Anidulafungin is an effective antifungal medicine, which can inhibit activities of candida in vitro and in vivo. Echinocandin B (ECB) is the key precursor of Anidulafungin, thus the price and market prospect of Anidulafungin is directly due to the fermentation titer of ECB. In this study, Aspergillus nidulans was used for ECB fermentation, and the influence of adding microparticles on ECB fermentation was studied, such as talcum powder, Al2O3, and glass beads. The particle size and concentration were the key factors for mycelium morphology and ECB production, and ECB production could reach 1 262.9 mg/L and 1 344.1 mg/L by adding talcum powder of 20 g/L (d50 = 14.2 μm) and 7 glass beads (6 mm), an increase by 33.2% and 41.7%, respectively. The results indicated that the mycelium morphology of filamentous microorganisms and the product yield of fermentation could be improved by adding microparticles remarkably, and it provide an important method for the fermentative optimization of filamentous microorganisms.
Antifungal Agents ; metabolism ; Aspergillus nidulans ; metabolism ; Echinocandins ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; Fungal Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods

Objective To design an outpatient appointment system based on ASP.NET which gains advantages over the existing system in database stability,functional module integrity and interface friendliness.Methods The ASP.NET-based system was developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as the platform,Microsoft SQL Server 2005 to create data and kinds of components to establish database and application interface.Results The system enhanced hospital registration and patient satisfaction.Conclusion The system is worthy promoting for outpatient appointment in the hospital.

OBJECTIVETo observe the the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related factors in deep tissue injury (DTI) at pressure ulcer rat and to investigate the ERS mechanism of DTI in muscle tissue and protective effect of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in local tissue.

METHODSFifty male SD rats were randomly devided into control group, model group, experimental group NS group and PBA group, the experimental groups were divided into 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d group according to the observation time (n = 5). Rats in the PBA group were administrated with gastric perfusion of 4-PBA after the modeling; the NS group was given normal saline of the same quantity. Using HE staining to observe morphologic character. The expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CHOP, Caspase 12 were detected by immunohistochernical staining. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.

RESULTSHE staining results showed that each group demonstrated compression injury compared with control group: cellular swelling, ompaction of nuclear, and apoptosis in muscle tissue. The new muscle fiber in 4-PBA group fused faster than those in NS group. The number of TUNEL positive cells peaked at 4 day after compression, then got decreased on day 7 in muscle tissue, apoptosis positive cells were diminished after 4-PBA treatment. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of protein GRP78, CHOP, Caspase 12 peakd 4 d after modeling and decreased gradually. The GRP78, CHOP, Caspase 12 protein expression were significantly higher than those of PBA group at all time points (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress took part in deep tissue injury resulting of pressure ulcer, which mechanism might be related to reducing apoptosis mediated by CHOP, Caspase 12.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; pathology ; Phenylbutyrates ; pharmacology ; Pressure Ulcer ; physiopathology ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism

Based on the full-length cDNA of BmalphaTX14 from Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK), gene of the mature peptide of BmalphaTX14 was cloned into the yeast expression vector pPIC9K. After transforming, screening and inducing, tricine-SDS-PAGE and Western blot proved that rBmalphaTX14 protein was expressed in the medium for up to 84 hours, getting nearly 120 mg/L. Recombinant BmalphaTX14 was purified rapidly and efficiently through Ni-NTA-agarose, polyethylene glycol precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The purified rBmalphaTX14 proved to have the anti-insect activity by toxicity assay. Meanwhile, genomic gene of BmalphaTX14 was cloned and sequenced by PCR method, sequence analysis of this gene showed that BmalphaTX14 had an intron of 408 base pairs located at the signal peptide encoding region, which was similar with the characteristic of other alpha-type sodium ion-channel toxin. Considering both the genomic organization and the peptide function, BmaTX14 proved to be a membership belonging to alpha-type sodium ion-channel toxin.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Scorpion Venoms ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Scorpions ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mutation characteristics of spastin gene in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and thus provide a basis for the gene diagnosis of HSP.

METHODSMutation of spastin gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with DNA direct sequencing in 31 unrelated affected HSP individuals in China, of whom 22 were from autosomal dominant families and 9 were sporadic HSP patients. Co-segregation analysis was carried out after the finding of abnormal SSCP bands.

