Twelve compounds were isolated from the herb of Chenopodium ambrosioides, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), patuletin (3), quercetin-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), grasshopper ketone (5), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (6), syringaresinol (7), benzyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), dendranthemoside B (9), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (10), N-trans-feruloyl 4'-O-methyldopamine (11), and 4-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzamide (12). Among them,compounds 3, 6-8,10, and 12 were isolated from the genus Chenopodium for the first time, and compounds 2-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chenopodium ambrosioides ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo analyze the protein expression profiles of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with multicentric occurrence (MO) or with intrahepatic metastasis (IM).

METHODS5 IM and 6 MO patients were divided into groups of IM1, IM2, MO1 and MO2 according to the size of node of HCC. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrum were used to analyze the protein expression profiles. Western blot was used to confirm the results obtained by mass spectrum.

RESULTS2-DE of IM1, IM2, MO1 and MO2 indicated that 30 protein dots were differentially expressed in these tumors. By mass spectrum, 25 proteins were identified. Gene ontology classification indicated that these proteins are associated to cell movement, signal transduction, oxidoreduction, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.

CONCLUSIONThe protein expression profiles of IM is different from that of MO, 2-DE and mass spectrum can be used to identify the molecular markers of IM and MO of HCC.

Adult ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Proteomics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of the minimal invasive osteotomy treatment for hallux valgus combined with tailor's bunion deformity.

METHODSFrom May 2007 to May 2009, Forty-nine feet of 32 patients (a mean age of 57 years old) of hallux valgus combined with tailor's bunion deformity were reviewed retrospectively, including 2 males(2 feet) and 30 females (47 feet). All patients were treated by the minimal invasive osteotomy. The axial and lateral films of all feet with loading were taken before and after operation. The hallux abducto valgus angle(HAV),intermetatarsal angle(IM), fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM 4 to 5), modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM 4 to 5), Metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle (MPA) and lateral deviation of the fifth matatarsal angle (LDA) were compared before and after operation. Therapeutic effects of all the patients were observed after operation, the item including AFAS score and WEN Jian-min's therapeutic effects standard.

RESULTSThe average operating time was 40 minutes. All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 6 to 24 months. The HAV angle, IM angle, IM 4 to 5 angle, MIM 4 to 5 angle,MPA angle and LDA angle significantly decreased after operation. The AFAS score significantly raised after operation. According to the criteria, 33 feet got an excellent result, 15 good and 1 fair.

CONCLUSIONThe minimal invasive osteotomy treatment for hallux valgus combined with tailor's bunion is effective and safe. This method is mini-trauma,less pain and it can make a very soon rehabilitation. This method has widely clinical value.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bunion, Tailor's ; surgery ; Female ; Hallux Valgus ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Osteotomy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) and CT angiography (CTA) for detecting early signs of acute bowel ischemia (ABI) in experimental porcine models.

METHODSTwelve pigs were assigned to four groups with 3 in each group. The digital subtraction angiography of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the embolization of branches of SMA with gelatin sponge and blood clot were performed by percutaneous transfemoral artery puncture and catheterization. MDCT pre- and post-contrast scanning in the arterial, venous and delay phase and CTA with three-dimensional reconstruction were carried out at pre-operation, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, and 12 h after occlusion. The normal mesenteric vascular anatomy, arterial occlusion, mesentery and bowel changes, and dynamic change were evaluated.

RESULTSABI changes were identified pathologically in all the 12 experimental pigs, and the severity of ischemia increased over time after embolization. CTA showed all 57 embolized branches of SMA and 29 of 34 unoccluded arterial branches with 5 false-positive vessel occlusions. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 100% and 85.3%, respectively. Thin-slab maximum intensity projection (TSMIP) revealed the disappearance of distal comb-like vessel branches and brush-like vasa recta, which were clearly delineated in the normal bowel segments. Using this criterion, TSMIP correctly defined 23 of 24 ischemic bowel segments and all the 12 normal bowel segments with a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 100%.

CONCLUSIONSMDCT and CTA reliably define normal and occluded mesenteric vessels in the pig. It can easily detect ischemic bowel segment by identified early changes of ischemia. The early direct ischemic signs are occluded vessels, the disappearance of distal comb-like branches or brush-like vasa recta, and poor bowel enhancement. The early indirect sign is bowel dilatation with fluid collection.

Angiography ; methods ; Animals ; Female ; Intestinal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Mesenteric Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Mesentery ; blood supply ; Swine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVEInvestigations were carried out to understand the effect of 50 Hz power frequency magnetic field on microfilament assembly of human amniotic cells and on expression of actin and epidermal growth factor receptor.

