Objective To study the process of foam fractionation of polyphyllin in semi-batch mode. Methods Taking enrichment ratio, recovery rate of polyphyllin, and purity ratio as the performance criteria and using single examining method to examine the operational parameters, i.e. operation mode, air flow rate, initial feed concentration, solution pH value, initial feed height and temperature on separation performance. The optimal conditions of the process were obtained finally. Results The separation performance is good when gas flow rate is 400 mL/min, initial feed concentration (polyphyllins content) is 0.3 mg/mL, pH value is 7, feed height is 30 cm, and feed temperature is 40 ℃. The enrichment ratio is 25.7, recovery ratio is 42.1%, and the foam liquids purity of total polyphyllin is 41.4%, which is 4.5 times higher than that in feed purity. Conclusion Foam fractionation technique could be applied to separate polyphyllin.

Objective To investigate the effect of parthenolide ( PTL) and PKC inhibitor on human gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell proliferation and apoptosis and the mechanism involved .Methods Human GIST cell lines were cultured in vitro, and the cell proliferation rate of GIST , was determinate by MTT;flow cytometry was used to test the early apoptosis rate of GIST;Western blot assay was applied to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins , GRP78 and GADD153.There were four groups: control group , PTL group, PKC inhibitor group , combine PTL and PKC inhibitor group .Results PTL and PKC inhibitor combination therapy for GIST was sig-nificantly more effective than a single-drug therapy (P<0.05);as for the early apoptosis rate , the combination ther-apy for GIST cells was significantly higher than that medication alone group (P<0.05).the expression of endoplas-mic reticulum stress-associated protein GRP 78 and GADD153 was obviously higher in PTL and PKC inhibitor combi-nation group than that in medication alone group (P<0.05).Conclusions PTL and PKC inhibitor combination therapy for GIST cells can induce apoptosis , which is possibly mediated via endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway .

Objective To explore a safe and high efficiency way of gene transfection of autocrine motility factor(AMF) in order to provide experimental basis for transplantation of myoblasts carrying AMF gone. Methods Sprague Dawley rat myoblasts were cultured, purified, proliferated and immunohisto-chemically verified. Then, the myoblasts were transfected with AMF and eGFP (enhanced green fluores-cent protein) gene by FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus). Fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope were employed to detect eGFP so as to verify positive transfection rate. Expression of AMF was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Myoblasts with 98% purity could he ob-tained after two weeks of primary culture and purification. Positive transfection rate reached 90.4% when MOI (multiplicity of infection) was 100 (P <0.01). The transfected AMF gene could express normally. Conclusions Explant culture is a proper way in rat myoblast culture. Meanwhile, AMF gene can he effectively transfected into rat myoblast and well expressed via FIV.

Objective:To quantify the tryptase and T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3(TIM-3)double positive mast cells in hu-man chronic periodontitis tissue using double immunofluorescence staining.Methods:25 healthy controls,28 chronic mild periodontitis and 30 chronic advanced periodontitis patients were included.The gingival specimens were stained with HE for histology,and with double immunofluorescence staining for the identification of tryptase and TIM-3 double positive mast cells in gingival tissue.Results:In chronic periodontitis tissue the degree of gingival inflammation was significantly increased,the densities(cells/mm2 )of tryptase and TIM-3 double positive mast cells were significantly increased(P<0.05),in addition,that in chronic advanced periodontitis group was significantly higher than in the chronic mild periodontitis group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Tryptase and TIM-3 double positive mast cells has the similar tendency as the severity of periodontitis inflammation in human periodontitis tissue.Tryptase and TIM-3 double positive mast cells may play an important role in human chronic periodontitis.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and electroencephalogram (EEG)characteristics of agyria-pachygyria for its early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis judgment in clinical practice.Methods The clinical manifestations and EEG features of twenty-four patients with agyria-pachygyria who were diagnosed by CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at Pediatric Neurology of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2004 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of twenty-four patients,eighteen cases were diagnosed as diffuse agyria-pachygyria and six cases were diagnosed as partial agyria-pachygyria.The clinical features were mainly manifested as mental retardation (twenty-four patients),and motor retardation (twenty-four patients),and epilepsy (eighteen patients).All of the twenty-four patients had abnormal EEG pattern which were mainly three tapes.Type Ⅰ had diffused high amplitude alpha and beta activity in all cortical regions,frontal-central,or parietal-occipital region (fourteen patients).Type Ⅱ showed alternating high amplitude bursts with sharp and slow waves (seven patients).Type Ⅲ was characterized by high amplitude spike or sharp wave activity generalized or multifocal distribution and δ,θ wave mixing graphics (twelve patients).Nine of twenty-four patients showed two or three EEG characteristic patterns in an awake-asleep EEG recording.During the follow-up of 1-8 years old,twelve of the thirteen patients who were diagnosed as epilepsy in diffuse agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly with infantile spasms or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.One of the five patients who was diagnosed as epilepsy in focal agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly for partial epilepsy secondary generalized seizures.There was a significant difference between them (P =0.008).Eighteen of twenty patients who had moderate-severe mental retardation or dyskinesia were diagnosed as diffuse a gyria-pachygyria,while two were focal agyria-pachygyria.Both of them had a significant difference (P =0.005).Conclusions Agyria-pachygyria is a brain malformation caused by neuronal migration abnormality.Diffuse agyria-pachygyria is presented with serious clinical manifestations and poor outcome while the clinical manifestation of focal agyria-pachygyria is relatively mild and epilepsy could be controlled by antiepileptic drugs or epilepsy surgery.These characteristics of EEG patterns along with clinical findings could provide important evidence for early diagnosis,timely treatment and prognosis judgment of agyria-pachygyria.

