AIM: To explore correlation,consistency and comfort between traditional tear film examination methods and Oculus Keratograph.METHODS: A retrospective study.Totally 101 cases (101 eyes) were diagnosed myopia and then accepted LASEK (laser epithelial keratomileusis).Non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT),lower tear meniscus height(LTMH) were measured with Oculus Keratograph,fluorescein tear film break-up time(fl-BUT) and Schimer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) were performed on all cases.The correlations analysis between NIBUT and fl-BUT,LTMH and SⅠt were performed by Spearman rank correlation,consistency check between NIBUT and fl-BUT by Bland-Altman analysis.Visual analogue scale(VAS) was applied on evaluating the comfort of two kinds of examination methods.RESULTS: LTMH and SⅠt showed positive correlation (rs=0.346,P=0.001).NIBUT and fl-BUT showed positive correlation (rs=0.393,P=0.001),95% consistency limits range-9.62 to 14.18 in Bland-Altman Figure.There was significant difference between VAS of NIBUT and VAS of fl-BUT(z=-2.324,P=0.020).There was significant difference between VAS of LTMH and VAS of SⅠt (z=-8.845,P=0.001).CONCLUSION: Oculus Keratograph can objectively measure NIBUT and LTMH,and was more comfortable than traditional tear film examination methods.It can effectively assess tear film function before corneal refractive surgery.

AIM:To investigate the difference of non - invasive tearfilm break - up time (NIBUT) by Keratograph 5M beforeand after forced eye opening in healthy individuals.METHODS: Prospective case self - control study. Fortynormal volunteers (79 eyes ) were enrolled. Tear filmimages were captured, non-invasive first tear film breakuptime(NIBUTf ), non- invasive average tear film breakuptime (NIBUTav ) and dry eye level were measured byKeratograph 5M automatically before and after forced eyeopening in each subject. For the first time, we checkedthe left eye after the right eye, and the second timechecked the right eye after the left eye.RESULTS: The average of NIBUTf and NIBUTav were9 18士5. 52s, 11. 74 士5. 59s respectively and percentage ofevery level of dry eye were 43% , 37% , 20% respectivelybefore forced eye opening. The average of NIBUTf andNIBUTav were 8. 91士5. 54s, 11. 76士5. 58s and percentage ofdry eye at different levels were 35% , 48% , 16%respectively after forced eye opening. There was nosignificant difference on NIBUT and dry eye level byOculus keratograph 5M in normal subjects (t = 0. 37, P =0 72; t = -0. 038, P = 0. 97; Z = -0. 42, P = 0. 68).CONCLUSION: There is no influence on NIBUT and dryeye level by detected Keratograph 5M before and afterforced eye opening in healthy subjects.

