Objective To analyse the cause,therapeutic modalities and prognosis of late recurrent retinal detachment after scleral buckling.Methods A total of 657 patients(657 eyes) underwent scleral buckling,and the clinical data of 16 patients(16 eyes) with recurrent retinal detachment 6 months after the procedure were retrospectively analysed. ResultsLate recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 6 to 45 months after primary surgery,(23.87?18.46)months in average,in 2.44% of all the patients.Among the 16 patients with recurrent retinal detachment,11 experienced new retinal breaks,and old breaks reopened in the other 5.Proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) grade B was found in 4 patients,grade C in 10,and grade D in 2.Fifteen patients were reoperated,among whom 4 received scleral buckling,and the other 11 vitreoretinal surgery.After reoperation,the retina was reattached in 13 cases.The patients were followed up for 4 to 16 months,and no new recurrence was observed. Conclusion Late recurrent retinal detachment after scleral buckling is rare and PVR seems to be an important factor.Reoperation based on the vitreoretinal condition can yield better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the distribution,epidemiologic features and antibiotic resistance of the enteric pathogens i-solated from children with diarrhea.Methods Enteric pathogens were isolated from children’s stool samples.The children with diarrhea were treated in the outpatient and inpatient of Shanghai Children’s Hospital between 2008 and 2013.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by disk diffusion method for Salmonella and Shigella with 6 antimicrobial agents.Results A total of 545 enteric pathogens were collected.Salmonella was the dominant pathogen,accounting for 67.2%,followed by Shigella (20.7%),S.aureus (4.6%),C.jejuni (3.7%),Aeromonas (2.4%),and enteropathogenic E.coli (0.9%).The main serotypes of Salmonella were S.typhimurium and S.enteritidis.Approximately 56.3% of the patients were boys.A-bout 72.7% of the patients were infants under 2 years.The prevalence of diarrhea peaked in summer and autumn (72.9%). The susceptibility of these isolates was only tested with seven antibiotics.Shigella showed higher level of resistance to ampicil-lin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than Salmonella (P<0.05).Significantly higher percentage of S.flexneri isolates were resistant to sulbactam-ampicillin,ceftriaxone,ciprofloxacin,and chloramphenicol than S.sonnei (P<0.001).Further-more,the prevalence of multidrug resistant strains in Shigella (68.3%)was much higher than that in Salmonella (44.7%,P<0.001).Conclusions A variety of diarrhea-causing enteric pathogens are isolated from the children in Shanghai Children’s Hospital.The isolates are predominantly Salmonella and Shigella species.The epidemiological features of Salmonella and Shigella species are different in terms of gender,age,season and geographical distribution.The resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem and varies with different types of pathogens. Intensive and ongoing surveillance of enteric pathogens and their changing resistant pattern is required to control diar-rhea in children.

Multi-component traditional Chinese medicines are an innovative research mode for traditional Chinese medicines. Currently, there are many design methods for developing multi-component traditional Chinese medicines, but their common feature is the lack of effective connection of the traditional Chinese medicine theory. In this paper, the authors discussed the multi-component traditional Chinese medicine design methods based on medicinal property combination modes, provided the combination methods with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine for the prescription combinations, and proved its feasibly with hypertension cases.
Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats

