Randomized controlled trials (RCT) is the source of the raw data of evidence-based medicine. Blind method is adopted in most of the high-quality RCT. Sham acupuncture is the main form of blinded in acupuncture clinical trial. In order to improve the quality of acupuncture clinical trail, based on the necessity of sham acupuncture in clinical research, the current situation as well as the existing problems of sham acupuncture, suggestions were put forward from the aspects of new way and new designation method which can be adopted as reference, and factors which have to be considered during the process of implementing. Various subjective and objective factors involving in the process of trial should be considered, and used of the current international standards, try to be quantification, and carry out strict quality monitoring.
Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Biomedical Research ; standards ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; standards

Objective To explore the effects of application of laparoscopic simulators in teaching of plastic surgery. Methods 10 plastic surgeons and 20 standardized training surgical residents with 2 to 4 years' experience were tested about their proficiency in moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying by timing and counting. After they were trained with laparoscopic simulators 3, 6, 9 times with each time for 90 min, tests were taken. SPSS 19.0 was used to make single factor variance analysis of the related data or conduct q test. Result There was significant difference before and after the residents' training of moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying (P<0.05). Less time to finish the operation was needed after training, but after training for 6 times or 9 times, there was no significant difference in operation time (P >0.05). Conclusion Application of laparoscopic simulator training can significantly improve the operation skills of the novices with some clinical experience in the short term, which is conducive to the endoscope assisted breast augmentation surgery, and is worthy of promotion.

Objective To research application of quality control circle activity in the treatment of infantile pneumonia by aerosol inhalation. Methods Carry out the quality control circle activity with the theme of "improving the efficiency of the oxidation atomization inhalation", using the method of PDCA cycle, statistics of inhalation of children, analyze the reasons for the failure of atomization inhalation, set up the improvement target, make the countermeasure and organize the implementation. Then clinical symptoms (the time of evacuation, the time of lung rale disappearance and the time of fever suppression ), hospitalization time, Heart failure rate, nosocomial infection rate, recurrence rate, compliance, satisfaction degree, treatment effect were compared two groups of quality control circle activities before and after. Results After implementation, children with wheeze disappearance time, pulmonary rales disappeared time, cooling time, hospitalization time were significantly lower than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Incidence of heart failure, nosocomial infection rate, recurrence rate were significantly lower than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), compliance were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Nursing satisfaction were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); total effective rate were significantly higher than the before implementation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Quality control circle activity can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of children's pneumonia by aerosol inhalation, can reduce the occurrence of adverse events, is conducive to the prognosis of children, so as to improve treatment efficacy and satisfaction.

HER2, a member of epidermal growth factor receptor family proteins, is overexpressed in about 30% of human breast cancer. Increased levels of HER2 are associated with poor patient prognosis and enhanced metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) is developed recently as a new technique which can inhibit gene expression specifically in mammalian cells. On the basis of previous study,in which two target sequences with favorable RNAi effect on HER2 were identified, a series of dual promoter siRNA-expressing vectors containing two opposing U6 and H1 promoters were constructed. After transfection of HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells with the siRNA-expressing vectors, downregulation of HER2 was identified quantitatively. Subsequently, the siRNA-expressing cassettes were subcloned into lentiviral vectors by LR recombination reaction and lentivirus was prepared successfully. The results from infection of SKBR3 cells with siRNA-expressing lentivirus demonstrated that lentiviral-mediated RNAi could downregulate HER2 expression efficiently through fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR), western blot, and FACS analysis. Furthermore, cell growth was inhibited in cell proliferation assay after treatment with siRNA lentivirus.A new tool for clarifying the function of HER2 in cancer metastasis and developing the gene therapy drug was offered.

