Introduction: Around 1.35 million people die due to road traffic accidents yearly. In the Philippines, there is an increasing trend of mortality and morbidity caused by road crashes. Objective: The objective of the study is to show the epidemiology of transport and vehicular crash (TVC) cases in the Philippines using the Department of Health (DOH) Online National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (ONEISS) from 2010 to 2019. Methods: We used data from ONEISS, a web-based system to electronically capture injury-related data from health facilities, store data in a centralized and secure location, process and consolidate data, and transform this data into meaningful information. For Transport and Vehicular Crash cases, risk factors such as drug use, alcohol use, mobile phone use, seatbelt, and helmet use are included. There are also data on vehicle type, place of crash, and activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed to explore and analyze the ONEISS dataset, particularly the epidemiology of transport and vehicular crashes (TVC). Results: There were a total of 296,760/894,989 (31%) patients admitted due to transport and vehicular crash (TVC) based on the 10-year data from ONEISS (2010–2019). There was an increasing trend in the number of transport/ vehicular crashes (TVC) during this period, with an average increase of 25.58% cases per year. Most victims were drivers (45.6%), males (72.5%), and from the younger age group (0-30 years old). Fatal crashes were observed to occur from 6:00 pm to 5:00 am while most accidents occurred during leisure activities (32.5%). The highest reported contributing factor was drunk driving (n = 25,537). There was observed low compliance on the use of vehicular safety equipment. The most common types of injuries for the TVC victims were abrasions, contusions, burns, and concussions while the vehicle most involved in TVC was the motorcycle. Motorcycle use was found to be associated with worse emergency room (ER) outcomes (p <.0001) and the highest injury types such as multiple injuries, abrasion, avulsion and burn. Alcohol use was also significantly associated with multiple injuries, abrasion, avulsion, burn, open fracture, open wound, and amputation (p < 0.05). Conclusion The trend of road traffic vehicular crashes affecting mainly the younger population has economic repercussions. Motorcycles are also most involved in crashes, hence, the need for motorcycle safety laws in the country. There is also a need to strengthen current laws and legislation governing road safety and to focus on structuring a systematic post-crash response for both the local government and hospitals throughout the Philippines.
Accidents, Traffic ; Alcoholic Intoxication

No abstract available.
Hyponatremia ; Motor Activity* ; Water Intoxication ; Weather*

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder that requires careful management. Water intoxication with hyponatremia is rare condition that originated from overhydration. Water intoxication, also known as dilutional hyponatremia, develops only because the intake of water exceeds the kidney's ability to eliminate water. Causes of this water intoxication include psychiatric disorder, forced water intake as a form of child abuse and iatrogenic infusion of excessive hypotonic fluid. We experienced and reported a case of symptomatic hyponatremia by forced water intake as a form of child abuse.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Water Intoxication

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder that requires careful management. Water intoxication with hyponatremia is rare condition that originated from overhydration. Water intoxication, also known as dilutional hyponatremia, develops only because the intake of water exceeds the kidney's ability to eliminate water. Causes of this water intoxication include psychiatric disorder, forced water intake as a form of child abuse and iatrogenic infusion of excessive hypotonic fluid. We experienced and reported a case of symptomatic hyponatremia by forced water intake as a form of child abuse.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Water Intoxication

Cyclophosphamide is frequently used for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis, but is very rarely associated with dilutional hyponatremia. Recently we experienced a case of water intoxication following low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Five hours after one dose of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide 750 mg, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, and general weakness. Serum sodium concentration revealed 114 mEq/L and her hyponatremia was initially treated with hypertonic saline infusion. Then her serum sodium concentration rapidly recovered to normal with water restriction alone. During the course of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide therapy, one must be aware of the possibility of significant water retention.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Lupus Nephritis ; Nausea ; Sodium ; Vomiting ; Water Intoxication*

There appeared remarkably common disorder of water balance in psychiatric patients. Approximately 30% of the chronic inpatient population drinks fluids excessively, so called polydipsic, while 5% suffers episodes of water intoxication. Water intoxication is a serious problem characterized by profound hyponatremia and a diverse neurologic signs ranging from ataxia, confusion to death. The cause of polydipsia is even less clear. Although previous studies have suggested that it is related to cognitive dysfunction the possibility of an abnormality in the osmoregulation of thirst has not been investigated. But there is the hypothesis that polydipsic, hyponatremic schizophrenics exhibit increased neuroendocrine and behavioral sensitivity to dopamine in mesolimbic tracts, in proportion to the severity of their osmoregulatory disturbance. In order to provide the optimal clinical management of these common disturbances, the author will review their pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and relationship with mental illness.
Ataxia ; Dopamine ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Inpatients ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Osmoregulation ; Polydipsia* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Thirst ; Vasopressins* ; Water Intoxication*

Water intoxication associated with hyponatremia is a rare and sometimes fatal complication of oxytocin. We report a 18-year-old primigravida who presented with vomiting, seizures, and stuporous mental state after abortion with oxytocin infusion. The serum sodium was 116 mEq/L and serum osmolality was 234 mosm/kg. The serum sodium level as well as clinical symptoms were improved after hypertonic saline infusion. We suggest that the serum electrolytes and osmolarity should be examined in patients who presenting with seizure and altered mental state with history of labour or abortion.
Adolescent ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxytocin ; Seizures* ; Sodium ; Stupor ; Vomiting ; Water Intoxication*

PURPOSE: In response to a growing threat of violence in hospitals, we examined a specific educational effort to reduce emergency department (ED) violence in the shortterm. METHODS: Cross-sectional prospective surveys were conducted at Chosun University Hospital Emergency Center during a baseline period from May 26 to Jul. 9. 2003, and during a post-education period from Aug. 7 to Sep. 20. 2003. Questions addressed the degree of violence, the reason for the violence, demographic information about the perpetrator of the violence, the outbreak time of the violence and the response of emergency personnel. RESULTS: After an education program on violence, the rate of violent events in the ED was decreased by 23.5%. A notable change was that ED workers handled the violence more positively during the post-education period by isolating or restraining the aggressor. Almost all of the violence was caused by males, particularly those in their third or fourth decade. The violence occurred mostly on the night shift. Of the violence, 52.4% was caused by the patient while 34.8% was caused by the patient's guardian. The leading causes of violence were drunkenness and delays in laboratory tests and treatment. Verbal abuse and threats were the most concern forms of violence. CONCLUSION: Violent events are frequent in the ED. Education programs may reduce the number of events at least temporarily.
Alcoholic Intoxication ; Education* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Violence*

Radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) after surgery reduces local recurrence and cancer related death. Cases of hyponatremia after preparation for RAIT have rarely been reported. We report 4 cases of hyponatremia which developed after RAIT. The cause of hyponatremia seemed to be related with over ingestion of free water which is recommended during RAIT. These cases highlighted the importance of weight adjusted water ingestion during RAIT.
Eating ; Humans ; Hyponatremia* ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Iodine* ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Water ; Water Intoxication

Bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome is a rare clinical entity that can be complicated by rhabdomyolysis or acute kidney injury (AKI). We report the a case of a 30-year-old woman without any comorbid diseases who was diagnosed with bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis and dialysis-requiring AKI, which was caused by prolonged immobilization under the influence of alcohol. Although the patient's renal function recovered fully after 5 sessions of hemodialysis, sciatic neuropathy caused by gluteal compartment syndrome led to permanent foot drop.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Alcoholic Intoxication ; Compartment Syndromes ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Renal Dialysis ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Sciatic Neuropathy