Objective To study the effects of ibuprofen on the growth and development of oligodendrocytes. Methods A total of 6 clean and healthy adult female SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were used for extracting and culturing of oligodendrocytes(OLs).Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)was then added,and the morphological changes of OLs pre-treatment and post-treatment were observed. Then 6 newborn rats (born 24-48 h) were used for mixed glial cell extraction from the cortex, then the OPCs were inoculated into the culture plates and randomly divided into control group, ibuprofen group, lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)group and LPA+ibuprofen group.After the adhering of the cells in each group for three days, cell morphology was observed,and the drugs were added as interventions.The control group was treated with normal saline, and the other 3 groups were added with saline solution of ibuprofen(100 μmol/L),LPA(1.0 μmol/L)and the mixture of them. The cell morphological changes were observed after 7-day intervention.The morphology of OPCs and OLs were observed by immunofluorescence staining through OPCs'specific immune markers (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, PDGFR-α)and OLs'specific immune markers(myelin basic protein,MBP)along with cell count of mature OLs.Western blot assay was used to detect the relative expression level of MBP in each group. Results After the treatment with LPA to the mature OLs,protrusions were shrinking and became very sparse.The morphology of cells developed well in each group after cell adhering for 3 days. After drug intervention for 7 days, more cell protrusions and branches were observed in ibuprofen group and LPA+ibuprofen group than those of the control group and LPA group.The results of cell count showed that the number of MBP positive cells was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group and LPA+ibuprofen group than that in the control group and LPA group(P<0.01).The results of Western blot assay showed that the MBP protein expression was significantly less in LPA group than the other three groups (P<0.01), and the expression was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group than that of LPA+ibuprofen group (P<0.01). Conclusion LPA has a toxic effect on the growth and development of OPCs, and it has an inhibitory effect on the normal growth of mature OLs. A certain concentration of ibuprofen can significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of LPA on OPCs and OLs,and promote the formation and maintenance of mature OLs.

BACKGROUND:There is a lack of evidence about the application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESVTr) in frozen shoulder contracture syndrome.OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the effectiveness of EST for frozen shoulder.METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed,ScienceDirect,The Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of knowledge,CNKI,WanFang and CqVip databases was performed for articles related to ESWT for frozen shoulder published before May 10,2016.Randomized controlled trials or randomized controlled crossover trials were screened.The Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software,and publication bias was assessed by Berg and Egger tests on Stata1 1.0 software.The continuous variables were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95％ confidence interval (CI),and binary variables were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95％ Cl.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eleven trials were enrolled involving 816 participants.ESWT could effectively alleviate shoulder pain (P ＜ 0.05,/2=54％).When excluded the trials of which control groups were medical interventions,the direction of the outcome did not change.ESVVT was beneficial for the participants in terms of range of motion except extension,the changes in shoulder flexion (P ＜ 0.05,/2=28％),shoulder abduction (P ＜ 0.000 01,/2=17％),shoulder internal rotation (P ＜ 0.05,/2=0％),shoulder external rotation (P ＜ 0.05,/2=43％).However,there is no evidence of the effectiveness of ESWT versus control (conventional therapy) for improving the range of shoulder extension.ESWT could increase the efficiency of treating frozen shoulder (P ＜ 0.05,/2=0.0％) and efficacy of curing frozen shoulder (P ＜ 0.05,/2=0.0％) compared with other interventions,and with no significant difference in the drop rate.These results indicate that ESWT can effectively alleviate the pain of frozen shoulder,expand the range of shoulder flexion,abduction,internal and external rotation,as well as improve the therapeutic efficiency and cure rate in the treatment of frozen shoulder.