RESULTSSix cases were found to have abnormal SCP bands, and among them, two missense mutations (T1258A, A1293G in exon 8) and one deletion mutation (1667delACT or 1668delCTA or 1669delTAC in exon 14) were found and all of them were not reported previously. They were all co-segregated with the disease and were localized within the functional domain of spastin gene. Besides, T1258A was seen in two unrelated families.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation rate (18.2%) in autosomal dominant HSP in Chinese patients is comparatively low. Point mutation is the major mutation type and exon 8 may be the mutation hot spot.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary ; genetics ; Spastin

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain injury following global ischemia reperfusion and its mechanisms. Brain injury following global ischemia was induced by four vessels occlusion and systemic hypotension. Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into three groups: group A, only dissection of vessels; group B, intravenous infusion of normal saline after reperfusion for 6 h; group C, 30 microg/kg bFGF injected intravenously at the onset of reperfusion, then infused with 10 microg/(kg.h) for 6 h. Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100B, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured before ischemia, 30 min after ischemia, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 h after reperfusion. Brain water content was determined and cerebral histopathological damages were compared. NSE and S-100B were increased 1 h after reperfusion and reached their peaks 6 h after reperfusion, but were much higher in group B than those in group C 3, 6 h after reperfusion. In groups B and C, TNF-alpha was increased after ischemia and IL-1 and IL-8 were increased significantly 0.5 h after reperfusion, then reached their peaks 6 h, 3 h, 6 h after reperfusion respectively. TNF-alpha and IL-8 at the time points of 1 h and 3 h and IL-1 at 3 h and 6 h in group C were correspondingly lower than those in group B. These indices in group A were nearly unchanged. There were less severe cerebral histopathological damages in group C compared with group B, but no difference in brain water content. It could be concluded that bFGF alleviates brain injury following global ischemia and reperfusion by down-regulating expression of inflammatory factors and inhibiting their activities.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; administration & dosage ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation via Upsher-scope (USSP) or Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS) under general anesthesia.

METHODSFifty patients with ASA grade I-II and undergoing the elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the USSP (U group) (n=25) or MDLS (M group) (n=25). After standard intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed using a USSP or a MDLS. Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation and every minute thereafter for 5 minutes. The time spent in tracheal intubation was recorded. The mean blood pressure (MBP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) were calculated.

RESULTSThe intubation time was not significantly different between these two groups (P > 0.05). After anesthetic induction, SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP in these two groups decreased significantly as compared with preinduction values. The orotracheal intubation caused significant increases in SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP in these two groups in comparision with postinduction values (P < 0.05), but these hemodynamic changes lasted only 1 to 2 minutes and then decreased gradually to the postinduction level. The blood pressure changes caused by orotracheal intubation did not exceed the preinduction values (P > 0.05). As compared to, the maximal HR values in these two groups during observation (from the beginning of intravenous anesthetic induction to 5 min after intubation) were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P < 0.05). The maximal RPP values in M group during observation were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P < 0.05), but no such significant difference was observed in U group (P > 0.05). The hemodynamic data at each time point during the observation had no significant differences between these two groups. (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOrotracheal intubation using the USSP and MDLS may result in similar hemodynamic responses. The standard general anaesthesia can effectively inhibit the pressor, but not the tachycardiac responses caused by orotracheal intubation via USSP or MDLS. USSP is not superior than MDLS in palliating the adverse cardiovascular stress responses to orotracheal intubation.

Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Laryngoscopes ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction.

METHODA total of 38 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome with IVC obstruction were examined by CEUS before and after vascular interventional management, and the results were compared with angiographic findings.

RESULTSThe location and degree of IVC obstruction were clearly showed on CEUS. Enhancement was found in the occlusion site, and blood flow was narrowed at the stenosis site. The arrival time was earlier after treatment in the IVC obstruction, and it was positively correlated with the pressure of IVC( P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe location and type of the occlusion and stenosis in IVC can be accurately determined by CEUS. Therefore, CEUS can provide useful information for the selection of surgical procedures and post-operative effectiveness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

Objective To study and analyze the quality safety of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus during clinical application to reduce the incidence of adverse events. Methods According to the actual use of ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and the data of quality control, the quality and safety factors of ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus during clinical application were studied by quantitative analysis of the ultrasonic source dose, image quality and etc. Results The factors affecting the quality safety of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus included the ultrasonic source dose, image quality, external environment and the operator's ability. Conclusion It is of great significance to understand the basic characteristics of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and execute periodically preventive maintenance and quality control for increasing medical service quality while decreasing the incidence of adverse events.

OBJECTIVE: To solve the problems of DNA testing in trace sample. METHODS: Applying original carrier method to detect known trace blood DNA and to compare it with the results obtained by high effective DNA extracting method of Chelex-100. RESULTS: The carrier method not only could obtain the right STR genotype in the trace blood sample, but also was twice as sensitive as the Chelex-100 method. CONCLUSION The carrier method could improve the DNA detection in trace sample. It is easy to operate and is much more valuable in the forensic case analysis.
DNA/genetics* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Resins, Synthetic ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Specimen Handling/methods* ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*