The mechanisms by which emodin induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the proapoptotic effect of emodin on human NIH-H460 lung cancer cells and SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells was related to regulating RXR expression and function. MTT assay and DAPI staining were used to detect the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of emodin with or without 9-cis-retinoid acid on H460 and SMMC-7721. The reporter assay was used to detect the effect of emodin on RXR homo- and hetero-dimer transactivation. Competitive ligand binding assay was carried out to detect whether emodin could directly bind to RXR. The result showed that emodin could strongly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of both cancer cell lines, which could be antagonized by 9-cis-RA. The reporter assay showed that emodin could inhibit the transcriptional effect of the homo- and hetero-dimer transactivation of RXRalpha dose-dependently. However, in vitro binding assay did not show that emodin bind to RXRalpha-LBD directly. The findings suggest that exhibition of emodin its anti-cancer activity may be associated with involvement of RXRalpha signal transduction pathways.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Emodin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Retinoid X Receptor alpha ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Transcriptional Activation ; drug effects ; Tretinoin ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of stathmin gene and its coding protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore the relationship between stathmin gene and the biological behaviors of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma for understanding the tumorigenicity and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSLaryngeal carcinoma tissues (studying group) in the tumors center and laryngeal normal tissues (control group) parted from 1.0 cm of the safe borderline of the tumors were took from 38 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma while they were in operation. Semiquantitative method of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression level of stathmin mRNA, and immunohistochemical staining (frozen section) was used to detect the expressions of stathmin protein, in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and laryngeal normal tissues of 38 cases, respectively.

RESULTSmRNA of stathmin gene was all positively expressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and in laryngeal normal tissues of 38 cases by RT-PCR. However, stathmin mRNA was obviously overexpressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues than that in laryngeal normal tissues (t = 9.655, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed stathmin protein was positively expressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of 26 cases (26/38, 68.4%), and mild-positively expressed in laryngeal normal tissues in 13 cases (13/38, 34.2%). There was significant difference between the expression rate of stathmin protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and in laryngeal normal tissues (chi2 = 8.901, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of stathmin mRNA and the positive-expressed rate of stathmin protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of the advanced stage patients group (III stage and IV stage) were significantly higher than these in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of I and II stage patients group (t = 6.284, chi2 = 5.810, P < 0.05), and they were also significantly higher in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of the patients group with cervical lymph node metastasis than in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of the patients group without cervical lymph node metastasis (t = 9.350, chi2 = 6.923, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression levels of stathmin gene and protein were significantly higher in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma than these in laryngeal normal tissues, the levels are also significantly higher in advanced stage patients group (III stage and IV stage) than in the early stage patients group (I and II), and they are also related to the cervical lymph node metastasis of carcinoma. Stathmin gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma and may be related to its prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stathmin ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDAnterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) is characterized by a Th2 cell response. GATA-3 has been shown to be necessary for the activation of Th2 cells. This study was designed to examine the expression of GATA-3 in the development of ACAID.

METHODSACAID was induced by injection of 50 microg interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) into the anterior chamber (AC) of Wistar rats. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated on day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 after IRBP inoculation. GATA-3 expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining. The expression of GATA-3 mRNA at different time points after AC injection of IRBP was assayed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSA significant DTH reaction was observed in Wistar rats on day 3 and 5 after IRBP inoculation. The DTH reaction was decreased 7 days after IRBP inoculation. GATA-3 expression was weak at both mRNA and protein levels in the normal spleen, but was significantly increased on day 5, 7, 14, and 21 after AC injection of IRBP.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of GATA-3 is increased during ACAID, suggesting that GATA-3 may be involved in the development of ACAID.

Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; immunology ; Eye Proteins ; immunology ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinol-Binding Proteins ; immunology ; Spleen ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the value of 3D visualization technique in breast-preserving surgery for breast cancer with immediate breast reconstruction using laparoscopically harvested pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap.

METHODSFrom January, 2015 to May, 2016, 30 patients with breast cancer underwent breast-preserving surgery with immediate breast reconstruction using pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The CT data of the arterial phase and venous phase were collected preoperatively and imported into the self-developed medical image 3D visualization system for image segmentation and 3D reconstruction. The 3D models were imported into the simulation surgery platform for virtual surgery to prepare for subsequent surgeries. The cosmetic outcomes of the patients were evaluated 6 months after the surgery. Another 18 patients with breast cancer who underwent laparoscopic latissimus dorsi muscle breast reconstruction without using 3D visualization technique from January to December, 2014 served as the control group. The data of the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative appearance of the breasts were analyzed.

RESULTSThe reconstructed 3D model clearly displayed the anatomical structures of the breast, armpit, latissimus dorsi muscle and vessels and their anatomical relationship in all the 30 cases. Immediate breast reconstruction was performed successfully in all the cases with median operation time of 226 min (range, 210 to 420 min), a median blood loss of 95 mL (range, 73 to 132 mL). Evaluation of the appearance of the breast showed excellent results in 22 cases, good appearance in 6 cases and acceptable appearance in 2 cases. In the control group, the median operation time was 283 min (range, 256 to 313 min) and the median blood loss was 107 mL (range, 79 to 147 mL) with excellent appearance of the breasts in 10 cases, good appearance in 4 cases and acceptable appearance in 4 cases.

CONCLUSION3D reconstruction technique can clearly display the morphology of the latissimus dorsi and the thoracic dorsal artery, allows calculation of the volume of the breast and the latissimus dorsi, and helps in defining the scope of resection of the latissimus dorsi to avoid injuries of the pedicled vessels. This technique also helps to shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding, and improve the appearance of the reconstructed breast using pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap.