Aim To investigate the influence of inhibi-tory nanocomposite on EC-9706 cells and the effect of nanocomposite on ESCCAL _ 1 LncRNA expression, siRNA-loaded nanocomposite being prepared as non-vi-rus delivery system Methods Mesoporous silica nano-particles were prepared by sol-gel method under room temperature and coated by cationic polymerpolyethylen-imine (PEI)on the surface to stay positive charge, which could facilitate its combination with negatively charged ESCCAL _ 1 siRNA. The size and surface charge of nanocomposite were determined by laser par-ticle analyzer and TEM. The inhibitory rate of nanopar-ticles on EC-9706 cells was detected by MTT methods. Entrapment efficiency was determined by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis. The uptake-siRNA was detected by flu-orescence microscope. The expression of ESCCAL _1 LncRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results The MSNP appeared to have a high dispensability and hom-ogeneous size by particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The formed nanoparticles had a surface mesoporous diameter of 3 ~ 5 nm. The proliferation of ESCCAL_1 was inhibited significantlly (P < 0. 05),and the 72h inhibitory rate was (54. 93 ± 2. 6)%;the siRNA loading could be effectively up-taken by EC-9706 cells;ESCCAL_1 silencing efficien-cy was 69. 5% . Conclusions The tumor targeting nanocomposite with high encapsulation efficiency is prepared. The proliferation of esophageal cancer EC-9706 cells can be effectively inhibited by anocompos-ite-mediated siRNA,and the expression of ESCCAL_1 is effectively silenced in EC-9706 cells. The nanocom-posite is an efficient gene delivery system and may have potential application in gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the features and influencing factors of self-discrimination among patients with HIV/AIDS according to sex. Methods A total of 2 432 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia provinces by a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, based on HIV epidemic and transmission modes, from May 2013 to October 2013. All participants were ≥18 years old, and we excluded those with mental disorders, hearing loss or other factors that prevented them from properly answering questions, and those who were unwilling to participate. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to collect information about self-discrimination features and social behavior changes among HIV/AIDS patients. Differences in performance and self-discrimination features between participants of different sexes were compared using the chi-squared test. Factors influencing self-discrimination were analyzed by sex, using unconditional logistic regression. Results Of the 2 432 cases, 78.9%(1 918 cases) were male and 21.1%(514 cases) female. The proportion of self-discrimination overall was 76.1%(1 850 cases);this proportion among female HIV/AIDS patients was 80.5%(414 cases), which was higher than that among men (74.9%, 1 436 cases) (χ2=7.17, P=0.007). Of the 11 forms of self-discrimination performance, proportions of feeling guilt, shame, and self-abasement among participants were greater than 50%. Proportions of feeling shame, inferiority, and blaming others among females were 61.3%, 59.5%, and 45.3%, respectively, which were higher than these among males (49.8%, 50.0%, 28.4%, respectively) (P<0.01). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of self-discrimination among those with HIV confirmatory testing time≥1 year was higher than those with HIV confirmatory testing time<1 year (females:OR=35.67, 95%CI:17.28-73.64;males:OR=8.74, 95%CI:6.79-11.25). Compared with other occupations, the risk of self-discrimination among male farm workers was higher (OR=1.62, 95%CI:1.03-2.54). The risks of self-discrimination in males who had been infected with HIV by transmission routes of blood transfusion or blood collection (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.31-4.30), injection drug use (OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.09-2.91), and male-to-male sexual behavior (OR=1.48, 95%CI:1.08-2.03) were higher than in males infected via heterosexual behavior. Conclusion Female HIV/AIDS patients are more likely to engage in self-discrimination than male patients. Self-discrimination mainly takes the form of feeling remorse, shame, and inferiority. Confirmatory testing time≥1 year, occupation as a farm work, and routes of transmission via blood transfusion or collection, injection drug use, and male-to-male sexual behavior are influencing factors of self-discrimination among male HIV/AIDS patients. Confirmatory testing time ≥1 year is the influencing factor of self-discrimination among female HIV/AIDS patients.

Objective To investigate the features and influencing factors of self-discrimination among patients with HIV/AIDS according to sex. Methods A total of 2 432 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia provinces by a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, based on HIV epidemic and transmission modes, from May 2013 to October 2013. All participants were ≥18 years old, and we excluded those with mental disorders, hearing loss or other factors that prevented them from properly answering questions, and those who were unwilling to participate. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to collect information about self-discrimination features and social behavior changes among HIV/AIDS patients. Differences in performance and self-discrimination features between participants of different sexes were compared using the chi-squared test. Factors influencing self-discrimination were analyzed by sex, using unconditional logistic regression. Results Of the 2 432 cases, 78.9%(1 918 cases) were male and 21.1%(514 cases) female. The proportion of self-discrimination overall was 76.1%(1 850 cases);this proportion among female HIV/AIDS patients was 80.5%(414 cases), which was higher than that among men (74.9%, 1 436 cases) (χ2=7.17, P=0.007). Of the 11 forms of self-discrimination performance, proportions of feeling guilt, shame, and self-abasement among participants were greater than 50%. Proportions of feeling shame, inferiority, and blaming others among females were 61.3%, 59.5%, and 45.3%, respectively, which were higher than these among males (49.8%, 50.0%, 28.4%, respectively) (P<0.01). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of self-discrimination among those with HIV confirmatory testing time≥1 year was higher than those with HIV confirmatory testing time<1 year (females:OR=35.67, 95%CI:17.28-73.64;males:OR=8.74, 95%CI:6.79-11.25). Compared with other occupations, the risk of self-discrimination among male farm workers was higher (OR=1.62, 95%CI:1.03-2.54). The risks of self-discrimination in males who had been infected with HIV by transmission routes of blood transfusion or blood collection (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.31-4.30), injection drug use (OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.09-2.91), and male-to-male sexual behavior (OR=1.48, 95%CI:1.08-2.03) were higher than in males infected via heterosexual behavior. Conclusion Female HIV/AIDS patients are more likely to engage in self-discrimination than male patients. Self-discrimination mainly takes the form of feeling remorse, shame, and inferiority. Confirmatory testing time≥1 year, occupation as a farm work, and routes of transmission via blood transfusion or collection, injection drug use, and male-to-male sexual behavior are influencing factors of self-discrimination among male HIV/AIDS patients. Confirmatory testing time ≥1 year is the influencing factor of self-discrimination among female HIV/AIDS patients.

