Objective To compare the level of Annexin Ⅱ in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),diabetic nephropathy(DN),chronic glomerulonephritis and normal controls,and explorle the significance of the annexin Ⅱ in SLE.Methods Thirty-five cases of patients with SLE,ten cases of patients with DN,ten cases of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were enrolled in this study,twenty cases of healthy controls were also enrolled.Circulating annexin Ⅱ in white blood cells was detected bv flow cytometry.Student's t test,variance analysis and Lineat correlation analysis were used for statistial analysis.Resuits Compared with healthy controls,the level of annexin Ⅱ in white blood cells in SLE patients (7.1±2.9)%and DN patients(8.0±3.7)%were significantly lower than that of the healthy controls(P<0.01,p<0.05).In the SLE group,the level of annexin Ⅱ of patients who had more active disease(SLEDAI≥9)decreased more thall those with less active disease(SLEDAI<9),(P<0.05).A positive correlation was found between annexin Ⅱ and serum albumin level(r:0.439,P<0.01),but negative correlation was found between annexin and urine protein/urine creatinine(r=-0.382,P<0.05),SLEDAI(r=-0.417,P<0.05),D-dimer(r=-0.336.p＜0.05) levels.Conclusion The level of annexin Ⅱ is decreased in patients with SLE,so it can renectthe abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems,and it may be used as a good indicator for prothrombotic status in SLE patients.It can be helpful to evaluatethe activity of the disease and the therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To observe the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on serum interleukin 8 (IL-8),interleukin 12 ( IL-12) and interleukin 33 ( IL-33) levels and MMP-10 and NF-κB protein expression in joint synovial tissues in rats with collagen-induced arthritis ( CIA) ,and further to investigate the mechanism for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Rats were randomly divided into normal control group( n=10) ,model control group,dexamethasone group,low-dose of TMP and high-dose of TMP groups ( n=9 each) . The CIA model was established in all the groups except for the normal control group. Rats of dexamethasone group were give 2 mg.kg-1 of dexamethasone;Rats of low-dose and high-dose of TMP group were given 50,100 mg.kg-1 of TMP, respectively.The toe volume and arthritis index (AI) were used to evaluate joint inflammation. The levels of IL-8,IL-12 and IL-33 in the serum of rats were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of MMP-10 and NF-κB in joint synovial were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with CIA group,the toe volume and AI were significantly reduced in high-dose of TMP groups and dexamethasone groups,and levels of IL-8,IL-12 and IL-33 and the expression levels of MMP-10 and NF-κB were decreased significantly (P<0.01). TMP (50 mg.kg-1) could obviously decrease the toe volume and the levels of IL-8 and IL-33. There was no statistical difference in other indices (P>0.05). Conclusion TMP at 100 mg.kg-1 showed obvious inhibition on CIA rats. The mechanism may be correlated to balancing the effect of proinflammatory factor and anti-inflammatory cytokines,improving immune function in rats,reducing joint synovial inflammation,and alleviating the destruction of the articular cartilage.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of the levels of matrix metallopro-teinase -9(MMP -9)in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)in children with asthma whose had differ-ent levels of 25 -hydroxyl -vitamin D3 [25 (OH)D3 ]in the serum.Methods Fifty children with asthma between January 201 3 and January 201 5 were enrolled as the asthma group,based on the disease severity,and the patients were divided into the moderate to severe group (37 cases)and the mild group (1 3 cases),while 20 children with abnormal airway or tracheal foreign body were as a control group.The levels of 25 (OH)D3 and MMP -9 in the serum,levels of MMP -9 in BALF were measured and compared by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)me-thod.Re-sults The level of serum 25 (OH)D3 in the asthma group[(1 9.5 ±6.4)μg/L]was lower than that in the control group[(39.3 ±7.1 )μg/L ],and there was a statistical difference between 2 groups(P <0.05).The level of serum 25(OH)D3 in moderate to severe group[(1 6.6 ±4.1 )μg/L]was lower than that in the mild group[(27.9 ±4.5)μg/L],there were statistically significant difference between 2 groups(P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the total number of cells and the percentage of macrophages among different serum 25(OH)D3 levels of children with asthma and the control group(P >0.05).The percentages of neutrophils,eosinophils and epithelial cells in BALF were significantly higher in different serum 25(OH)D3 levels of children with asthma than those of the control group(all P <0.05).There were significant difference levels of MMP -9 in the serum and BALF among different serum 25(OH)D3 levels of children with asthma and the control group(all P <0.05).In children with asthma,the levels of 25(OH)D3 in serum were significantly negatively correlated with the percentages of neutrophils,eosinophils and epithelial cells in BALF (r =-0.683,-0.795,-0.670,all P <0.05 ),exiting a significantly negatively correlation also seen between the serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and MMP -9 (r =-0.796,P <0.05).Conclusions Children with asthma often have low levels of serum 25 -(OH)D3 ,25(OH)D3 and MMP -9 may be involved in airway inflammation and airway remo-deling in children with asthma,and they may involve in the occurrence and development of asthma.