Objective To observe the efficacy of acupoint thread embedding in treating bronchial asthma in remission stage and how it controls the acute attack, the length of interval, and severity of symptoms during the attack. Method Thirty subjects were selected as the treatment group by using the random number table following the visiting sequence, to receive acupoint thread embedding plus Western medication; thirty cases in the control group were given Western medication alone, both for 3 months. The pulmonary function and eosinophil count were compared before and after the intervention, as well as the symptoms scores during the acute attack. Result There were significant differences in most parameters between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupoint thread embedding can produce a positive effect in preventing and treating bronchial asthma in remission stage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the herbs of Taraxacum mongolicum.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures elucidated mainly by NMR and MS evidences.

RESULTForty-four components were obtained and identified were as artemetin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3', 4', 7-trime-thyl ether (3), luteolin (4), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (6), genkwanin (7), isoetin (8), hesperetin (9), genkwanin-4'-O-beta-D-lutinoside (10), hesperidin (11), quercetin-7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), quercetin-3, 7-O-beta-D-diglucopyranoside (13), isoetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- 2'-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (14), isoetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (15), isoetin-7- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2'-O-beta-D-xyloypyranoside (16), caffeic acid (17), furulic acid (18), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (19), 3, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (20), 3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (21), 4, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (22), 1-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-phenyl-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (23), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (24), p-coumaric acid (25), 3, 5-dihydroxylbenzoic acid (26), gallic acid (27), gallicin (28), syringic acid (29), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (30), caffeic acid ethyl ester (31), esculetin (32), rufescidride (33), mongolicumin A [6, 9, 10-trihydroxy-benzoxanthene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid] (34), mongolicumin B [1 l-hydroxy-2-oxo-guaia-1 (10), 3, 5-trien-8, 12-lactone] (35), isodonsesquitin A (36), taraxacin (37), sesquiterpene ketolactone (38), taraxasteryl acetate (39), phi-taraxasteryl acetate (40) and lupenol acetate (41), palmitic acid (42), beta-sitosterol (43), and stigmasterol (44).

CONCLUSIONFour compounds (14, 15, 34 and 35) were new compounds, compounds 1, 3, 6-13, 20-22, 30 and 31 were isolated from this genus for the first time, while compounds 18, 23-29, 32 and 37-42 were obtained from this species for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Taraxacum ; chemistry

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive

In this study, the crude polysaccharides was extracted from Shengfupian and purified by Sevag deproteinization. Then, the purified neutral polysaccharide fragment was obtained by the DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 co-lumn. The structure of polysaccharides was characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Shengfupian polysaccharides, LPS was used to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The expression of the CD86 antibody on surface of M1 cells, the function of macrophages, and the content of NO and IL-6 in the supernatant were examined. An immunodepression model of H22 tumor-bearing mice was established, and the immunomodulatory activity of Shengfupian polysaccharides was evaluated based on the tumor inhibition rate, immune organ index and function, and serum cytokine levels. Research indicated that Shengfupian polysaccharides(80 251 Da) was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, and fructose with molar ratio of 0.004∶0.018∶0.913∶0.065. It was smooth and lumpy under the scanning electron microscope. In the concentration range of 25-200 μg·mL~(-1), Shengfupian polysaccharides exhibited little or no toxicity to RAW264.7 cells and could inhibit the polarization of cells to the M1 type and reduce the content of NO and IL-6 in the cell supernatant. It could suppress the phagocytosis of cells at the concentration of 25 μg·mL~(-1), while enhancing the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells within the concentration range of 100-200 μg·mL~(-1). The 200 mg·kg~(-1) Shengfupian polysaccharides could alleviate the spleen injury caused by cyclophosphamide, increase the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, and decrease the level of TNF-α in the serum of mice. In conclusion, Shengfupian polysaccharides has anti-inflammatory effect and weak immunomodulatory effect, which may the material basis of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia for dispelling cold and relieving pain.
Animals ; Mice ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry* ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

OBJECTIVETo survey the reporting quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) case reports published in recent years and understand the common problems. The assessment results would lay the foundation for the development of recommendations for case report in Chinese medicine.

METHODSThis survey determined the reporting quality of cases with Chinese herbal decoction, Chinese proprietary medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and other traditional therapies published in 20 core medical journals of China by searching the China Academic Journals Full-text Database from 2006 to 2010. Fifty survey items in 16 domains were used to determine the reporting quality. One point was assigned to each item (Yes=1 point; No=0 point), and total score was 50 points. The domain of treatment was assessed independently, ranging from 2 to 9 items for different TCM interventions.

RESULTSThe total of 1,858 case reports, covering 3,417 cases were included to analyze from 13 out of 20 core medical journals of China. There were 74.8% of them did not identify the nature of study in title, while 73.9% did not comprise an abstract. Incomplete reporting was found in discussions/ comment, and only 38.9% had made recommendations or take-away messages. Figures and tables were infrequently used. Three cases cited the full names of patients, but without declaring that any consent was obtained. Over 90% reported the symptoms and signs of TCM, and characteristics on tongue and pulse, but less than 50% did mention other medical history and diagnostic rationale. More than 90% treatments of the included cases were herbal decoction, with clear reporting on the ingredients and dosages. However, the reporting rate of the dosages of each ingredient was just 48.4%. Almost none reported the quality control of crude herbs, manufacturers and lot numbers of herbal proprietary medicine. Besides, advices and precautions on diet, emotions and living were rare to be illustrated.

CONCLUSIONSystematic reporting recommendations are urged to develop for improving the contents and format of case reports in TCM.

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Periodicals as Topic ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Research Report ; standards

Betacoronavirus ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; complications ; therapy ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control