·AIM: To evaluate the effect of bupivacaine in non-catheter infiltration anesthesia during vitretomy operation.·METHODS:Fifty-eight patients (58 eyes) with vitreous retinal surgery were selected. Patients were randomly divided into observation group ( 28 eyes ) and control group ( 30 eyes ) . The observation group were received non-catheter infiltration anesthesia. The control group were received traditional Sub- Tenon's block ( STB ) . Degree of pain, basic vital signs, the duration of anesthesia and analgesia grade were recorded and compared between two groups.·RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS - 11 scoring ) of anesthesia process, sclera incision, intraocular operation and the end of operation between two groups (P>0. 05). The difference were not significant in heart rate and blood pressure between two groups(P>0. 05). There was statistically significant difference in the duration of anesthesia between two groups (P<0. 05).·CONCLUSION: Both groups can provide the same anesthetic effect. Compared to STB, non - catheter infiltration anesthesia takes short time, and it is a safe and effective anesthesia methods. In addition, compare to the mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine injection, bupivacaine injection can provide the same anesthetic effect.

Objective To investigate the quality of life and its related factors among HIV/AIDS patients from HIV serodiscordant couples in Zhoukou city of Henan province.Methods During January to May in 2015, by the convenience sample, World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for Brief Version (WHOQOL?BREF) (Chinese version) and a self?edited questionnaire were used to investigate 1 251 HIV/AIDS patients who were confirmed with HIV positive by local CDC, registered in“HIV serodiscordant family”and agreed to participate in a face?to?face interview with above 18 year?old based on the local CDC , township hospitals and village clinics of 9 counties and 1 district of Zhoukou city, excluding the HIV/AIDS patients who were in divorce, death by one side, unknowing about his HIV status, with mental illness and disturbance of consciousness, incorrectly understanding the content of the questionnaire, and reluctant to participate in this study. The scores of quality of life of physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental domain were calculated. The related factors of the scores of different domains were analyzed by Multiple Two Classification Unconditioned Logistic Regression. Results The scores of investigation objects in the physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental domain were 12.00± 2.02, 12.07 ± 2.07, 11.87 ± 1.99, and 11.09 ± 1.84, respectively. The multiple Unconditioned Logistic Regression analysis indicated that age <40 years, on ART and no other sickness in last two weeks were beneficial factors associated with physical domain with OR (95%CI): 0.61 (0.35-1.06), 0.52 (0.30-0.90), and 1.66 (1.09-2.52), respectively. The possibility of no poverty and no other sickness in last two weeks increased to 0.15(0.09-0.26) and 1.57(1.06-2.33) times of those who was in poverty and with other sickness in last two weeks in physical domain. The possibility of participants who were below 40 years old and with children increased to 0.58 (0.34-0.98) and 0.37 (0.23-0.57) times of who were above 40 years old and without children in psychological domain. The factors of with AIDS related symptoms, no children and with other sickness in last two week were found to be significantly associated with environmental domain with OR (95%CI):0.65 (0.48-0.88), 0.66 (0.51-0.85), and 0.65 (0.51-0.84), respectively . Conclusion The scores of every domain of quality of life in HIV serodiscordant couples of Zhoukou city were good. Age, whether having AIDS related symptoms, whether to accept ART , children, status of poverty, and whether suffering from other diseases in last two weeks were the main factors associated with the quality of life .

Objective To investigate the quality of life and its related factors among HIV/AIDS patients from HIV serodiscordant couples in Zhoukou city of Henan province.Methods During January to May in 2015, by the convenience sample, World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for Brief Version (WHOQOL?BREF) (Chinese version) and a self?edited questionnaire were used to investigate 1 251 HIV/AIDS patients who were confirmed with HIV positive by local CDC, registered in“HIV serodiscordant family”and agreed to participate in a face?to?face interview with above 18 year?old based on the local CDC , township hospitals and village clinics of 9 counties and 1 district of Zhoukou city, excluding the HIV/AIDS patients who were in divorce, death by one side, unknowing about his HIV status, with mental illness and disturbance of consciousness, incorrectly understanding the content of the questionnaire, and reluctant to participate in this study. The scores of quality of life of physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental domain were calculated. The related factors of the scores of different domains were analyzed by Multiple Two Classification Unconditioned Logistic Regression. Results The scores of investigation objects in the physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental domain were 12.00± 2.02, 12.07 ± 2.07, 11.87 ± 1.99, and 11.09 ± 1.84, respectively. The multiple Unconditioned Logistic Regression analysis indicated that age <40 years, on ART and no other sickness in last two weeks were beneficial factors associated with physical domain with OR (95%CI): 0.61 (0.35-1.06), 0.52 (0.30-0.90), and 1.66 (1.09-2.52), respectively. The possibility of no poverty and no other sickness in last two weeks increased to 0.15(0.09-0.26) and 1.57(1.06-2.33) times of those who was in poverty and with other sickness in last two weeks in physical domain. The possibility of participants who were below 40 years old and with children increased to 0.58 (0.34-0.98) and 0.37 (0.23-0.57) times of who were above 40 years old and without children in psychological domain. The factors of with AIDS related symptoms, no children and with other sickness in last two week were found to be significantly associated with environmental domain with OR (95%CI):0.65 (0.48-0.88), 0.66 (0.51-0.85), and 0.65 (0.51-0.84), respectively . Conclusion The scores of every domain of quality of life in HIV serodiscordant couples of Zhoukou city were good. Age, whether having AIDS related symptoms, whether to accept ART , children, status of poverty, and whether suffering from other diseases in last two weeks were the main factors associated with the quality of life .

