Caveolae, specialized vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane ,have attracted increasing attentions to those who are studing siginal transduction .Many proteins involved in signal transduction have been found enriched in these microdomains.Caveolins,as marker proteins of caveolae,form a scaffold onto which many classes of signaling molecules can assemble at steady state or after ligand-induced activiton .In addition to concentrating these signal transducers within a distinct region of the plasma membrane ,caveolin binding may functionally regulate the activation state of caveolae-associated signaling molecules.Thus,an emerging notion is that caveolae are signaling processing centers which orchestrate signaling events at the cell surface that influence cell function .

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of severe purulent meningitis in neonates.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted.One hundred and sixty-nine newborns with purulent meningitis diagnosed at the neonatal center of our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were selected.According to the severity of the disease, the cases were divided into severe group and mild group.The clinical data of all children were collected and analyzed, and the characteristics of severe purulent meningitis were summarized.Results:Among 169 cases of neonatal purulent meningitis, 43 cases(25.4%)were in severe group, and 126 cases(74.6%)were in mild group.Twenty-one cases were cured in severe group, 10 cases had complications, 9 cases abandoned and 3 cases died.Ninty-eight cases were cured in the mild group, 17 cases had complications and 11 cases were discharged automatically and 2 cases died.There were significant differences in respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, convulsion, consciousness disorder, blood C-reactive protein, positive cerebrospinal fluid culture, severe abnormality of amplitude integrated electroencephalogram, cerebrospinal fluid/serum glucose ratio, the incidence rate of complications and mortality between two groups( P<0.05). Conclusion:Severe purulent meningitis not only has the manifestation of mild meningitis, but also often has the clinical characteristics of brain parenchymal damage and/or brain failure with more complications and higher mortality.

Background Alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) usually leads to blindness.Recently,study determined that vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) were the main regulating factors inducing angiogenesis,and canstatin proteins can inhibit the growth of VEGF and bFGF and thereby inhibit CNV growth.Objective The present study was to investigate the effect of recombinant canstatin protein on mouse CNV induced by alkali burn and its mechanism.Methods CNV models were induced in the right eyes of 40 female BALB/c mice by sticking the 2.0 mm filtering paper with 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 10 seconds.The animals then were randomized into two groups.Recombinant canstatin protein drops(5 mg/L) was topically administered 4 times daily in the mice of the experimental group,and normal saline solution was used at the same way in the control group.Corneas of the mice were examined under the slit lamp to calculate the CNV area 1 day,3,7,14 days after modeling.The mice were sacrificed at above time points and corneas were obtained.The expressions of VEGF protein and bFGF protein in cornea were detected by Western blot,and the results were analyzed by enhanced chemiluminescence(ECL).The use of the experimental animals complied with the Instructive Notions with Respect to Caring for Laboratory Animals by State Ministry of Science and Technology.Results In 3,7 and 14 days after establishment of models,the area of CNV was (1.98-0.31) mm2,(6.21 ±0.44) mm2 and (9.83±0.72) mm2 in the experimental group,and that in the control group was (2.92 ± 0.41) mm2,(8.04 ± 0.56) mm2 and (11.78 ±0.84) mm2,showing significant reduce in the mice treated with recombinant canstatin protein(t3d =4.332,P=0.005 ;t7 d =11.729,P =0.000 ;t14 d =14.562,P =0.000).Western blot analysis showed that there was significant increase in the gray scale of VEGF protein 1 day,3,7,14 days following alkali burn in the experimental group compared with the control group(t1 d =-3.980,P＜0.001 ;t3d =-10.020,P＜0.001 ;t7d =-4.355,P＜0.001 ;t14 d =-8.156,P＜0.001),and the gray scale of bFGF was significantly ascent at various time points in the the experimental in comparison with the control groups (t1 d =-3.488,P＜0.001 ; t3 d =-2.124,P =0.013; t7 d =-1.977,P =0.028; t14 d =-4.542,P＜0.001).Conclusions Topical application of recombinant canstatin protein drops inhibits CNV growth induced by alkali burn by down-regulating the expressions of VEGF and bFGF proteins.