METHODSHuman amnion FL cells were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mT power frequency magnetic field for 30 minutes. Microfilaments were marked using Phalloidin-TRITC, and then were observed under a fluorescence microscope. An optical method was used to detect the relative content of microfilament in cells. A scanning electron microscope was used to detect the cell shape. The content of actin and epidermal growth factor receptor in the preparation of the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton were measured by western-blotting to analyse the potential mechanism of the change induced by magnetic field.

RESULTSIntracellular stress fibers were found to decrease after exposing cells to a 0.2 mT power frequency magnetic field for 30 minutes. New microfilament and filopodia bundles appeared at the cell periphery after exposure, but the detected total F-actin content per cell was not significantly changed, detected by a F-actin-specific dye. The change in the amount of microfilaments caused by the field could be recovered 2 hours later when the field was withdrawn. The mean height of microfilament cytoskeleton decreased from (12.37 +/- 1.28) microm to (9.97 +/- 0.38) microm (t = 6.96, P > 0.05) after exposure using a confocal microscope. The cell shapes became more flat and lamellipodia appeared after exposure observed by a scanning electron microscope. By using Western blotting method, the intracellular contents of epidermal growth factor receptor and of actin in the preparation of the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton which are associated with high-affinity epidermal growth factor receptors, increased about (31.2 +/- 4.1)% (t = 17.10, P < 0.05) and (16.8 +/- 2.3)% (t = 16.68, P < 0.05) respectively, compared with that of the control.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that a short time exposure to a 0.2 mT power frequency magnetic field induces re-organization of microfilament in human amnion FL cells. These changes could be recovered by field withdraw and may have something with the clustering of epidermal growth factor receptors induced by magnetic field.

Actin Cytoskeleton ; metabolism ; Amnion ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cytoskeleton ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

To explore the genetic characteristics of viral quasispecies in HIV-1 CRF07_BC infections among intravenous drug users (IDU), the gp120 fragments of HIV-1 env gene were amplified from plasma samples collected from 6 CRF07_BC infected persons using single genome amplification and sequencing (SGA/ SGS) method, and 11 to 28 sequences were obtained from these samples, respectively, A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was reconstructed to describe the genetic characteristics of viral quasispecies. The Simplot, segments' phylogenetic trees and diversity plots based on average pairwise distance (APD) were used to identify the recombination events between quasispecies. The SGA sequences derived from single specimen formed a large monophyletic cluster in the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and showed the complex topologic structures of viral quasispecies. Of the 6 CRF07_BC infected patients, only one possessed the high genetic homogeneity, whereas the other five individuals showed high heterogeneity, with two to four subclusters inside the monophyletic cluster for each specimen. In addition, the recombinant events were identified among viral quasispecies from 3 cases. The results show SGA technique and phylogenetic analyses are useful tool to investigate the intrahost CRF07_BC gp120 complex quasispecies variation and high genetic diversity.
Adult ; Drug Users ; Female ; HIV Infections ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; virology ; Young Adult

Objective· To investigate the value of three-dimensional spin-lattice relaxation (T1ρ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for liver fibrosis detection and staging and compare with two-dimentional real-time shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods · Twenty-nine rabbit models of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis were established and six untreated rabbits served as controls. T1ρ MRI and two-dimentional real-time SWE examinations were performed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, respectively. T1ρ values and liver stiffness (LS) values were measured. Fibrosis was staged according to the METAVIR scoring system. Correlation test was performed among T1ρ values, LS values and fibrosis staging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance of T1ρ and SWE in detection of fibrosis. Results · There was a moderate positive correlation between fibrosis staging and T1ρ values (r=0.566, P=0.000), and a significantly positive correlation between fibrosis staging and LS values (r=0.726, P=0.003).Areas under ROC were 0.861 for SWE and 0.856 for T1ρ(P=0.940),0.906 for SWE and 0.849 for T1ρ(P=0.414),0.870 for SWE and 0.799 for T1ρ (P=0.422), and 0.846 for SWE and 0.692 for T1ρ (P=0.137), when diagnosing liver fibrosis with ≥?F1, ≥?F2, ≥?F3 and F4 stage, respectively. Conclusion · T1ρ imaging has potential for liver fibrosis detection and staging with good diagnostic capability similar to that of SWE.

OBJECTIVETo study changes in T lymphocyte subsets in preterm infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).

METHODSThe study enrolled 29 IUGR preterm infants, 38 preterm infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 20 healthy full-term infants. Peripheral blood was sampled during the first 24 hours of life, and again at a corrected age of 38 weeks of the preterm infants. T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry, and absolute counts of leukocytes, total lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes were determined with an automated hematology analyzer.

