? AIM: To investigate the immunosuppression of artemisinin in the early-phase response( EPR) of allergic conjunctivitis in a murine model induced by pollen.?METHODS:Twenty-five Balb/c mice were divided into five groups at random: A: model group, B: artemisinin topical treatment group, C: oral artemisinin group, D:dexamethasone topical treatment group, E: negative control group. Balb/c mice were first sensitized with mixture of ragweed crude extract and complete Freund’s adjuvant by left footpad and root of tails injection at days 0. At days 7 and 14, mice were strengthen sensitized by intraperitoneal injection. Negative control group replacd with a mixture of equal amounts of Freund’s adjuvant and PBS mixture. Treatment time was between 21-27d:group B received 1% topical artemisinin eye drops 4 times per day; group C received artemisinin at doses of 600mg/kg orally once per day; group D received topical dexamethasone eye drops 4 times per day. The model and naive groups replaced with solvent for control. After treatment, mice were excited by ragweed pollen crude infusion drops. Within 1h after the excitation, the eyes were taken for histopathology testing, the serum for detection of specific IgE for ragweed pollen.?RESULTS:After excitation, allergy symptoms of model group were more significantly compared with negative control group and the treatment groups; allergy symptom score, mast cell degranulation ratios and the ragweed pollen specific IgE in serum in the topical treatment groups and oral group were higher than that in the negative control group, but significantly lower than that in model group.?CONCLUSION: Artemisinin topical treatment and oral treatment for mice could inhibit the symptoms of pollen allergic conjunctivitis, early-phase response of mast cell degranulation ratio and specific IgE generation for ragweed pollen, suggesting that artemisinin has some therapeutic effect for pollen allergic conjunctivitis.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of hymecromone content and dissolution in Compound Dantong Capsules by HPLC.Methods The content and dissolution of hymecromone was determined by HPLC.The chromatographic conditions were: CAPCELL PAK C18 Column(5 ? m,4.6 mm? 150 mm),methanol-0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer solution(465 ∶ 535) as mobile phase,detection wavelength at 365 nm and the injected volume being 10? L.Dissolution test was performed with 150 mL of water as dissolving medium and with a rotation speed of 100 r? min-1.Results A good linearity of hymecromone was in the range of 0.25 ? g/mL～ 1.75 ? g/mL(r=0.9989),and the average recovery was 99.4 %,RSD=1.60 %(n=5).The dissolutions of 3 batches of samples in 45 minutes were higher than 70 % of the labeled amount,which accorded with the standard.Conclusion This method was simple and accurate,has no interference of other components,and can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Compound Dantong Capsules.

Objective To explore the main influencing factors of recurrent stroke.Methods 2 065 new stroke patients were selected as study populations.The recurrent stroke status and kinds of influencing factors were followed up.The follow-up study time was 3 years.Single factor and multi-factor analysis methods were carried out for influencing factom of recurrent stroke by Cox proportional hazaIds regression models.Results By the end.1 881 pa%);45 patients were recurrent in 6accepted visit,184 were lost follow-up.327 patients were recurrent(17.38tients months(13.76%);68 patients were recurrent during 6 months to 1 year(20.80%);97 patients were recurrent during 1 year to 2 years(29.66%);117 patients were recurrent after 3 years(35.78%).Single factor Cox regression analysis:The risk factors of recurrent stroke were advanced age(RR=1.48),smoking(RR=1.35),fat intake(RR=1.83),hypertension history(RR=2.54),diabetes history(RR=1.72),high lipemia(RR=1.83),stroke family history(RR=2.62),depression(RR=1.84),life events(RR=2.53),fibrinogen(RR=1.75),carotid plaques(RR=2.68);The protecting favors of recurrent stroke were female(RR=0.64),sports(RR=0.33),social support(RR=0.36).Multi-factor Cox regression analysis:the risk factors of recurrent stroke were hypertension history(RR=1.86),high lipemia(RR=1.95),stroke family history(RR=2.62),life events(RR=2.38),carotid plaques(RR=2.77);The protecting factors of recurrent stroke were sports(RR:0.35),social support(RR=0.32).Conclusion The prevention of hypertension history,high lipemia,the family history of stroke,more supports and the high ability of answering life events could help to prevent the recurrent stroke.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with glucocorticoid (GC) in treating lupus nephritis (LN) patients and its influence on some experimental indices.

METHODSTotally 52 LN patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated by routine Western medicine and a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix, 25 cases) and the control group (treated by Western medicine, mainly by GC and cyclophosphamide, 27 cases). All patients received 6-month therapy. The GC dosage, the withdrawal and reduction dosage of GC, clinical efficacy, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score, adverse reactions, and laboratory indicators were recorded.