Objective To compare the transplant-related toxicity and the efficacy of busulfan/fludarabine (Bu/Flu) and busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) as conditioning regimen in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia(AML) in the first complete remission (CR1).Methods Totally 32 AML-CR1 patients underwent allo-HSCT were divided into Bu/Cy (Bu 3.2 mg· kg-1 · d-1,7-4 days before transplantation; Cy 60 mg · kg-1 · d-1,3-2 days before transplantation) and Bu/Flu (Bu 3.2 mg · kg-1 · d-1,5-2 days before transplantation; Flu 30 mg · m-2·d-1,6-2 days before transplantation) groups.The regimen-related toxicity (RRT),incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD),3-year cumulative relapse rate,non-relapse mortality (NRM),3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were compared between the two groups.Results The median follow-up duration was 617.5 (6-1261) days.All patients achieved successful engraftment on 30 day after transplantation.There were no significant differences in the median time to neutrophil engraftment (P =0.121) and platelet engraftment (P =0.171) between the two groups.The median duration of neutrophil count under 0.1 × 109/L and platelet count under 20 × 109/L in the Bu/Cy group were significantly longer than those in the Bu/Flu group (P =0.000 and P =0.047).The incidence of grades Ⅱ-Ⅳ RRT were 68.8％ and 25.0％ (P =0.032) in the Bu/Cy and the Bu/Flu groups,respectively.There were no significant differences in the incidence of acute GVHD (P =0.149),chronic GVHD (P =0.149),incidence of NRM (P =0.333),3-year cumulative relapse rates (P =0.834),3-year EFS rate (P =0.362) and OS rate (P =0.111) between the two groups.Conclusion Compared with Bu/Cy,Bu/Flu is a myeloablative condition regimen with milder bone marrow suppression and lower RRT incidence rate in allogeneic HSCT for AML-CR1 patients without compromising the efficacy.

This study was undertaken to establish a murine model for unrelated allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). The characteristics and percentage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells between near-term fetal and neonatal murine peripheral blood (FNPB) and bone marrow (BM) were evaluated by flow cytometry and semisolid methylcellulose culture. BABL/c (H-2(d)) recipient mice conditioned with high dose CTX were transplanted with FNPB form C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice and the survival rate, hematopoietic and immunological reconstruction, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and engraftment level were observed. The results showed that the numbers of day 14 CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM in FNPB (176.40 +/- 78.39)% and (141.40 +/- 56.57)%, respectively were much higher than those in BM (75.20 +/- 26.41)% and (68.80 +/- 23.95)%, respectively. Moreover the percentage of Sca-1(+) CD34(+) cell subsets in FNPB (3.63 +/- 1.13)% was also higher than that in BM (1.41 +/- 0.8 7)%. FNPB transplantation improved survival rate and reconstituted hematopoietic and immune function in recipients. There was no evidence of GVHD. Chimeric analysis showed that the proportion of donor cells in BM of recipients was 27.94% at 21 days after transplantation. It was concluded that FNPB contains more hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with high expansion ability and weak allogeneic immunity, which was similar to human UCB. The murine model for allogeneic UCBT (C57BL/6-->BALB/c) was established successfully.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Immunity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Animal ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of polysaccharide nucleic acid of BCG (BCG-PSN) injection on immune and pulmonary function in asthmatic children complicated with allergic rhinitis.

METHODSThirty-seven cases were separated at random into two groups, the BCG-PSN group (17 cases) was treated with BCG-PSN plus inhaled glucocortisteriods, and the control group (20 cases) was treated with inhaled glucocortisteriods only. The children in both groups were followed up for 6 months to record their lung function, allergic rhinitis scores, frequency of asthmatic attacks and respiratory infection. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and plasma total IgE were detected by using double antibody sandwich ELISA at the beginning and the end of treatment.

RESULTSIn comparison with the control group, after treatment, the levels of IFN-g and the ratio of IFN-g/IL4 in the BCG-PSN group significantly increased, whereas the level of IL-4 and the plasma total IgE significantly decreased (P less than 0.05), while those of the control group had no significant change. The lung function of both groups had significant improvement (p less than 0.05). The frequencies of asthmatic attacks in BCG-PSN and control groups were 0.81 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.72 +/- 0.80, and the difference was statistically significant. The frequencies of respiratory tract infection in BCG-PSN and control groups were 1.15 +/- 0.55 vs. 3.21 +/- 0.73, the difference was significant.

CONCLUSIONBCG-PSN may be able to correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and improve the lung function of children with asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis, which suggest that the immune adjusting treatment should be emphasized besides anti-inflammation therapy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Asthma ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; BCG Vaccine ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Nucleic Acids ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of leukotriene receptor antagonist on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the serum cysteinyl leukotrenes (CysLTs) in infants and young children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia.

METHODSThirty-seven infants and young children with RSV pneumonia were divided into two groups after discharge. The cases in group 1 (n=24) were treated with a leukotriene receptor antagonist, Singulair 4 mg once daily for 12 weeks; the cases in group 2 (n=13) were treated with budesonide aerosol 200 ug once or twice daily for 12 weeks. The serum CysLTs, IFN-gamma and IL-4 were detected with enzyme_linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for all the 37 cases, and 10 healthy infants of the same age served as controls.

RESULTSThe serum CysLTs level in the cases with RSV pneumonia was significantly higher than that in controls (P<0.05). There was an imbalance in expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4 ) in these cases. Both Singulair and budesonide aerosol could correct the imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The serum CysLTs level declined after treatment with Singulair in 24 cases, but no significant change occurred after treatment with budesonide aerosol in the remaining 13 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe serum CysLTs level in children with RSV pneumonia was higher than that in healthy children, and there was an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in these infants, which was similar to those with asthma. Leukotriene receptor antagonist may be effective in preventing children with RSV pneumonia from evolving into asthma.

Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology

By setting up the organic additive model of chemical fingerprints of TCM-compound, the quantified fingerprint method had been established to solve the qualitative and quantitative analyses problems for both the fingerprint attribution ratio and process recovery of medicinal effective components in TCM-compound prescription. The method firstly performs the qualitative analyses of the attribution ratios, and then the quantitative analyses, which can successfully disclose the results of attribution ratio and determine the process recovery of the medicinal effective components for TCM-compound prescription. Three optional methods were represented to assess the amount and distribution proportion of chemical compositions for single crude drug to compound prescription. In terms of components absorbed ultraviolet light, S5 (Radix Scutellariae) was assessed to be the most important crude drug containing much more effective components, and S7 (Radix Gentianae), S4 (Flos Lonicerae Japonica), S8 (Rhizome Anemarrhena) and S9 (Fructus Gardeniae) were second important crude drugs. The results showed lower process recovery of the medicinal effective components for eight batches of marketed preparations. Above all, the quantified fingerprint method can objectively and accurately reflect how high is the contribution of a single crude drug to the compound prescription, and quantitatively evaluate the process recovery of medicinal effectiveness components.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo construct strains containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to study gene regulation in Saccharomyces albicans cells during the infection process.

METHODSpACT1-GFP was constructed, and Saccharomyces albicans CAI4 was transformed. The expression of GFP in yeast and hyphal compartments was observed with microscopy.

RESULTS99% of Saccharomyces albicans cells containing pACT1-GFP fusion displayed significant fluorescence levels both in the yeast and hyphal compartments. The fluorescence intensity in two compartments had no obvious difference.

CONCLUSIONpACT1-GFP can be expressed stably in the yeast cells.

Candida albicans ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Saccharomyces ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of Crohn's disease in children.

METHODSThirteen children who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease and received routine comprehensive treatment and infliximab (5 mg/kg) between January 2011 and December 2014 were enrolled. The changes in their clinical manifestations, laboratory indices, and Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) after the 30-week treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Meanwhile, endoscopy was performed to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSThe symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stool were relieved soon after infliximab treatment, with no recurrence observed; after the 30-week treatment, the white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and the PCDAI decreased, while the hemoglobin increased significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After infliximab treatment, two children underwent endoscopy. The endoscopy showed that one child was cured, and the other child failed to respond to the treatment. No adverse drug reactions were seen in all patients.

CONCLUSIONSInfliximab treatment has significant clinical effects in children with Crohn's disease, with no obvious adverse reactions, and therefore, it can be applied as one of the preferred alternatives for treatment of Crohn's disease in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Crohn Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infliximab ; therapeutic use ; Male