RESULTSWithin the first 24 hours of life, percentages of CD3(+) and CD4(+) were lower in IUGR preterm infants than in AGA preterm infants and full-term infants (P<0.05), percentages of CD8(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio were lower in IUGR preterm infants than in full-term infants (P<0.05), and percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio were lower in AGA preterm infants than in full-term infants (P<0.05). Moreover, the absolute counts of total lymphocytes were lower in IUGR preterm infants than in full-term infants (P<0.05); the absolute counts of T lymphocytes were lower in preterm infants, regardless of IUGR, than in full-term infants (P<0.05), and lower in IUGR infants than in AGA infants (P<0.05). At the corrected age of 38 weeks, percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio were increased in both IUGR and AGA infants as compared to the measurements within the first 24 hours of life (P<0.05), and percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio were lower in IUGR infants than in AGA infants (P<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in counts of leukocytes, total lymphocytes and T lymphocytes between IUGR and AGA infants (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere may be a certain degree of compromise in cell-mediated immunity in preterm infants with IUGR and this compromise may last to 38 weeks after birth.

Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; immunology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

Objective·To analyze the basic medical insurance policies for children in Shanghai in 2011 and 2017, and compare with those of the other three municipalities to understand the basic medical security status of children in four municipalities in China and analyze the existing problems. Methods?·?The current effective children's basic medical insurance policies and child critical illness insurance policies and related insurance systems in four municipalities were collected systematically. The types of basic medical insurance for children in various municipalities and their funding standards, their own expenses and the proportion of government subsidies, the proportion of outpatient emergency payoff lines and reimbursement at all levels of medical institutions, and the coverage and coverage of major illness insurance reimbursement were collected and compared mainly. Results?·?The basic medical insurance for children in Shanghai is a "double insurance" system, which contained children's hospitalization fund and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The basic medical insurance for children in other municipalities mainly consisted of basic medical insurance for urban (rural) residents. Compared with 2011, the level of financing and the reimbursement of the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and of the children's hospitalization fund in Shanghai in 2017 was increased. In 2017, the level of financing of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Shanghai was 1?100 yuan, which was slightly lower than that of Beijing medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurance and was higher than that of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Tianjin and Chongqing, and the individual payment level of Shanghai was the lowest. The hospitalization payoff lines in Shanghai were lower than those of other municipalities. Shanghai's outpatient and inpatient reimbursement levels were higher those of than other municipalities. There wasn't a capping line in Shanghai. There were capping lines in other municipalities. There was a great difference in the insurance policy of the major diseases in four municipalities. Conclusion?·?According to their own actual conditions, models for children's medical care systems that suited each municipalities’ social and economic development have been established. Shanghai children's basic medical insurance basically meets the needs of children's growth but needs improvement in terms of the type and level of medical security for major illnesses.

This study investigated the effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors(AMPAR) in the hippocampus and synaptic plasticity in rats with conditioned fear-induced anxiety. The effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on rat behaviors were evaluated through open field experiment, elevated plus maze experiment, and light/dark box experiment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of glutamate(Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in the rat hippocampus. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot were employed to assess the gene and protein expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampal region. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the changes in the ultrastructure of synaptic neurons in the hippocampal region. Long-term potentiation(LTP) detection technique was employed to record the changes in population spike(PS) amplitude in the hippocampal region of mice in each group. The behavioral results showed that compared with the model group, the Suanzaoren Decoction group effectively increased the number of entries into open arms, time spent in open arms, percentage of time spent in open arms out of total movement time, number of entries into open arms out of total entries into both arms(P<0.01), and significantly increased the time spent in the light box and the number of shuttle crossings(P<0.01). There was an increasing trend in the number of grid crossings, entries into the center grid, and time spent in the center grid, indicating a significant anxiolytic effect. ELISA results showed that compared with the model group, the Suanzaoren Decoction group exhibited significantly reduced levels of Glu, Glu/GABA ratio(P<0.01), and significantly increased levels of GABA(P<0.01) in the rat hippocampus. Furthermore, Suanzaoren Decoction significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of NMDAR(GluN2B and GluN2A) and AMPAR(GluA1 and GluA2) compared with the model group. Transmission electron microscopy results demonstrated improvements in synapses, neuronal cells, and organelles in the hippocampal region of the Suanzaoren Decoction group compared with the model group. LTP detection results showed a significant increase in the PS amplitude changes in the hippocampal region of Suanzaoren Decoction group from 5 to 35 min compared with the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). In conclusion, Suanzaoren Decoction exhibits significant anxiolytic effects, which may be attributed to the reduction in NMDAR and AMPAR expression levels and the improvement of synaptic plasticity.
Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/metabolism* ; Hippocampus ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics* ; Anxiety/genetics* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid