Nutritional anemia is mainly including the iron deficiency anemia and the megaloblastic anemia.The highlights of the two kinds of nutritional anemia on the differential diagnosis are compared associated with the clinical practice,and the commonly used treatment protocol at present are briefly expounded.

Objective To compare the results of emergency clinical training for medical students and to put forward some suggestions.Methods Toatlly 207 medical students of Grade 4 studied in the first people' s hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong university from 2009 to 2011 were divided into the traditional group (n =90 ) and the experimental group (n =117 ).The students in the experimental group participated in emergency clinical training in summer vacation while those in the traditional group did not.Questionnaires about their self-learning ability,clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability after training the were conducted and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results One hundred and five effective questionnaires were recovered from the experimental group,with the recovery rate 89.7％ and 62 effective questionnaires were recovered from the traditional group,with the recovery rate 68.9％.The scores about clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability of the experimental group were significantly highcr than those of the traditional group [ (79.45 ± 9.354)vs.(75.87 ± 9.926),(263.38 ± 30.925 ) vs.(251.36 ± 23.679),P ＜ 0.05 ].However,there was no significant difference in scores about self-learning ability between the two groups [ ( 153.97 ± 23.725 ) vs.( 149.83 ± 13.891 ),P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Emergency clinical training is helpful to improve medical students' clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability.It is worth popularizing.

Objective To understand the work content of community nurses in general practitioners team model in Chongqing.Methods A questionnaire was carried out among 210 community nurses from 12 communityhealth service centers in Chongqing city.Results The work content of community nurses most often did in general practitioners team model were health management,health care of elderly people,health education,chronic disease management and basic medical service.However,the work content of women's health care and inquiry of death cause were relatively done less.Conclusions There are both basic medical service and public health service in the work content of community nurses in Chongqing.The “Six in One” function of community nursing is gradually improved.

ObjectiveTo analyze the results of implementing the tutorial system for medical interns, and to put forward some suggestions. MethodsThe medical interns and the doetors selected as tutors were asked to do questionnaires to study the tutorial system's feasibility and effectiveness. Simultaneously, we adopted the Objective Structured Clinical Examination ( OSCE ) to assess its process and resuits. Results74.3％ of the students and 75.5％ of the doctors think that they need the tutorial system,73.2％of the students think that this system can train better clinical skills,67.9％ of the doetors think that they can review the knowledge learned through teaching. Implemented after one year, students' OSCE scores are improved. ConclusionTutorial system for medical interns has achieved preliminary success, and the preparatory work and related-system building need to be further improved.

AIM:To investigate the effect of small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery on corneal endothelial cell.METHODS:Totally 140 cataract patients (152 eyes) treated in our hospital from August 2013 to March 2016 were selected.All of the patients underwent small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery.Before surgery and at 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after surgery, we measured the corneal endothelium of upper cornea, the central cornea and the lower part of cornea.The proportion and density of hexagonal cells, loss rate and cell area in corneal endothelial cells were calculated and compared.RESULTS:Postoperatively 36 eyes had posterior elastic layer folds, aqueous flare, which disappeared after treatment.After surgery, corneal incision was found to have mild corneal edema.No other complications were found.A total of 128 patients (137 eyes) were followed up for a total of up to 3mo, with a loss of follow-up in 12 patients (15 eyes).After surgery, corneal endothelial cell density of the upper part of the cornea, the central cornea and the lower part of cornea, was statistically significantly different with each other (F=3.526, P=0.031), the difference in different time points was statistically significant (F=4.111, P=0.018).The postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss rate was statistically significant different between the three groups (F=3.526, P=0.031), at different time pionts (F=4.111, P=0.018).There was statistical significance of percentage of hexagonal cells between the three groups (F=4.348, P=0.014), the difference was significantly different between different time points (F=4.964, P=0.008).There was statistical significance of corneal endothelial cell area between the three groups (F=3.180, P=0.044), the difference was significantly different between the time points (F=3.511, P=0.032).CONCLUSION:After small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery, corneal endothelial cell density decreased, hexagonal cell proportion decreased, corneal cell area expanded.