Objective To investigate the value on clinical application of dynamic and combined detection of serum tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),Golgi protein 73 (GP73),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) in early diagnosis and monitoring treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Serum levels of AFP,GP73,VEGF,AFU in 98 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (the malignant group) before and 3 months after treatment were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,which compared with the levels of 50 liver benign lesions (the benign group) and 50 healthy subjects (the normal group).Results The levels of serum AFP,GP73,VEGF,AFU in the malignant group before treatment were (219.16 ± 56.89) μg/L,(355.42 ± 109.26) μg/L,(88.21 ±24.22) μg/L,(276.51 ±83.20) U/L.These indexes in the benign group were (14.95 ± 3.26) μ g/L,(56.43 ± 15.72) μ g/L,(2.68 ± 1.27) μ g/L,(25.38 ± 11.17)U/L.These indexes in the normal group were (14.67 ± 3.07) μ g/L,(55.06 ± 14.21) μ g/L,(2.36 ± 1.14) μ g/L,(24.29 ± 10.10) U/L.There were statistical differences between the malignant group and the benign group,normal group (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of these indexes after treatment in the malignant group were (25.66 ±8.17) μg/L,(65.32 ±24.15) μg/L,(4.67 ± 1.89) μg/L,(35.23 ± 12.36) U/L,there were statistical differences between before treatment and after treatment (P ＜ 0.01).The sensitivity and accuracy of combined detection of these tumor markers in diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma were 95.92％ (94/98) and 93.24％(138/148),which were statistically higher than single detection(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The dynamic and combined detection of serum tumor markers could be applied as supplementary means in early diagnosis and monitoring treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Objective]To explore the allograft,as a substitute for autograft,whether can be used to repair the defect of the tendon and restore the stability of joint and the dynamic biomechanical changes of allograft after transplantation.[Method]Deep-frozen allogeneic achilles tendons of rabbits were used as treatment group,and autogenous ones as control.The achilles tendon defects of back limbs were repaired by allograft and autograft separately.The macroscopic,microscopic observation and biomechanical test were performed on both of them before transplantation and in 2,4 and 8 weeks after transplantation.[Result]It was showed that there were no differences in macroscopy,microscopy and mechanical strength between allograft and autograft both before and after transplantation.They may have experienced the similar healing course.The mechanical strength of allograft(except failure strain) was reduced significantly after transplantation.But it had a rising trend with time passing,although it was fairly low in 8 weeks compared with the normal such as maximum load.[Conclusion]The results demonstrate that the deep-frozen allograft can substitute for autograft in repairing the tendon defect,and because of the weakness of allograft after transplantation,it needs appropriate protection to prevent failure by excessive strain in early stage.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-?(PPAR?) agonist on aldosterone-induced mesangial cell(MC) proliferation.Methods Mouse primary MC were cultured and treated with aldosterone(100 nmol/L) in the presence or absence of rosiglitazone(1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0 ?mol/L).The incorporation of 3H-thymidine(3H-TdR) and cell count were used as the measure of MC proliferation.Cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression,PI3K and Akt phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis.Results 1.Aldosterone induced MC proliferation,as assessed by 3H-TdR incorporation and cell number,which were increased by 2.46-and 2.14-fold,respectively,in aldosterone-treated cells.Aldosterone-induced MC proliferation was inhibited by PPAR? agonist rosiglitazone in dose-dependent manner in mouse MC.2.Aldosterone induced cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression.Rosiglitazone reduced aldosterone-induced cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression in dose-dependent manner.3.Aldosterone induced PI3K/Akt activation in dose-dependent manner,incubation with 100 nmol/L aldosterone for 60 min,phosphorylation PI3K and Akt expression increased by above 3.0-fold.4.PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Akt inhibitor significantly inhibited aldosterone-induced cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression.5.Rosiglitazone significantly inhibited aldosterone-induced PI3K/Akt activation,10 ?mol/L rosiglitazone almost completely blocked aldosterone-induced PI3K/Akt activation.Conclusion Rosiglitazone can block aldosterone-induced MC proliferation via inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation.

Objective To investigate the effect of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) specific inhibitor SP600125 on Angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)-induced transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and fibronectin (FN) expression in human mesangial cells (MC).Methods Human MC were isolated and cultured in vitro and were treated with AngⅡ in the presence or absence of JNK specific inhibitor SP600125.The protein was isolated or the supernate of medium was collected at the end of experiment.JNK,extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK1/2),and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity were determined by Western blot method.TGF-?1 and FN were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results SP600125 inhibited AngⅡ-induced Ser63 phosphorylation of c-Jun in a concentration-dependent manner,and JNK activity was reduced by 75% at 10 ?mol/L and by 90% at 20 ?mol/L.SP600125 had no effect on AngⅡ-induced ERK1/2 and p38 activity.TGF-?1 and FN protein were constitutively produced in MC,and production was significantly stimulated for 8 to 48 h after addition of AngⅡ.Preincubation of cells with SP600125(20 ?mol/L) significantly inhibited AngⅡ-induced TGF-?1 and FN production during this time period.SP600125 inhibited AngⅡ-induced production of TGF-?1 and FN in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion SP600125 inhibited AngⅡ-induced JNK activation and TGF-?1 and FN expression in human MC and may serve as the novel approach for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Relevant literatures on the relationship betw een fluorosis and oxidative stress were reviewed.Based on most of the original papers published in recent years,we can see the increased free radicals and oxidative stress may occur in certain stage of fluoride intoxication,but confirmation of the causality between oxidative stress and fluoride-induced damages still remains much work to do.