To study the transport mechanisms of drugs for transplacental treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmia, MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII cell models was used. MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII cell monolayer model was used to investigate the bi-direction transport of sotalol, propranolol, propafenone, procainamide and flecainide. Drug concentrations were measured by HPLC-UV or chemiluminescence. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)), efflux rate (R(E)) and net efflux rate (R(net)) were calculated. Drugs with R(net) greater than 1.5 were further investigated using cellular accumulation experiments with or without a BCRP inhibitor. The R(net) of sotalol, propranolol, propafenone and procainamide were less than 1.5, while R(net) of flecainide with concentrations of 20 and 5 μmol x L(-1) were 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. The results showed that the transport of flecainide on MDCKII-BCRP cell monolayer could be mediated by BCRP; and the affinity increased when the concentration of flecainide decreased. Cellular accumulation experiments further suggested that accumulation of flecainide in MDCKII-BCRP cells was significantly lower than that in MDCKII cells in a concentration-dependent manner. BCRP inhibitor quercetin (50 μmol x L(-1)) significantly increased the accumulation of flecainide in MDCKII-BCRP cells (P < 0.05). Our preliminary data showed that flecainide but not sotalol, propranolol, propafenone or procainamide can be a substrate of BCRP. Thus the effect of flecainide may be affected by the BCRP in the maternal placental trophoblast membrane layer when treating fetal tachyarrhythmia.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Dogs ; Female ; Flecainide ; metabolism ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; metabolism ; Placenta ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Tachycardia ; drug therapy

Objective:To observe the influence of radiofrequency catheter ablation of the fat pad at the right pulmonary vein- atria junction(RPV fat pad)on Bezold-Jarisch reflex(BJR)induced by veratridine in canine.Methods:Ten mongrel dogs were anesthetized and their chest were opened through a right thoracotomy to expose the RPV fat pad.Veratridine was injected into the left ventricle at bolus doses of 10?g/kg through a catheter to induce BJR.The sinus cycle length(SCL),systolic arterial pressure(SAP),diastolic arterial pressure(DAP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),left ventricle systolic pressure(LVSP), left ventricle diastolic pressure(LVDP)and mean left ventricle pressure(MLVP)were measured under the baseline and after ablation of the RPV fat pad;the changes of the above parameters(?SCL,?SAP,?DAP,?MAP,?LVSP,?LVDP,and?MLVP)were calculated.Then the same dose of veratridine was injected under the pad after ablation and the changes of the a- bove parameters were observed.Results:BJR was successfully induced in the 8 animals;the animals has prolonged sinus cycle length(SCL)and decreased MAP and MLVP.After ablation,the prolongation of SCL after injection of veratridine was markedly reduced([229.2?92.3]ms vs[39.3?14.1]ms,P

Objective: To observe the influence of sot alol on the QT dispersion in patients with atrioventricular accessory pathways u nderwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods: Thirt y-six patients were divided into 2 groups by random. One was the drug group(18 cases) treated by RFCA， and sotalol 160 mg was orally administered and intracar diac electrophysiological study was performed every 30 min for 5 times. Th e other group(control group, 18 cases) only treated by RFCA.QTd,QTcd and QTLcd w ere measured before and after RFCA. Results: There was no signif icant difference with QT dispersion before and after RFCA in control group. When compared with before RFCA, QTd in patients administered sotalol was (30.9 ±14.3) ms vs (24.7±9.6) ms; QTcd(33.7±17.1) ms vs (25.2±10.1) ms; QT Lcd(30.8±14.1)ms vs (25.6±19.4) ms (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sotalol can slightly lower QT dispersion, which is beneficial for preventing malignant ventricular arrthythmia. It is safe in RFCA in pateints with accessory pathway.