Objective: To examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with frailty among oldest-old adults in China. Methods: A total of 7 987 people aged 80 years and older (oldest-old) who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2017-2018 were included. Information on demographic characteristics, behavior pattern, diet, activities of daily living, cognitive function, health status, disease condition were collected by questionnaire and physical examination. Generalized linear mixed model and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the association of BMI and WC with frailty. Results: The mean age of all participants was 91.7 years, and their mean BMI and WC were (21.3±3.5) kg/m² and (82.9±10.5) cm, respectively. The proportion of male was 42.3% (3 377/7 987), and the proportion of people with frailty was 33.7% (2 664/7 987). After controlling confounding factors, compared with T₂ (19.1-22.1 kg/m²) of BMI, the OR (95%CI) of the female T₁ (<19.1 kg/m²) and T₃ (≥22.2 kg/m²) group was 1.39 (1.17-1.65) and 1.27 (1.07-1.52), respectively. Compared with T₂ (77-85 cm) of WC, the OR (95%CI) of female T₁ (<77 cm) and T₃ (≥86 cm) group was 1.20 (1.01-1.42) and 1.10 (0.93-1.31), respectively. The results of multiple linear regression model with restrictive cubic spline showed that there was a non-linear association of BMI and WC with frailty in female. Conclusion: There is a U-shaped association of BMI and WC with frailty in female participants.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged, 80 and over ; Waist Circumference ; Body Mass Index ; Frailty/epidemiology* ; Activities of Daily Living ; China/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) on the mortality and early complications of premature infants. Methods: The general clinical data of preterm infants with gestational age 24-36^{+ 6} weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014.According to the severity of HDCP, the infants were divided into 4 groups: HDCP group, preeclampsia group, eclampsia group and non HDCP group, the mortality and major complications of preterm infants were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of preterm in the HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=9.970, P=0.019). Eclampsia had a highest fatality rate (4.8%) in the early stage, compared with non HDCP group (2.2%), and the difference was statistically significant.Comparison of HDCP group (1.8%) and eclampsia group (3.2%) suggested that there was no statistically significant difference.The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=13.241, P=0.004). Eclampsia group showed the highest incidence (35.4%), compared with non HDCP group (16.2%), the difference was statistically significant, but compared with HDCP group (19.9%), preeclampsia group (17.1%), there was no significant diffe-rence.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group (χ²=9.592, P=0.022), the highest incidence showed up in eclampsia group (9.7%), compared with non HDCP group (2.0%) and HDCP group (1.7%), the difference was statistically significant.But there was no statistically significant difference, compared with preeclampsia group.As the degree of HDCP aggravated, the incidence of BPD gradually rose.There was no significant impact on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and sepsis of HDCP (χ²=7.054, 7.214, 0.358, 3.852; P=0.070, 0.065, 0.949, 0.278). Considering the overall outcome of the child, that was, whether the child died or survived, he had at least one complication, and HDCP had an effect on it (χ²=15.697, P=0.001), so the incidence increased while the degree of HDCP rose gradually.After adjusting gestational age, birth weight, sex, way of delivery, placental abruption and front placenta, prenatal hormonal, gestational diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and other factors, the results displayed that HDCP was the factor leading to the death of premature baby (OR=2.159, 95%CI: 1.093-4.266), and comparison between preeclampsia and eclampsia showed no statistical difference (P=0.714, 0.389); HDCP had no significant influence on RDS, BDP, ICH, NEC, ROP and sepsis. Conclusions HDCP leads to increased risk of premature death, but also leads to the increased incidence of RDS and BPD, but it had no obvious effect on NEC, ROP, IVH, sepsis and other complications.