RESULTS(1) All patients got relieved to some degree with the dosage of GC reduced. The total withdrawal and reduction dosage of GC was slightly higher in the treatment group than in the control group [(50.23 +/- 12.43) mg vs (48.76 +/- 13.61) mg, P > 0.05]. Besides, the prednisone dosage in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but without statistical difference (P > 0.05). The ratio of patients in need of adding prednisone for aggravating disease was 24.0%, significantly lower than that in the control group (44.44%, P < 0.05). (2) There was no statistical difference in the SLEDAI score, inflammatory indicators, liver and renal functions, blood electrolytes, blood glucose, blood and urine routines between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 24-h urinary protein count was (1.06 +/- 0.22) g/L in the treatment group, obviously lower than that in the control group (1.43 +/- 0.55 g/L, P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate of infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, psychoneuroses, Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular anomalies, and femoral head necrosis between the two groups (P > 0.05). But the incidence of adverse reactions such as insomnia, tidal fever, spontaneous sweat, and obesity was less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUsing a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with GC in treating LN could withdraw the dosage of GC and relieve symptoms it induced. It was advantageous in reducing the dosage of GC and stabilizing patients' conditions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is well known as a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase. eEF2K catalyzes the phosphorylation of eEF2 and subsequently inactivates eEF2 by impairing its ability to bind to the ribosome, thereby negatively modulates protein synthesis. The high expression of eEF2K has been found recently in several types of malignancies. As participating in the progress of tumor, eEF2K emerges a potential target for future cancer therapy. The relationship between eEF2K and tumor, and the latest progress of eEF2K inhibitors were summarized in this article.
Elongation Factor 2 Kinase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Peptide Elongation Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation

N-acetyltransferase 2 is an important metabolic enzyme in the human body,participating mainly in the metabolism of medicine containing nitrogen.Presently a lot of researches have been undertaken in the respects like the determination of NAT2 genotype and drug metabolism and so on.In the recent years,more and more attention is paid to the simulation of three-dimension(solid)structure of protein,but the study is just at the outset on three-dimension structure of the NAT2 as well as its structure-function relationship when combined with drug.The research progress of construction of the three-dimension structure of NAT2 is summarized,emphasizing on its methods and tools.

Objective To investigate the pathologic features of ganglioglioma/gangliocytoma.Methods 19 cases of gangliogliomas and gangliocytomas were studied by HE stain, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural observation.Results (1) The tumor cells presented widespread, derangement distribution, and conglobation in some regions. (2) The tumor cells were similar with ganglion cell, showing multipolar in feature, and had large, irregular nucleoli. The nucleoli were clear. Some tumor cells were bi-nucleated. (3) Neurogliocytomas were Ⅱ～Ⅲ grades according to the standard published by WHO. (4) Immunoreactions showed GFAP (-), S-100 (+) and Synaptophyein (+) in neoplastic cells. (5) Ultrastructure observation showed cytolysosome, ribosome and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Abundant mitochondria and dense neuroendocrine granules were also found in these cells.Conclusions Ganglioglioma/gangliocytoma is a rare tumor of central nervous system. Its diagnosis mainly depends on histopathology, special markers of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural features. The property of neoplasma is related to the component of neurogliocytoma.

Objective To investigate the relation of the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and-9(MMP-9)with polymyositis/dermatomyositis(PM/DM).Methods Blood samples were obtained from 8 patients with PM,12 patients with DM and 10 normal human controls.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to examine the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 respectively in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of these patients.Results The mRNA expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the PBMC of patients with PM or DM were 2.41 and 1.66 folds as high as those of the normal controls,respectively;these difierences were significant between the two groups.Increased expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also noted in the patients with PM or DM.Conclusion MMP-2 and MMP-9 may play a part in the development of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of theta oscillation in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) by the analysis of multi-channel electroencephalographs (EEGs) during rest state and working memory(WM) maintenance. Methods The 19 FLE patients and 17 healthy subjects underwent EEG recording with 34-channel EEG machine during visual working memory task performance. The differences of behavioral results were analyzed between FLE group and controls. Short-time Fourier transform was used to calculate the power spectral density of different frequency bands in 34 channels. The theta power values during the retention period of working memory and rest state were compared between two groups. Results Compared with controls, reaction time of FLE increased significantly (P<0.01) and accuracy decreased (P<0.05). The power spectral density of theta band for FLE increased both in Fz and frontal region during rest state (P<0.01). Compared with controls, the power spectral density of theta oscillation decreased significantly in the frontal region for FLE during WM maintenance. Conclusion Our results suggest that working memory in patients with FLE was impaired. The absence of theta oscillation during the WM delayde period may provide a possible neural mechanism for the working memory dysfunction in FLE.

Objective To determine the main predictors of circulatory crisis after replantation in patients with severed distal finger so as to establish the theoretic basis in reducing the morbidity of circulatory crisis. Methods 65 severed distal fingers underwent replantation were respectively reviewed. All the clinical parameters including age, sex, dominant hand or finger, preservation of the severed finger, platelet level, ischemia duration, cause of injury, manner of venous drainage, repair of artery, order of reparation and plane of division were investigated as predictive risk factors for circulatory crisis of finger after replantation. In order to find the risk factors of circulatory crisis, the data was dealt with t test, ?2 test, analysis for variance or multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results 13 replanted finger suffered from impaired circulation in 65 fingers. Univariate analysis demonstrated that many factors were significantly correlated with the circulatory crisis of finger, such as the manner of venous drainage(?2=6.714,P=0.035), the cause of injury (?2=9.049,P=0.011), the preservation of severed finger(?2=6.452,P=0.040), the age(?2=14.838,P=0.001), the platelet level(uc= 2.961, P=0.003). The multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that platelet level (OR=1.015, P=0.030), the age(OR=0.349, P=0.031) and the manner of venous drainage(OR=0.278,P=0.036) were the significant independent predictors for circulatory crisis. The incidence of circulatory crisis in patients less than 6 years old was 61.5%, significantly higher than any other age group(P