?AIM: To explore the effects of “one week with one case” teaching method with college - enterprise cooperation in the theoretical classes of contact lens courses, which provide the basis for teaching reform.?METHODS: Fifty-six students in optometry major of Grade 2012 from Xi’an Medical College were divided into 2 groups randomly. The experimental group of 28 students used “one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation; the control group of 28 people used traditional “one week with one case”teaching method. The examination scores and questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effects.?RESULTS:The students of experimental group acquired higher test scores in short-answer questions and the case analysis questions compared with students of control group (P<0. 05). The questionnaire survey showed the“one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation acquired higher scores in 6 items which include the intensity of learning interest, information acquisition ability, team cooperation ability, communication skills, oral communication ability and the satisfaction of teaching method (P<0. 05). Four items included participation, preparation, communication ability and team spirit of experimental group students were significantly superior to those of the control group students (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:“One week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation can improve comprehensive ability of students. It is an effective teaching method with the characteristics of the contact lens courses.

The research and development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a rapidly developing field. From the first generation of murine mAbs to the fourth generation of fully human mAbs, the efficacy and safety of mAbs in the treatment of various diseases have been continuously improved. In order to regulate the development and evaluation of mAbs, drug regulatory agencies and pharmacopeias of America and China have tried to issue feasible test procedures and acceptance criteria for quality evaluation of mAbs and biosimilars. Mass spectrometry (MS) technique with high sensitivity, resolution, selectivity, and specificity has become an important tool to evaluate the quality characteristics of monoclonal antibody-related products or specify mAb quality. The research of MS-based monoclonal antibody study involves structure characterization, impurity analysis, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), etc. This review focuses on the current quality control requirements of mAb related products and the development of MS technique for mAb quality characterization and specification. It is expected to provide information and references for evaluating the quality of monoclonal antibodies under research and development.

AIM To explore the effect of hypoxia on apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) and the role of ecdysterone(EDS)in inhibition of apoptosis. METHODS ① Culture and identification of HUVECs;② Hypoxic model(0,12,24,48 h) in HUVECs was established. While HUVECs was incubated 24 h with EDS(100 mg?L -1 ) under hypoxic condition. Apoptosis in HUVECs was detected by TUNEL;③ HUVECs received EDS 100 mg?L -1 in normal and hypoxic condition. After 24 h, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected with immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS The apoptosis percentages are different under different hypoxic condition. The longer hypotic the time was, the higher the apoptosis percentage was. EDS reduced apoptosis of HUVECs. EDS could enhance expression of VEGF protein in cardiac myocytes of rat in normal and hypoxic condition. CONCLUSION The role of hypoxia in HUVECs apoptosis is more significant along with prolonging of hypoxic time. VEGF play an important role in protective effect of EDS on endothelial cell apoptosis.

AIM:To determine the relationship between ischemia,hypoxia and the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in rat myocardium and its basic mechanism. METHODS:(1) 28 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A,normal control;group B,1 day's acute myocardial infarction;group C,3 day's acute myocardial infarction;group D, 7 day's acute myocardial infarction. (2) Rat cardiac myocytes cultured were primarily divided into some groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours; PMA groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours with PKC activator (PMA), A 0 ng/mL; B 10 ng/mL; C 100 ng/mL; D 1 000 ng/mL; Chelerythrine groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours with PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine), A 0 nmol/L; B 10 nmol/L. (3) By computer scanned and quantitated, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein was detected with immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The longer time of ischemia and hypoxia was, the higher the VEGF production. The relationship was found between the time of ischemia or hypoxia and the production of VEGF. The production of VEGF protein was further promoted by PMA with different concentration, decreased by chelerythrine.CONCLUSION:Ischemia or hypoxia strongly stimulated the production of VEGF in myocardium, which played an important role in autoprotecting of ischemic or hypoxic myocardium. Hypoxia-induced PKC activation is one kind of basic mechanisms in this course.