Objective To analyze the drug resistant characteristics of 84 clinical isolated Helicobacter pylori (Hp) strains, and to observe the inhibitory effects of anti-Hp Lactobacillus acidophilus (La)4 and La6 on different antibiotic-resistant Hp strains. Methods Hp strains were isolated and cultured from gastric mucosa of 84 different gastropathy patients (20 patients with chronic gastritis, 24 with gastric ulcer, 19 with duodenal ulcer and 16 with gastric cancer). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin were tested by E-test in order to determine the resistance of these three antibiotics in clinical isolated Hp strains. With standard La as control, the supernatant of anti-Hp La4 and La6 was added into Hp strains culture wells. Hp strains were cultured in solid media for 72 hours, and then inhibition ring were recorded. Anti-Hp Lactobacillus acidophilus liquid was also added to culture medium of different Hp strains, which were in liquid culture, culture medium were taken at different time points (4,8,12,24,48 hrs) to calculate bacteria colony number and test urease activity. Results In 84 clinical isolated Hp strains, the resistant rates of metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin resistance rates were 67.9%, 17.9% and 1.2% respectively. Of those 11 strains were mixed drug resistance, which included 10 strains of metronidazole and clarithromycin mixed drug resistance, and one of metronidazole and amoxicillin mixed drug resistance. In solid culture conditions, supernatant of anti-Hp Lactobacillus acidophilus La4 and La6 had obvious inhibitory effect on antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Hp strains. In liquid culture conditions, anti-Hp Lactobacillu acidophilus La4 and La6 bacterium liquid could inhibit the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Hp strains, the antagonistic role was significantly stronger than the standard Lactobacillus acidophilus strains (P<0.05). The urease activity of antibiotic-resistant Hp strains was inhibited since mixed cultured with anti-Hp Lactobacillu acidophilus La4 and La6 for 4 hours, the urease activity gradually decreased as culture time extended, and the inhibitory role was significantly stronger than the standard Lactobacillus acidophilus strains (P<0.05). Conclusions In 84 Hp strains, most were metronidazole resistant strains, followed by clarithromycin resistant strains, metronidazole and clarithromycin mixed resistance strains. In vitro, anti-Hp Lactobacillu acidophilus La4 and La6 had obvious inhibitory effects on antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Hp strains.

Pseudomonas sp. M18 is one of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria capable of producing two kinds of anti-fungal agents: phenazine-1-carboxilic acid (PCA) and pyoluteorin (Plt). The pqsR gene, which encodes a LysR family member PqsR, was amplified from chromosomal genome of strain M18. Using the homologous recombination technique, a chromosomal pqsR inactivated mutant strain M18PRG was constructed in Pseudomonas sp. M18. To study the effect of pqsR gene on Plt biosynthesis, the dynamic curves of Plt production by strains M18 and M18PRG was measured in KMB media. As a result, Plt production of the pqsR mutant was three to four folds higher than that of its parent strain M18. The Plt production was restored to the wild-type level when strain M18PRG was complemented with pqsR gene in trans. The regulation of pqsR gene on Plt production was further confirmed by the pltA′-′lacZ translational fusion analysis. These results indicate that pqsR gene negatively controls the Plt biosynthesis. Additionally, by analyzing the growth curves of wild type strain M18 and pqsR mutant, wecan readily find that PqsR has a negative influence on cell growth. It was also shown that the production of red pigments in strain M18 required the expression of pqsR gene. In conclusion, the data presented in this study clearly demonstrate that PqsR acts as a global regulator involved in many physiological activities in Pseudomonas sp. M18.

OBJECTIVETo have a retrospective review of the patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with clinical and radiological assessment, and observe changing of graft after procedure and assess correlation between graft collapse and recurrence of radiculopathy.

