This paper discussed the differences in teaching arrangement,material construction,teaching pattern, and teaching methods been used in medical microbiology teaching between China and the United State.

Abdomen ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Compartment Syndromes ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Animals ; Calcitriol ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Liver ; drug effects ; Liver Diseases ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The results of isolation,screening and identification of Bacillus subtilis strains which produced fibronolysion were reported in this paper.20 Bacillus subtilis strains were screened from different withered straw samples.Among them,FM-S1,FM-S2,FM-S6,FM-S8 and FM-S11 produce fibronolysin with higher activity.According to morphological,physiological and biochemical characters,the screened strains were confirmed to be Bacillus subtilis. For FM-S2,the production of fibronolysin type in solid fermentation was considered to be synchronous with growth.

In this article, an HPLC method for the contents determination of amino acids in Qihong Maitong injection was reported. In detailed, OPA-Fmoc pre-column derivatization was adopted, and related HPLC methods to determine the contents of amino acids was established. Linear relationship was well constructed for 17 amino acids through the method mentioned above. Briefly speaking, the optimized method was accurate and reproducible, and suitable for the determination of amino acids in Qihong Maitong injection and corresponding quality control.

This study was aimed to establish a separation method for neochlorogenic acid reference substances from Lonicera japonica. Refined neochlorogenic acid inL. japonica water extract was separated and concentrated by HPD200A macroporous resin, which was isolated and purified by medium-low-pressure preparative chromatography and determined by HPLC. The structure was identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS,1H-NMR and13C-NMR. The results showed that the optimal purification technology conditions were as follows: washed with 5BV of water, collected elution, concentration, drying; neochlorogenic acid crude products were eluted with acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid solution (10:90) with the flow rate of 20 mL·min-1; and the detection wavelength was 326 nm. The contents of the prepared neochlorogenic acid reached to 98.86% and the yield was 89.1%. It was concluded that the method was effective for the preparation of neochlorogenic acid with high purity. It can be used to prepare the reference substances for quantitative analysis and content determination of Chinese materia medica.

AIM: To study the effect of ligustrazine on the cardiacmyocyte lesion in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: Male Wistar rats were injected with STZ via tail vein under high-glucose and high-fat feeding for 4 weeks to establish the animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Ligustrazine at different doses was used to treat the diabetic rats.The body weight, blood glucose and the morphology of heart tissues were observed.The myocardial levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA, and the protein expression of IKKβ and NF-κB in the myocardium was determined by Westeren blotting.RESULTS: Ligustrazine at high dose alleviated the body weight reduction and blood glucose elevation cause by diabetes, and reduced pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6.Moreover, the protein expression of IKKβ and NF-κB was significant decreased by ligustrazine.CONCLUSION: Ligustrazine inhibits the myocardial inflammation caused by diabetes through anti-inflammatory pathway.

The dissolution of substrate is the key step in steroid microbial conversion.The formation of surfactant micelle with a hydrophobic center directly results in increased pseudo-water-solubilities of hydrophobic compounds such as steroids.Results showed increased water solubility of steroid with the increased surfactant concentrations.Compared to mono-surfactant PSE,less quantity of multiple surfactants PSE-MGE was required to achieve the enhancement of steroid solubility at the same level,thus the negative effects of surfactants on mycelial growth were reduced and steroid conversion was therefore improved more.It was also shown that the surfactants and ultrasonic irradiation used jointly could result in better substrate dispersion and dissolution than surfactants used alone,and the best result was obtained when the comparatively high intensity (12.4 W/cm 2) and short time (5min) of ultrasonic irradiation were performed.

In this paper, biomarkers of liver toxicity of Triptergium wilfordii based on metabolomics was screened, and mechanism of liver toxicity was explored to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis for liver toxicity of Triptergium wilfordii. MS method was carried on the analysis to metabolic fingerprint spectrum between treatment group and control group. The potential biomarkers were compared and screened using the multivariate statistical methods. As well, metabolic pathway would be detailed description. Combined with PCA and OPLS-DA pattern recognition analysis, 20 metabolites were selected which showed large differences between model group and blank group (VIP > 1.0). Seven possible endogenous biomarkers were analyzed and identified. They were 6-phosphate glucosamine, lysophospholipid, tryptophan, guanidine acetic acid, 3-indole propionic acid, cortisone, and ubiquinone. The level changes of above metabolites indicated that the metabolism pathways of amino acid, glucose, phospholipid and hormone were disordered. It is speculated that liver damage of T. wilfordii may be associated with the abnormal energy metabolism in citric acid cycle, amino acid metabolism in urea cycle, and glucose metabolism. It will be helpful to further research liver toxicity ingredients of Triptergium wilfordii.
Animals ; Celastraceae ; chemistry ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Toxicity of different processed was evaluated Polygoni Multiflori Radix by determining the hepatotoxic potency for selecting processing technology. Process Polygoni Multiflori Radix using high pressure steamed, Black Bean high pressure steamed, atmospheric steamed for different time. Using normal human hepatocytes (L02) as evaluation model, hepatotoxic potency as index to evaluate hepatotoxic potency of different processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Analysis chemical composition of some processed products by UPLC-MS. Hepatotoxic bioassay method cloud evaluate the toxicity of different Polygoni Multiflori Radix samples. Different processing methods can reduce the toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, high pressure steamed three hours attenuated was better. Different processing methods have different effects on chemical constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Comparing with crude sample, the contents of gallic acid, 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxyl diphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-beta glucoside and emodin were decreased in processed products with 3 kinds of different methods. The change trend of 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxyl diphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside content was similar with hepatotoxic potency. Different processing methods can reduce the toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Processing methods and time attenuated obvious impact on toxicity. Recommended further research on the attehuated standard control of Polygoni Multiflori Radix concocted.
Biological Assay ; Cell Line ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Fallopia multiflora ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; Humans ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; toxicity