Objective To observe the changes of hippocampal NogoA-NgR1 signaling on postoperative cognitive function (POCD) in aged mice, and explore the potential underling mechanism.Methods Isoflurane anesthesia and laparotomy were applied to establish the POCD model.Forty aged male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=10): group O2+saline (group OS), group O2+NEP1-40 (group ON), group isoflurane anesthesia+laparotomy surgery+saline (group SS), and group isoflurane anesthesia+laparotomy surgery+NEP1-40 (group SN).Cannula placement was performed into lateral ventricle 7 days before the surgery.Animals were subjected to an administration of NEP1-40 (20 μg/2 μl) or isochoric saline via intracerebroventricular injection once daily for 8 consecutive days, injection was given from 2 h before isoflurane anesthesia to the last behavioral test.Open field test was performed at 5th d after operation.Contextual and cued fear conditioning training and testing were exhibited at 6th and 7th d after operation, respectively.The hippocampus was harvested 2 h after the behavioral test.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of NogoA, NgR1, RhoA, ROCK2 and GAP43.Golgi staining was applied to measure the changes of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 area.Results Compared with the groups OS and ON, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly decreased, the contents of NogoA, NgR1, RhoA and ROCK2 were significantly increased, the content of GAP43 and the number of dendritic spine were significantly decreased in group SS (P<0.05).Compared with the group SS, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly increased, the contents of RhoA and ROCK2 were significantly decreased, the content of GAP43 and the number of dendritic spine were significantly increased in group SN (P<0.05).Conclusion Over-activated of hippocampal NogoA-NgR1 signaling participated in the pathogenesis of POCD in aged mice.

Objective To analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype in the diseases associated with HPV infection and explore the role of HPV genotype in these diseases. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out to compare HPV genotypes of 353 outpatients suffering the diseases associated with HPV infection including cervical caner,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN),genital duc condyloma,and subclinical cervical human papillomavirus infection (SPI) in our department from January to October 2008. HybriMax were used to detect HPV genotype. The distribution data of HPV genotype were statistically analyzed. Results Totally 176 HPV positive females were found with a positive rate of 49.86%. HPV positive rate in cervical cancer was 100%,and all of them were high risk HPV. The positive rate was increased with the severity of CIN,and the higher histological-grade was,the higher HPV positive rate was (P

Objective: To explore the factors affecting the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) among HIV/AIDS patients, so as to provide insights into developing HAND prevention measures. Methods: HIV/AIDS patients aged 18 years and above in the Infection Department of Nanjing Second Hospital were selected.Demographic data, treatment regimen and blood biochemical indicators were collected. Depression was evaluated using Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, frailty was evaluated using Chinese version of Tilburg Frailty Indicator, and HAND was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Factors affecting HAND were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 440 questionnaires were allocated and 426 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.82%. The median age of patients investigated was 33.00 (interquartile range, 10.00) year. There were 407 males, accounting for 95.54%; 232 patients with bachelor degree or above, accounting for 54.46%; 171 patients with HAND, accounting for 40.14%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that educational level (bachelor degree or above, OR=0.291, 95%CI: 0.157-0.541), depression (OR=2.499, 95%CI: 1.530-4.083), frailty (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.307-3.441) and treatment regimen including efavirenz (OR=2.223, 95%CI: 1.367-3.615) were the influencing factors for HAND among HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion Educational level, depression, frailty and use of efavirenz may be associated with HAND risk.

Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

Aim To Compare the quality of Pinellia Tubers between Nanchong Sichuan and relevant areas in order to standardize plant and to provide evidence for further exploitation and application. Methods Expectorant experiment was conducted with methods of washing mice's respiratory tract with phenol red and antitussive effect, with ammomia caused mice cough. Results In the experiment of expectorant effect, oral administration of the water or the ethanol extracts of pinellia Tubers showed no obvious expectorant effect, it also showed no significant difference compared with control NS. In the antitussive effect experiment, however the water or the ethanol extracts of pinellia Tuhers prolonged the incubation period and reduced the frequency of coughing. It presented significant difference compared with the control NS and clear time-effect relationship. Conclusion Pinellia Tubers from Nanchong Sichuan and relevant areas showed no apparent expectorant effect and have destinct antitussive effect. As for antitussive effects, water extracts were stronger than those of ethanol extracts, and wild Pinellia Tubers outmatched planted ones. Antitussive effect of wild Pinellia Tubers samples was rather stronger from Nanchong, Guangan, Suining, and Liangshan of Sichuan and Xihe Gansu.