METHODSSixty-seven consecutive patients undergoing ALIF only at L(4 - 5) with autologous iliac crest graft for intervertebral disc prolapse were followed-up for an average of 14 (2.5 - 32) years. The effect of the fusion was examined by the existence of radiolucent lines and bony continuity on plain radiographs and tomographs, or mobility on flexion-extension radiographs. The disc height was also measured. Lower limb radiculopathy was assessed based on the symptom and examination. Paired samples t-test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSSixty-four patients with successful fusion were analyzed (fusion rate: 96%). All measurements in this study were completed by the same author, and the measurement error of more than 2 mm was statistically significant. According to this, graft collapse occurred in 55 patients (86%) and 9 patients (14%) had no graft collapse. In these 55 cases, the original disc height was (12.1 +/- 2.9) mm, increased immediately after the surgery to (16.2 +/- 1.9) mm, however re-narrowed to (12.9 +/- 2.7) mm at the first observation of solid fusion (a mean of 9 months, ranging from 5 to 14 months), which was not significant different compared to the original. There was no significant change in disc height after solid fusion and the disc space at the final follow-up was (12.6 +/- 2.3) mm. There was no radiculopathy observed in 52 cases (95%) during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONDisc space re-narrowing was observed in most cases after single level ALIF of L(4 - 5), however it was rarely less than the initial and unlikely to result in recurrence of radiculopathy.

Adult ; Equipment and Supplies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Lumbosacral Region ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Autologous ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo incorporate an antibacterial monomer, methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMAE-CB), into a dental adhesive, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (Sm) of this DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive after being cured.

METHODSDMAE-CB was incorporated into a dimethacrylates-based dental adhesive as experimental group. The adhesive without DMAE-CB served as a negative control. Thirty-nine specimens were fabricated for each group. The effects of the cured adhesives on the growth and adherence of Sm were evaluated with growth inhibition assay and spectrophotometry respectively. The influence of aging treatment and saliva treatment on the antibacterial efficiency of the modified adhesive was evaluated. Moreover, the bacterial growth of Sm in the eluents of two different adhesives was examined.

RESULTSCompared with negative control, the cured DMAE-CB-incorporated dental adhesive exhibited inhibitory effect on the growth and adherence of Sm. The inhibition rate was 99% and the absorbance value was (0.332 +/- 0.063) for experimental group, significantly lower than that of negative control (0.434 +/- 0.093, P = 0.021). Moreover, after aging treatment the DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive could still inhibit the growth and adherence of Sm; the inhibition rate was 99%, and the absorbance value of experimental group was (0.372 +/- 0.062), significantly lower than that of negative control (0.455 +/- 0.066, P = 0.022). After saliva treatment the DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive could still inhibit the growth and adherence of Sm; the inhibition rate was 90%, and the absorbance value of experimental group was (0.299 +/- 0.061), significantly lower than that of negative control (0.370 +/- 0.068, P = 0.045). However, the eluent of DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive didn't show inhibitory effect on the growth of Sm when compared with negative control, and the antibacterial effect and the doubling time of experimental group [(130.5 +/- 8.4) min] had no statistical difference than negative control [(126.4 +/- 7.0) min, P = 0.298].

CONCLUSIONSThe incorporation of DMAE-CB can render the dental adhesive with antibacterial activity after polymerization via influencing the growth and adherence of Sm.

Ammonium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; pharmacology ; Streptococcus mutans ; drug effects

OBJECTIVESepsis and septic shock remain a common problem that results in significant mortality and morbidity in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). According to literature, the use of more physiologic steroid replacement therapy is associated with hemodynamic and survival benefits in adult patients with relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) and catecholamine-resistant septic shock. But little information is available in children. The aim of the current prospective study was to determine the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in children with sepsis and septic shock using a low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test (1 microg/1.73 m2) in children.

METHODSThe authors performed cortisol estimation at baseline and after low-dose (1 microg/1.73 m2) ACTH stimulation at 30 mins in children during the first 24 hours in patients with sepsis or septic shock admitted to our PICU. Adrenal insufficiency was defined as a response < or = 90 microg/L. Absolute adrenal insufficiency (AAI) was further defined as baseline cortisol (T0) < 200 microg/L and RAI insufficiency by T0 > or = 200 microg/L.

