterized by pleiotropia variation. Induction and differentiation of liver stem cells:①in vitro:Cell induction culture systems can be different cytokines or chemical agents or patho-microenvironment,and these systems induce liver stem cells into hepatocytes. ② in vivo:Liver stem cells transplanted in body through various kinds of methods would improve liver function and structure. CONCLUSION: The study of liver stem cells is in the period of theory and experiment study. We must strengthen the study of mechanism of its induction and differentiation,prevent stem cells differentiate into tumor cells,and promote it differentiate into mature hepatocytes,so that we can propel liver stem cells in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advances in the genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and explore the heritable basis of the disease.DATA SOURCES:Related articles in English from January 1990 to June 2006 were searched in Pubmed and EMCC databases with the terms "gene, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction". Meanwhile, the CMCC database was searched for the relevant articles published between January 2000 and June 2006 in Chinese.STUDY SELECTrON: After the preliminary selection,relevant literatures on genetics of CAD and myocardial infarction(MI)were selected, and those with obvious indifferent contents or with less correlation were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Data of 49 articles were mainly extracted from the selected literatures providing solid evidence to elucidate the genetic susceptibility to CAD or MI.DATA SYNTHESIS: The involved 49 articles showed that CAD is a complex multifactorial disorder which is believed to result from the interplay between a person's genetic makeup and various environmental factors. The heritable basis is increasingly recognized as a crucial component in the development of CAD. Recent work in the field of genetics has lead to determining key genes associated with the susceptibility for CAD and MI through genome-wide linkage scans and large-scale gene-association studies as core human genetics approaches These susceptibility genes involve diverse functions, including dyslipidemia, vascular homeostasis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and immunity.CONCLUSION: The identification of genes that predispose to or directly cause CAD provides new insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder. However, the precise role of genetic factor in the CAD or MI events and the personalized gene-specific therapy await further investigation.

Objective To explore the experience of surgical treatment for appendiceal carcinoid.MethodsThe clinical data of 12 appendiceal carcinoid cases received surgery were retrospectively studied.ResultsPreoperatively,all the 12 cases were considered as appendicitis.The definite diagnosis was verified by pathologic study postoperatively.Among the 12 cases, tumors less than 1 cm 9 cases, between 1 cm to 2cm 2cases, but without serosal involvment or lymph node metastasis(2 cases) recieved simple appendectomy.One case with a tumor larger than 2cm and serosal involvment underwent fight hemicolectomy.ConclusionOwing to its lack of specific symptoms,the diagnosis of appendiceal carcinoid was usually reached after operation.The choice of surgical procedures should based on the size and depth of invasion of the tumor and lymph node metastasis status.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of salivary gland scintigraphy for primary Sj?gren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods:This study took 50 pSS patients and 50 healthy women as the control group. All of them were performed salivary gland scintigraphy. We observed the imaging of salivary gland scintigraphy for two groups, and evaluated their salivary gland function. Results: In 50 patients with pSS, eight patients (16.0%) of bilateral parotid and submandibular glands were functioned well. While the function of bilateral parotid function and/or bilateral submandibular gland were observed reduction in other patients with pSS. The uptaking function decreased obviously in the typical patients with pSS, who are with bilateral parotid and submandibular glands. The uptake of 99TcmO4-was decreased in salivary glands, and the uptake of the oral cavity was lessened. After taken vitamin C tablets, there was no obvious concentration of 99TcmO4-. The time-radioactive type curve has continued to rise. The UR, S/T, SR and V of pSS patients were significantly lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Salivary gland scintigraphy is a non-invasive diagnosis with high-value for primary Sj?gren’s syndrome patients.

Text mining provides a new approach for drug repositioning, and the emerging databases and their corresponding tools provide more and more convenience for drug repositioning by text mining.The methods and tools for studying drug repositioning by text mining and their successful application examples were thus described in this paper in order to provide reference for the researchers interested in this field.

By summarizing the features of medical diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia,this article mainly analyzes the ethical disfigurement and relevant harm,discusses the ethical principles and requirement which doctors and nurses should abide by during the whole medical course,so that doctors' ethical diathesis can be improved,and a harmonious physician-patient relationship can be achieved.