Objective To study the compatibility of TCM prescriptions of TCM practitioners of all dynasties of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Amnesia, forgetting, dementia, and idiot were set as search words to retrieve relevant literature in Encyclopadia of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Prescription information was screened and standardized to build database. Frequency analysis and association rules were used to mine TCM prescriptions and compatibility rules. Results Totally 449 AD related prescriptions were selected, involving 682 Chinese medicinal herbs. The individual herb with the highest frequency was Ginseng Radix Rhizoma (192);the herbal pair with the highest frequency was Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Polyhalae Radix (182);the herbal combination with 3 Chinese medicinal herbs with the highest frequency was Poria with Hostwood-Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Polyhalae Radix (79);the herbal combination with 4 Chinese medicinal herbs with the highest frequency was Polyhalae Radix-Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Poria with Hostwood-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (37). The results of association rules showed that Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Polyhalae Radix, Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Poria with Hostwood were commonly used compatibilities in AD related prescriptions. Conclusion Treatment of TCM practitioners in all dynasties for AD mainly chooses Chinese medicinal herbs with the efficacy of tonifying qi and soothing nerves. The compatibilities and combinations are reasonable and with certain representativeness.

Objective To investigate the effect of butylphthalide (NBP) on H2S content and the expression of NR2B in the hippocampus of alcohol dependence rats. Methods A total of 84 SD male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Except for the normal group, other groups were subjected to alcohol solution with concentration of 6% ( V/V) for 28 d. Drug intervention began at the 14th day,and rats in the low,medium,high dose group were treated with NBP with a different concentration. Erden abstinence scoring was used to evaluate the rats withdrawal symptom. H2S content was measured in one side of hippocampus and CBS activity was tested in the other side of hippocampus. Hippocampus of 3 rats from each group was used to investigate NR2B mRNA level. Results Withdrawal symptom score ( 12.27 ± 1. 19),H2S content(30. 25 ±8.82), CBS activity (72. 44 ±7. 46) and NR2B mRNA expression( 19. 47 ±0. 86) in medium dose NBP group rats were lower than withdrawal symptom score(14.09 ±2.21) ,H2S content(44. 50 ±6. 65) , CBS activity(79. 06 ±4. 57) and NR2B mRNA expression (29. 13 ±1.39) in experimental control group (P<0.05). Withdrawal symptom score(12. 18 ±1.08) ,H2S content(33.00 ±5.38) ,CBS activity(67. 81 ±9. 37) and NR2B mRNA expression(23. 12 ± 1. 86) in high dose NBP group rats were lower than experimental control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion NBP can reduce withdrawal symptoms of alcohol dependence rats,may be related to decreased expression of H2S/CBS system, and NR2B mRNA expression.

Background Hemorrhagic shock is usually associated with complicated immune and inflammatory responses,which are sometimes crucial for the prognosis.As regulators of the immune and inflammatory system; proliferation,migration,distribution and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are intimately linked to the inflammation cascade.Methods In a model of severe hemorrhagic shock,thirty-five rats were randomly divided into control,sham,normal saline resuscitation (NS),hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS),and hydroxyethyl starch resuscitation (HES),with seven in each group.M DSCs were analyzed by flow cytometric staining of CD11b/c+Gra+ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC),spleen cell suspensions,and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC).Simultaneously,the expressions of arginase-1 (ARG-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in MDSCs were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock,fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment,the MDSCs in the PBMC of NS,HTS and HES groups markedly increased,and MDSCs in BMNC of these groups decreased accordingly,significantly different to the control group.In hemorrhagic shock rats infused with HTS at the early resuscitation stage,MDSCs in PBMC increased about 2 and 4 folds,and MDSCs in BMNC decreased about 1.3 and 1.6 folds,as compared to the sham group respectively,with statistically significant difference.Furthermore,compared to the NS and HES groups,the MDSCs in PBMC of HTS group increased 1.6 and 1.8 folds with statistically significant differences; the MDSCs decrease in BMNC was not significant.However,there was no statistically significant difference in MDSCs of spleen among the five groups.In addition,compared to the control,sham,NS and HES groups,the ARG-1 and iNOS mRNA of MDSCs in PBMC,spleen and BMNC in the HTS group had the highest level of expression,but no statistically significant differences were noted.Conclusions In this model of rat with severe and controlled hemorrhagic shock,small volume resuscitation with HTS contributes to dramatically early migration and redistribution of MDSCs from bone marrow to peripheral circulation,compared to resuscitation with NS or HES.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes, clinical features, therapy and treatment outcomes of recurrent hemoptysis in children and to improve the skills of pediatricians in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of recurrent hemoptysis in children.