Objective To research the homology and cross reaction characteristics of human papillomavirus(HPV)16 type L2 N-terminal(1-200)protein in clinical common HPV infection types.Methods The amino acid sequences of the common HPV infection types(6,11,16,18 ,etc.)were blasted and it was found that 1-200 N-terminal sequence of L2 protein was highly homologous.The gene of HPV16 L2(1-200)was amplificated from tissue sample of cervical cancer patient and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector PGEX-4T-1 to construct the recombinant plasmid PGEX-4T-1-HPV16 L2(1-200).After sequencing identification,the recombinant plasmid was tranformed into E.coli BL21(DE3).Induced by IPTG,the fusion protein containing HPV16 L2(1-200)was expressed and analyzed by both SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Furthermore,the specific binding capacity of the fusion protein to the HPV 6,11,16 and 18 DNA positive patient serums were analyzed by Western blot.The fusion protein was purified with Ni-NTA Agarose Kit and coated with ELISA reaction plates.The specific serum IgG of 98 condyloma acuminatum patients,135 cervix cancer patients and 96 healthy control subjects were detected respectively by indirect ELISA.Results After comparing the amino acid sequences of the common HPV infection types(HPV6,11,16,18,etc.),We found that the homology of HPV L2(1-200)reached 52.7%-74.3%.The recombinant plasmid PGEX-4T-1-HPV 16 L2(1-200)was constructed successfully.Highly expressed HPV16 L2(1-200)fusion protein was obtained and the expression level was account for up to about 22.6% of total bacterial protein.The relative molecular mass(Mr)of the fusion protein is about 49×103,which matches up to the expected Mr Meanwhile,the serums of HPV 6,11,16,18 DNA positive patients were used as the first antibody and the specific band was detected respectively at about 49 × 103 by Western blot.Indirect ELISA showed that the A490 values of the specific IgG of condyloma acuminatum group,cervical cancer group and healthy control subjects were 0.753 ± 0.262,0.756 ± 0.274 and 0.178 ± 0.157 with the positive rate were 89.8%,88.9% and 9.4% respectively.There was no significance of the specific IgG between condyloma acuminatum group and cervical cancer group(P＞0.05),but it was significant among the three groups(P＜0.001).Conclusion The N-terminal 1-200 amino acids of HPV L2 has high homology and there exits cross reaction among the most common HPV infection types.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on mitochondrial fission in a rat hippocampal neuron model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury.Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =42 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);vehicle group (group V);H/R group;H/R+propofol group (group H/R+P).In group V,H/R was not produced,the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide with the final concentration of 0.01％ was added,and the cells were then incubated for 6 h.In group H/R,the hippocampal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by 20 h reoxygenation.In group H/R+P,propofol with the final concentration of 1 μmol/L was added at 6 h of hypoxia.At 20 h of reoxygenation,the cell apoptosis (using flow cytometry),Ca2+ concentrations in cytoplasm (with the laser scanning confocal microscope),calcineurin (CaN) activities (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and expression of mitochondrial fission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission 1 (Fis1),and apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) (by Western blot) were measured.The apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptotic rate,Ca2+concentrations,CaN activities,and expression of Drp1,Fis1,Cyt c and AIF were significantly increased in H/R and H/R+P groups (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned a2+.bove in group V (P＞0.05).Compared with group H/R,the apoptotic rate,Ca+ concentrations,CaN activities,and expression of Drp1,Fis1,Cyt c and AIF were significantly decreased in group H/R+P (P＜0.05).Conclusion Propofol can reduce the H/R injury to rat hippocampal neurons through inhibiting mitochondrial fission.

Objective To investigate whether the effect of transient high glucose on inflammatory factors expression could be continuous in rat glomerular mesangial cell,and its relation with histone methylation modification.Methods Rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-l) were divided into three groups:the high glucose group (25.0 mmol/L glucose),the hypertonic group (MA,5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 19.5 mmol/L mannitol) and the normal-glucose control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose),which were cultured for 24 h respectively.All 3 groups were then changed with normal-glucose medium to culture for 24 h,48 h and 72 h.Their protein,mRNA and supernatant were harvested.The protein expressions of mono-methylation of H3 lysine 4 (H3K4mel) was measured by Western blotting,and the mRNA expressions of NF-κB subunit p65 and set7/9 were determined by real timequantitative PCR.The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results (1)Compared with those in normal control group,the expressions of H3K4mel protein and set7/9 mRNA were first up-regulated in high glucose group,then gradually down-regulated in the following 48 h normal-glucose medium (as compared with those at 0 h,all P ＜ 0.05).At 72 h there was no statistic difference between high glucose group and normal control group (all P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared with those in normal control group,the up-regulated p65 mRNA,VCAM-1 and MCP-1 sustained at least for 72 h in high glucose group.Conclusions Transient high glucose can induce persistent inflammatory factors expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells,which may via histone modification.