Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

In this paper,the attachment of a China-made removable clear orthodontics appliances are introduced. The clinical attachment positions and considerations were illustrated with clinical pictures. A typical case was attached for demonstration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of minimally invasive fixation and bone grafting througn medial side for the treatment of Schatzker III tibial plateau fracture.

METHODSFrom April 2009 to August 2011, 18 patients with Schatzker III tibial plateau fracture were treated with minimally invasive fixation and bone grafting through medial side. There were 15 males and 3 females ranging in age from 64 to 73 years, with an average of (69.75 ± 1.22) years. Sixteen patients were caused by falling down, 2 cases were caused by traffic accident. Operative time and length of incision were be recorded. Clinical and radiological follow-up was performed after operation. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and Kellgren-Lawrence score were used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSThe mean operative time was (45.32 ± 1.58) min, and the mean length of incision was (5.21 ± 0.65) cm. Postoperative X-ray showed excellent reduction. Eighteen patients were followed up for 10 to 13 months with an average of (11.5 ± 1.35) months. The mean HSS score was 86.51 ± 2.71, 12 cases got excellent results,4 good and 2 fair. Three patients were developed mild osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren-Lawrence system.

CONCLUSIONMinimally invasive fixation and bone grafting through medial side, not only could reduce surgical invasive, but also guarantee early function activities. It has advantages of keeping well after reduction. So it has the favorable future in clinic.

Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

BACKGROUND: Spondyloarthropathies(SpA) are a group of interrelated disorders that involve the spine, peripheral joints, and tissues around or outside the joints. SpA are most common in young males, and both the incidence and the mutilation rate are very high. It is important to evaluate the disease activity of patients with SpA since the evaluation can help in therapeutic selection and prognostic prediction of SpA. But up to now there still has not been a widely clinically acceptable criterion to evaluate the disease activity of SpA.OBJECTIVE: To study the worth of color Doppler(CD) in assessing the disease activity of patients with SpA.DESIGN: Non-random and self-control clinical study based on the patients.SETTING: All patients recruited in this study were from department of rheumatology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. And all the ultrasonic examinations were conducted in the department of ultrasound of the same hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty(24 males and 6 females) patients with SpA who met the European SpA Study Group criteria for the classification of SpA issued in 1991 and consented to be examined by CD were included.METHODS: CD was used to determine the blood perfusion at 18 major entheses of lower limbs of each patient with a semi-quantitative method. Blood sample was also taken from the patients for the examination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C reactive protein(CRP) . The disease activity of the patients was also evaluated with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observe the inter-correlations between entheseal blood perfusion, ESR, CRP and BASDAI.RESULTS: 80% of the 30 patients were detected to have positive perfusion in at least one enthesis of the 18 examined entheses, and all together 84 entheses were found to have positive perfusion among the 540 entheses being detected(positive rate 15.6% ) . The sum of entheseal perfusion detected in all the 18 sites was statistically correlated with the sum of patients' ESR,CRP, BASDAI respectively with the correlation coefficients of 0. 658, 0. 428and 0. 821 (all P ＜ 0.05) . ESR and CRP were also statistically correlated with BASDAI and their correlation coefficients were 0. 675 and 0. 368(Both P ＜ 0.05) . The sum of perfusion detected in the 18 entheses sites was correlated with BASDAI better than ESR or CRP was.Detecting the.entheseal perfusion by CD can help to determine the disease activity of patients with SpA, and then to guide selecting therapeutic strategy. It is also important for following up and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Seronegative spondyloarthropathies(SpA) are a group of diseases involving the spine, peripheral joints and structures around the joints that mostly occur in adult males with high morbidity and disability rate. Presently, it is widely believed that enthesis is the initiated site of SpA so that enthesitis is an important pathologic base and one of the characteristic clinical manifestations of SpA, however, there is no specific clinical manifestation enthesitis.OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference on entheseal blood flow between health volunteers and patients with SpA and explore the value of color Doppler(CD) in assessing the pathological change of enthesis.DESIGN: Non-randomized case controlled study to patients SETTING: Department of Rheumatology, Department of Ultrasound of a university, Department of Rheumatology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 30 patients with SpA admitted into Third Affilated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University during August 2001 to April 2002 and willing to take CD examination were selected as case group. All of them met the classification criteria of SpA set up by the European SpA Study Group in 1991 with 24 males and 6 females. Thirty healthy workers and students working or studying in the same Hospital were enrolled as volunteers for the control group, none of them had any histories of arthropathy or chronic lower back pain, and there were 22 males and 8 females among them.INTERVENTIONS: Color Doppler was used to examine the blood flow of 18entheses in lower limbs of every healthy volunteers and SpA patients and semi-quantitative method was used to classify the blood flow.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood flow of enthesesRESULTS: Among 30 healthy volunteers, 5 cases(16.7% ) had been detected blood flow from at least one enthesis. From the 540 entheses being examined, 9entheses were detected blood flow signals of grade Ⅰ, the positive rate was 1.7%. While among 30 SpA patients, 24(80.0%) had at least one enthesis being detected for positive blood flow. Eighty-four of totally 540 exanined entheses were found for positive blood flow signals with a positive rate of 15.6%, and the number of entheses with grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of blood flow were 19, 33 and 32 respectively among the 84 positive entheses. There was significantly different in the positive rate of blood flow and classification of entheses between SpA patients and healthy volunteers by x2 test (P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Colour Doppler examination is an effective way to detect the blood flow of enthesis. There were blood flow abnormity in the entheses of lower limbs in patients with SpA.