METHODSThe clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of 39 children with recurrent hemoptysis between January 1996 and February 2013 were collected to retrospectively analyze the age of onset, etiology, amount of hemoptysis, imaging changes, treatment methods, and follow-up outcomes.

RESULTSIn the 39 children, including idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (16 cases, 41%), pulmonary vascular malformation (8 cases, 21%), pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (7 cases, 18%), bronchiectasis (3 cases, 8%), pulmonary tuberculosis (2 cases, 5%), pulmonary cystic fibrosis (2 cases, 5%), and lung tumor (1 case, 3%). The contrast-enhanced lung CT scans and pulmonary and bronchial arteriography revealed varying degrees of lung imaging changes in 35 cases. Of all cases, 51% were classified as degree I, 28% as degree II, and 21% as degree III. All children were treated according to the etiology, with the disease controlled. During 0.5-5 years of follow-up, 3 patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis were lost to follow-up, and the other cases did not develop hemoptysis again.

CONCLUSIONSIdiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is the main cause of recurrent hemoptysis in children. Contrast-enhanced lung CT scans and pulmonary and bronchial arteriography are important methods for the etiological diagnosis of recurrent hemoptysis in children. Treatment methods should be selected according to the etiology.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To study the PINK1 aggresome formation and it's features in response to proteasomal inhibition.Methods Full-length PINK1 cDNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)from fetus brain cDNA library and subcloned into the EcoR I and BamH I sites of the vector pEGFP- N1.The integrity of the constructs was confirmed by sequencing.COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with PINK1-pEGFP-N1 using Lipofectamine 2000.Cells were treated by MG-132 in order to test the effect of proteasome inhibition on aggregation formation.The protein level of wild-type PINK1 with or without MG-132 treatment was confirmed by Western blot analysis.The formation of PINK1 aggregates was tested by fluorescence and the presence of ubiquitin,and ?-synuclein in PINK1 aggregates was examined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.Results The expression level of PINK1 was significant increased into the form of aggregate in cells treated with MG-132;immunostaining for endogenous ubiquitin and ?-synuclein revealed a co-localization of both proteins in PINK1-positive aggregates.Conclusions In the presence of MG-132,overexpressed PINK1 forms into aggregates,whose components are ubiquitin and ?-synuclein.

BACKGROUNDHemorrhagic shock induces immune dysfunction. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), T-helper (Th) cells, and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) can execute many crucial actions in immune and inflammatory responses. This study was conducted to investigate the early pathophysiological changes of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and Th1/Th2, Tc1/Tc2 profiles in the peripheral blood of rats with controlled hemorrhagic shock and no fluid resuscitation.

METHODSA rat model of controlled hemorrhagic shock with no fluid resuscitation was established. Peripheral blood samples were taken before and four hours after hemorrhagic shock with no fluid resuscitation. Three color flow cytometry was used to detect Tregs, Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cells in the samples.

RESULTSIn the peripheral blood of rats, the percentage of Tregs four hours after hemorrhagic shock was significantly lower than before hemorrhagic shock (P = 0.001). The ratios of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 were changed from (23.08 ± 8.98)% to (23.91 ± 15.36)%, and from (40.40 ± 21.56)% to (65.48 ± 23.88)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSAt an early stage, the advent of hemorrhagic shock is related to an early decrease of Tregs, and a mild shift in the Th1/Th2, Tc1/Tc2 balance toward Th1 and Tc1 dominance. These changes are part of a hyper-inflammatory state of the host, and will deteriorate the maintenance of immune balance. Further influences and detailed mechanisms need to be investigated.

Animals ; CD4 Antigens ; metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; immunology ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; metabolism

Chlamydia trachomatis ; genetics ; Chlamydiaceae Infections ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genes, Viral ; genetics ; Gonorrhea ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Herpes Simplex ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Herpesvirus 2, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; genetics ; Ureaplasma Infections ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; genetics