The zinc chloride and cystine resistant strain of S.cerevisiae YZM-14(ZnCl2r,Cysr) was screened with the mutant processing of the protoplast of S.cerevisiae by combinative mutagens of ultraviolet and nitrite.The glutathione(GSH) production(84.72 mg/L),dry cell weight(7.63 g/L) and the intracellular GSH content(11.10 mg/g) of YZM-14 were 2.79,1.63 and 1.71 times compared with that of the initial strain.The biosynthetic process of GSH was divided into three phases according to the time course of the specific cell growth rate and GSH yielding coefficient.In the second phase,the metabolic flux of the pentose phosphate pathway and the GSH precursors biosynthetic pathway of the mutant strain increased by 8.1 mmol/(g?h),compared with that of the initial strain.Furthermore,the metabolic flux of the organic acids secretion of the mutant strain decreased.Through these mechanisms,the utilization efficiency of the carbon sources was enhanced and high production of GSH was obtained.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of total flavonoids of epimedium (TFE) on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats and discuss the possible mechanism.

METHODSDiabetes was produced by a single injection of streptozocin (40 mg/kg, iv) in male SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, model group and TFE group (100 mg/kg, ig). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later. The level of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as well as the renal index were determined. Detect the specific biochemical of renal tissue: superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA). Use masson staining to observe the morphology of the renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).

RESULTSCompared to control group, the enhancement of blood glucose, renal index, BUN and Cr was found in model group, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with TFE. Meanwhile, elevated MDA level in renal tissue as well as decreased SOD activities in renal tissue were significantly remitted by TFE. Furthermore, TFE decreased the expression of TGF-beta1.

CONCLUSIONTFE can evidently relieve renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ, which might be related to antioxidation and modulating the expression of TGF-beta1 protein.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the clinical,neuroimage,and neuropsychological profiles of semantic dementia (SD).Methods Detailed medical history were collected on 18 SD patients.Brain MRI scans were administered.Neuropsychological evaluation taping semantic memory (things naming),overall cognitive function ( Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE),visuoconstructive skill ( Clock Drawing Test,CDT), daily functional ability (Activities of Daily Living, ADL), neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory,NPI),and disease severity (Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Modified Clinical Dementia Rating Scale,FTLD-CDR) were performed on all patients.Results The mean age at onset was (60.6 ± 8.5 ) years,with 5 cases over 65. All patients developed progressive word-finding difficulty and anomic speech.Ten patients complained significant memory impairment and 14 experienced behavioral disturbance.Five patients were previously diagnosed as Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and 1 as schizophrenia.All patients developed marked semantic memory impairment both for living things and nonliving things.The mean score on MMSE was 10.94 ± 8.86,with 16 cases performed incorrectly on naming.Mean score on CDT copy was 4.61 ±0.85,with 14 cases scored normally.Mean score on ADL was 29.72 ± 8.75.Cases with a 5-year course showed a significant overall decline.Fourteen cases presented behavior symptoms and scored 8.00 ± 7.22 on NPI.All patients scored worst on language domain among all the domains evaluated in FTLD-CDR.Atrophy,typically involving the left anterior temporal was shown on MRI scans.However,predominantly right temporal atrophy was observed in one patient.Atrophy confined to the temporal lobe in patients with early stage and extended to the contralateral temporal,frontal lobe,and parietal lobe as disease progression. Conclusions Current study suggested that SD tend to develop in presenile age.However,about 1/3 cases develop the disease after 65 years. Deficit in language is the earliest and most prominent symptom. Behavior change is prevalent as well. Patients are commonly misdiagnosed as AD or lack a definite diagnosis.Visuoconstructive skill and other abilities are relatively preserved in the early stage.With progression into the 5th years,overall decline comes inevitably.Brain scans can reflect the disease characteristics and progression. Of note,there exists individual with right dominant atrophy.