BACKGROUND: Enthesitis is the most important pathologic change and one of the characteristic manifestations of spondyloarthropathy(SpA). However, its clinical manifestations lack specificity, and medical imaging techniques become an important auxiliary means in its diagnosis. Currently, ultrasound has been applied to examine the entheses of patients with SpA abroad, but so far there is no investigation about the ultrasonic manifestations of entheses in healthy volunteers.OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the acoustic imaging manifestations of entheses in healthy volunteers, and primarily investigate the feasibility of ultrasound in detecting entheses and the possible impact factors of acoustic imaging manifestations.DESIGN: A nonrandomized inter-controlled trail.SETTING and PARTICIPANTS: A total of 30 young healthy workers and medical students who worked or studied in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included in our study, including 22 male and 8 female. None of them suffered from any arthropathies or chronic low back pain.INTERVENTION: High frequency and Color Doppler ultrasound were adopted to detect 540 entheses of 30 healthy volunteers, the entheseal thicknesses were compared respectively according to left and right sides, as well as the gender. X-ray was used to inspect if there were any abnormal findings at the attaching bones.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The thickness, the echo inside entheses, the entourage, the attaching bone and the entheseal blood flow were detected.RESULTS: In normal entheses, there was a little lower but equal resonance, in which there was clear funicular fibrin resonance but without blood signal. Most entheses had a little higher membrane resonance, which was clearly divided from entourage. The surface of attaching bone was smooth and continuous. The mean thickness of the lower insertion of rectus femoris tendon, the upper insertion of patellar ligament, the lower insertion of patellar ligament, the lower insertion of tibial collateral ligament, the lower insertion of fibular collateral ligament, the insertion of Achilles tendon and plantar aponeurosis in male volunteers were(0.50 ±0.06), (0. 50 ±0. 07),(0.42±0.04), (0.20±0.03), (0.38±0.04), (0.52±0.07)and (0. 32 ±0.03) cm respectively, while the mean thickness of the corresponding insertions in female volunteers were (0.44 ± 0. 04), (0. 46 ± 0. 03 ),(0.39±0.03), (0.19±0.02), (0.32±0.02), (0.41±0.06)and (0. 28 ± 0.03) cm respectively. All entheses except for the lower insertion of tibial collateral ligament were thicker in male than in female( P ＜ 0. 05 ),but there were no significant differences in the thickness between left and right insertions ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Calcification, erosion and hyperplasia of the attaching bone or increasing blood flow were found in 11 entheses of 8 volunteers(2.0% of all the 540 entheses detected) . There were 15 items of abnormal signs all together. Some of the abnormal sites had traumatic histories.CONCLUSION: The thicknesses are almost the same in the corresponding insertions between left and right sides, but the thicknesses of most insertions in male are thicker than those in female. Stature, body mass and exercise might impact on entheseal thickness. Trauma can cause abnormal acoustic imaging manifestations of entheses. Ultrasound is an available approach to detecting etheses.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) gene modified mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs-bFGF)on cerebral isehemia in rats.Methods MSCs or MSCs-bFGF were transplanted into rat models of focal cerebral ischemia by intravenous injection.The neurological deficits and infarction volumes were evaluated,and the survival rate and differentiation of grafted MSCs were observed by double immunofiuoreseent labeling.Results In the rat cerebral ischemic model, both MSCs and MSCs-bFGF showed protective effect on the rats in comparison with control group.However, the protective effect was more significant in MSCs-bFGF group.Double immunofluorescent staining showed the number of BrdU-labeled and NeuN co-expression cells in MSCs-bFGF treated animals(127.40?7.43 and 11.20?3.09)were much more than in those of MSCs treated animals.While there was no significant difference between MSCs-bFGF and MSCs group in the number of GFAP co-expression cells.Conclusion MSCs transplantation has protective effect on cerebral ischemia in rats.Basic fibroblast growth factor gene modified MSCs is more effective than MSCs in neuroproteetion.

Objective To study the macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF)expression levels of serum and synovial fluids from patients with spondyloarthropathy(SPA)and its contribution to the pathogen- esis of SpA.Methods Eleven SpA synovial tissue samples were compared to those from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of 10 normal subjects using a 1176 gene array.M-CSF was detected in both serum samples and synovial fluids by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Two groups of AS subjects were tested.The first group consisted of 41 ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients who had not been treated with bio- logics.The second group consisted of 13 subjects whose serum samples were collected before and 14 weeks af- ter initiation of infliximab.These were compared to serum samples from 28 normal subjects,and synovial fluid samples from 15 SpA patients.Results Expression of M-CSF could be detected in both serum samples and synovial fluids.The concentration of M-CSF in the group of 41 AS patients not treated with biologics correlated with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI)values(r=0.41,P=0.004).Treatment of infliximab in AS patients led to a significant decrease in the values of BASDAI(P=0.000 07),but no signif- icant change in the serum M-CSF values.Conclusion M-CSF is a promising candidate for research on the mechanisms of SpA and its signaling on pathway in SpA is different from tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?,and it may provide new basis for developing new anti-biologics for SpA.

Intersectin is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional adaptor protein with multifunctional domains. These domains interact with components of the endocytic and exocytic pathways, such as the clathrin mediating synaptic vesicle recycling, the protein related to endocytosis via caveolae, the with-no-lysine kinases related to the regulation of renal outer medullar potassium, and the Cdc42 mediating exocytic pathway. Recently, the understanding of intersectin function in the pathogenesis of endocrine tumor and many neurodegenerative diseases such as Down syndrome, Alzheimer disease has been deepened. This article reviewed the structure and roles in endocytosis/exocytosis and diseases of intersectin.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; physiology ; Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; Humans ; Synaptic Vesicles ; physiology