Objective To investigate the effect of batroxobin on the plasma levels of endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Methods 60 patients with ACI were randomly divided into therapy group(n = 30) and control group(n = 30),500 ml of 5% GS plus 1.0g ramme of Troxerutin was intravenously dripped par day and ticlopidine 250mg/day in the control group. Based on the control group therapy,Batroxobin was intravenously dripped with 10U on the 1st day and 5U on the 3rd and 5th day for seven days. The plasma levels of ET and CGRP were detected pre and post treatment by radioimmunoassay. Results Plasma levels of ET and CGRP in batroxobin therapy group post treatment ( 81.25±27.38 ) ; ( 44. 13±13.30) ng/L were significantly different from those pre treatment(109. 83±38.24) ; (24. 73±13.59) ng/L (all P＜0. 01 ) ,and were also significantly different from those post treatment in the control group(98.07±30. 39) ; (37.02±12. 41 )ng/L (all P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Batroxobin can accommodate the equilibration between ET and CGRP, and protect brain cell and blood vessel endothelial cell.

Objective To observe the curative effects of metformin combined with cyproterone therapy on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods Ninety diagnosed PCOS patients were treated. The serum luteinizing hormone(LH), luteinizing hormone and follicule stimulating hormone(LH/FSH) ratio and T, waist hip ratio(WHR) of the patients before therapy were compared with using merformin combined with- cyproterone three cycles. Results A significant reduction(P<0.05 or P<0.01) in LH,LH/FSH,T and WHR of patients after the therapy was observed. Menses became regular after the therapy, and ache and hirsutism mitigated. Conclusion Metformin com- bined with cyproterone is a perfect means to treat polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).

Objective:To study the effect of caprylic/capric acid glycerides (Lab), propylene glycol (PG) and Azone on the transdermal behavior of ketoconazole and miconazole nitrate in compound ketoconazole gel, to screen appropriate penetration enhanc-ers. Methods:Using a RYJ-6A-type transdermal drug diffusion tester, the effects of Lab, PG and Azone at different concentrations on the transdermal behavior of ketoconazole and miconazole nitrate in compound ketoconazole gel were studied. Results:3% PG showed the most obvious penetration enhancement, which could increase the permeation of ketoconazole by 2. 004 times, and increase the pen-etration of miconazole nitrate by 1. 795 times, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The penetra-tion effect of 3% PG is obvious, which can be applied in compound ketoconazole gel.

[Summary] With the rapid development of endoscopic thyroidectomy for its advantages of hidden incision and good cosmetic effects, it becomes a significant issue to reduce surgical adverse effects.Recurrent laryngeal nerve ( RLN) injury is among the most important complications and is paid much attention to by clinical researchers.Reasons leading to RLN injury include accidental injury, ligation and intraoperative blood loss. An appropriate way to expose RLN, skilled operation performance, precise anatomy, individualized operation scheme and intraoperative neuromonitoring can prevent RLN injury.

Objective To explore influence of antibiotics and Jiuyi Dan combined with incision-thread-drawing procedure on perianal abscess patients' level of activin A (ACTA) and C-reactive protein (CRP).Methods120 cases of perianal abscess patients in our hospital during March 2015 to December 2016 Coloproctology were selected, they were divided into the experiment group and the control group by random number method.All of patients were taken incision-thread-drawing procedure.Then the experimental group were given nine one antibiotics and Jiuyi Dan, the control group were given antibiotics.The cure rate, 6months after the recurrence rate, average healing time of the wound, and wound edema rate of two groups were observed.Levels of ACTA and CRP expression levels of two groups of patients before and after operation were analyzed.ResultsPatients in the experimental group cure rate was 96.7% higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), the recurrence rate of patients in the experimental group than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant;the patients in the experimental group the average healing time was (20.67±3.22) d shorter than the average healing time of patients in the control group (29.48±3.15) d, patients in the experimental group wound edema rate of 5% was significantly lower than in the control group 20% (P<0.05);3D ACTA, the expression level of CRP was significantly higher than the preoperative 7 d levels after operation in the two groups (P<0.05);after 7d, the expression level of the two groups of patients with ACTA and CRP were significantly lower than the preoperative level of expression of 7d (P<0.05), experimental group levels of ACTA were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);postoperative 14d patients, ACTA levels of two groups were significantly lower than the levels before operation (P<0.05).ConclusionPerianal abscess can be treated effectively and patients levels of Acta and CRP were obviously dereased by Jiuyi Dan combined with incision-thread-drawing procedure combined, postoperative inflammatory reaction could be importantly alleviated, it was worth clinical promotion.