BACKGROUND: Surgical guides designed based on a three-dimensional cone-beam CT (CBCT) model have been reported. However, CBCT cannot remodel fine soft tissue such as gums, and it can only be used to design a simple dental retainer with relatively poor stability. OBJECTIVE: To establish a high-precision three-dimensional (3D) integrated maxillodental model by matching CBCT model with 3D digital maxillodental model using 3D automatic registration method, based on which, we designed and manufactured individualized miniscrew surgical guides. METHODS: CBCT maxillodental models and laser-scanned dentition models obtained from six malocclusion cases were matched and overlapped using the 3D automatic registration method to fabricate the 3D integrated maxillodental model. Then, we accurately positioned and virtually implanted a micro-implant into the 3D integrated maxillodental model. Subsequently we prepared a high-precision individualized resin surgical guide by rapid prototyping technology. The inner diameter of the guide track was detected by a vernier caliper. Patients tried on the resin surgical guide, and then occlusion condition, guide seating and retention were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to the high-precision registration of the model, all the resin surgical guide plates were suitable. The plate retention was enhanced after tooth clinching, and all the patients felt comfort when wearing the surgical guide plate, with no compression or other discomforts. The inner diameter of the guide track was (1.79±0.23) mm, and the measurement error was not statistically significant (P >0.05). These findings demonstrate that the high-precision surgical guide plate based on the high-precision 3D integrated model can provide the foundation for further investigations on the clinical application of surgical guides.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of determining the breast cancer extension with diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC).Methods Fifty-nine lesions(57 patients)were studied by using DWI and ADC measurement before surgical excision.The cancer extension was investigated on ADC maps with different b values(b=500 and 1000 s?mm~(-2))according to the threshold values discussed before.The lesion extension on dynamic enhanced images and on DWI was used for comparison.The tumor extension was determined by calculating two lines.Line one:the maximum diameter of lesion.Line two:perpendicular line crossing the midpoint of line one.All measurement was compared with the pathologic specimen.Results(1)There were 48 invasive ductal carcinomas,6 ductal carcinomas in situ with small invasive foci,3 mucinous carcinomas,and 2 medullary carcinomas.(2)The low ADC value on ADC maps at b=500 and 1000 s?mm~(-2)was described as cancer extension.The measurement results were compared to pathologic figures and the pattern of correlation was categorized into 3 groups:Group 1,the area of low ADC values was almost the same as the pathological tumor extension; Group 2(overdiagnosis),the area of low ADC values was wider and more than 20% larger than the area of tumor extension;Group 3(false negative),no area of low ADC value was observed.There were no significant difference between DWI with b of 500 and b of 1000 s?mm~(-2)(X~2=0.160,P=0.689;X~2= 0.172,P=0.679)in Groups 1 and Group 3.There were 2 lesions in Group 2,which were consistent in DWI with b of 500 and b of 1000 s?mm~(-2).There were 14 misdiagnosed lesions,including overdiagnosis in 2 lesions and false negative in 12 lesions.Eight lesions measured at DWI with b of 500 and b of 1000 s? mm~(-2)were not consistent.Five lesions were diagnosed correctly at DWI with b of 500 s?mm~(-2),three of them were duetal carcinomas in situ with small invasive foci.(3)The extension of lesion on dynamic enhanced imaging was measured at 4 minutes after enhancement,and was compared with the extension measured at the same slice on DWI map.Pathologic figures were regarded as the gold standard.The extension of 47 lesions(80%)on enhanced images accorded with DWI.The abnormal area on DWI,which was consistent with pathologic figures,was wider than the area on enhanced images in 8 lesions.Of them,3 lesions were mucinous carcinomas and 5 lesions were grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas.Conclusion DWI and ADC value have the potential in evaluating the cancer extension.The accuracy of extension measured on DWI map was better than that on dynamic enhanced images for some kinds of breast cancers.