Background It is very important for us to understand retinal function change in the patient with diabetic mellitus in clinic. At present,the study about diabetic mellitus associated with macular edema includes fundus fluorescense angiography ( FFA) and multifocal electroretinogram ( mfERG) etc.. However, seldom research is performed in the mfERG findings for different types of diabetic macular edema. Objective This study aimed to investigate the mfERG change in different types of diabetic macular edema compared with normal population. Methods Fifty-seven eyes with diabetic macular edema from 40 patients and 35 eyes from age-and gender-matched normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The eyes with diabetic macular edema were assigned to local macular edema group (n=16) ,diffuse macular edema group (n = 22) and cystoid macular edema ( n = 17 ) based on the manifestation of FFA. MfERG was recorded in all the individuals. The informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any the medical examination. Results In focal diabetic macular edema group,the response density of P1 wave was significantly attenuated in ring 1 , showing a statistical difference in comparison with controls (t =2. 170,P = 0.038) ,and the latencies of P1 and N1 waves showed obvious prolong in ring 4 and 5 (t = 2.519,P = 0. 017 ;t = 2. 451 ,P = 0. 020). In diffuse diabetic macular edema group,the response densities of P1 and N1 waves were declined in ring 1,3,5 and ring 1,3,4,5 respectively,and the latencies of P, in ring 3,4 were significantly delayed respectively in comparison with controls (all P < 0. 05 ). In cystoid diabetic macular edema group, the response densities of P1 and N1 waves were lowed from ring 1 through 5 respectively, and the latencies of P1 and N1 waves were significantly longer from ring 3 through 5 and ring 4 respectively with the statistically significant difference from controls (all P<0. 05). The visual function of fovea was badly damaged. Conclusion These studies indicate that the most serious damage of visual function is in foveal area in cystoid diabetic macular edema group, and is then parafoveal area of diffuse diabetic macular edema group and perifoveal area in focal diabetic macular edema group. The outcome of mfERG presents a good consistency with FFA findings in the patients with diabetic macular edema.

Background Silicon oil tamponade eyes following vitrectomy accelerate and induce lens opacification,so the accurate measurement and calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) diopter before cataract extraction+ IOL implantation is very important for the recovery of visual function.Objective This study was to compare the differences of IOL powers measured and calculated by different apparatus and different IOL power formulas before cataract extraction + IOL implantation silicon oil tamponade combined with cataractous eyes.Methods A prospective,consecutive,nonrandomized study was performed.Thirty-six silicon oil tamponade with cataract eyes of 36 patients were included in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2011 to October 2013.Patients with silicone oil emulsification for 4 months to 2 years prepared to treat by cataract extraction + IOL implantation+silicon oil removal.Axial length (AL),corneal curvature (CC) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured with IOLMaster and A-scan with manual kerameter (MK) in the eyes for the prediction of IOL power by SRK-Ⅱ,SRK/T,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1 and Haigis formulas under the oral informed consent.The mean predictive error (MPE) and mean absolute refractive error (MAE) between predictive IOL diopters before operation and actual IOL diopters after operation were evaluated.Results The AL and ACD values measured by IOLMaster was (25.43± 0.90)mm and (3.22±0.38)mm,which were significantly higher than (25.21±1.02)mm and (3.07±0.62) mm by A-scan+ MK respectively,the difference between the two measure methods was statistical significance (both at P =0.000).No significant difference was found in measured CC values between IOLMaster and A-scan+MK ([44.58±1.57] D vs.[44.56±1.62] D) (P=0.568).When the parameters measured by IOLMaster were used,the MAE from SRK/T formula was smaller than that from SRK-Ⅱ,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1 and Haigis formulas (P =0.017,0.009,0.012,0.001),and the MAE from Haigis formula was significantly larger than that from SRK-Ⅱ,Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 formulas (P =0.026,0.035,0.021).When measured by A-scan + MK,the MAE from Haigis formula was significantly larger than that from SRK-Ⅱ,SRK/T,Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 formulas (P=0.007,0.004,0.018,0.006).There was no significant difference in the number of eyes with MAE ≤ 1.0 D between IOLMaster and A-scan+MK measurements under the calculation of SRK-Ⅰ,SRK/T,Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 formulas (x2 =0.107,2.250,0.845,0.084,all at P＞0.05).However,the number of eyes with MAE ≤ 1.0 D was significantly increased in IOLMaster measurement compared with A-scan+MK under the calculation of Haigis formula (x2 =4.431,P =0.035).Conclusions In silicon oil-filled cataract eyes,SRK/T formula appears to have a more accurate predictive value of IOL power than that of other formulas when employ IOLMaster;when use A-scan+MK measurement,the predictive value of IOL power seems to be better by using SRK-Ⅱ,SRK/T,Holladay 1 or Hoffer Q formulas.