RESULTSSixty-two consecutive cases with sepsis and septic shock admitted to PICU of Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital from April, 2006 to March, 2007. The median age was 37.6 months (range, 2 - 168 months), and their gender distribution was 42 (67.7%) males and 20 (32.3%) females, 53 cases had sepsis (85.5%) and 9 had septic shock (14.5%). The mean pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) was 79.3 +/- 9.2 and median pediatric risk of mortality score (PRMSIII) 11.3 (5 - 19), respectively. Overall mortality of sepsis and septic shock was 27.42%. The evaluation of adrenal insufficiency was conducted as follows. (1) The mean cortisol levels at baseline (T0) and 30 mins after ACTH stimulation (T1) were (318.6 +/- 230.4) microg/L, (452.3 +/- 230.7) microg/L and (454.7 +/- 212.7) microg/L, (579.3 +/- 231.9) microg/L in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock group, respectively. There were no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) The proportion of patients with adrenal insufficiency in the study population was 40.3% as defined by a response < or = 90 microg/L post test. The proportion of patients with adrenal insufficiency in sepsis and septic shock were 39.6% and 44.4%, respectively (chi2) = 0.073, P > 0.05). (3) The serum T0 and T1 levels were (320.5 +/- 223.9) microg/L, (462.3 +/- 212.0) microg/L and (384.3 +/- 258.3) microg/L, (500.7 +/- 470.6) microg/L, respectively, and the proportion of patients with adrenal insufficiency were 37.8% and 47.1% in the survivors and the dead (P > 0.05). The levels of T0 and T1 were related to the PCIS (P < 0.05). The morbidity of adrenal insufficiency was not related to the PCIS, PRISMIII, and number of organ that developed functional insufficiency (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAdrenal insufficiency may occur in patients with sepsis and septic shock in children. ACTH stimulation test may be helpful to determine whether corticosteroid therapy has a survival benefit in patients with relative adrenal insufficiency. A low-dose ACTH stimulation test can be used to evaluate the adrenal function status of severe sepsis and septic shock in children.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Sepsis ; physiopathology ; Shock, Septic ; physiopathology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; physiopathology

Objective·To explore the correlation of etomidate dose and bispectral index (BIS) in children with congenital heart disease shunting from left to right during anesthesia induction. Methods·After general anesthesia induction to 24 children with congenital heart disease shunting from left to right, sevoflurane inhaling was stopped in order to make the BIS value gradually return to 80. Intravenous injection of etomidate was sustained by 0.3 mg/(kg·min) until the BIS value reached 40. The heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and central venous pressure (CVP) of the patients were recorded when BIS value was 80, 70, 60, 50,and 40, respectively.The correlation of etomidate dose and BIS value in the children during anesthesia induction was analyzed. Results·There were no significant hemodynamic changes when the BIS value were from 80 to 40. The amount of etomidate was highly negatively correlated with the BIS value (r=-0.769, P<0.01), the average dose of etomidate in children under 2 years of age was significantly higher than that in children over 2 years old (P=0.034). Conclusion·The etomidate dose is highly negatively correlated with the BIS value. Etomidate has less influence on hemodynamic parameters of children with congenital heart disease shunting from left to right. The BIS value may have relationship with patients'age.

Epsilon 3xenergy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF) was used to analyze the major and minor elements in marine sediments collected from the Indian Ocean on-site. Results obtained by EDXRF were compared with those by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in the laboratory A total of 24 elements in marine sediment samples,namely Al2O3,MgO,Fe2O3,Na2O,K2O,CaO,Mn,P,Ti,Ba,Sr,V,Zn, Zr, Co,Ni,Cu,Ga,Rb,Y,Nb,Mo,Nd,Pb and Th were measured,and a good agreement was found for these elements(R2>0.9),except for Al2O3,and Ga,Nb and Th with content lower than 30 μg/g. The mean relative deviations of EDXRF method were less than 10% for all of the above mentioned major elements, except for MgO in low concentration and P in high concentration. The mean relative deviations were less than 25% for all of the above mentioned trace elements,except for Sr(>700 μg/g),Mo(<20 μg/g) and Nb. In general, precision and accuracy of EDXRF method were good enough for detection of marine sediments. Taking into account all these facts, the EDXRF method proposed here was proved to be an effective tool for element determination in marine sediment on-site,and it would provide a new technical support to investigate the spatial distribution of mineral resources in marine geological survey.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Methylamines