Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Concept Formation ; Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; World Health Organization

Child ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; etiology ; immunology ; Humans

Animals ; Forecasting ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pathology ; education ; methods ; trends ; Proteomics ; methods

Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paraganglioma ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; analysis

Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; China ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; standards ; Pathology ; standards ; trends ; Pathology, Clinical ; standards ; trends ; Quality Control ; Translational Medical Research

Child ; China ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Pediatrics ; methods ; trends

After the importance of literature definition and the main bases to define literature were described, including its major nature一knowledge information, signals displayed in knowledge information-words,symbols,pictures, audio frequency, visual frequency, and external form of knowledge information-material media, and the solidification process of knowledge information on media-records, the different definitions of literature were analyzed with some commends, the 4 major elements of literature were summarized, namely knowledge information, media, records, and words, symbols and pictures, etc.

Objective To investigate the application of Prolene Hernia System (PHS) in day case tension-free inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia. Methods One hundred and seventy patients with inguinal hernia underwent day tension-free repair under local anaesthesia by using PHS (manufactured by Johnson Co., Ltd.) from February 1998 to February 2003. Results The operation time was (15～68) min, with a mean of 35 min. The patients remained in the hospital for (3～20) hours (mean, 8 hours), with slight wound pain and tugging after operation but no need for analgesics. No wound infection or urinary retention occurred. Scrotal hydrocele was found in 4 cases. There were no recurrence or sensation of foreign body in a follow-up period for (2～14) months (mean, 8 months). Conclusions PHS in day case tension-free inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia is safe and reliable.

Described in this paper are the source, significance, feasibility and expression, target, guiding ideas, organization and implementation, and achievements of the Revised philology project.

Diagnosis ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Science ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; standards ; Prognosis