Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infrequent but severe infection due to the microorganism, Nocardia spp, which may behave as both an opportunists and as a primary pathogens. Usually nocardiosis is found in patients under immunosuppressive regimens for organ transplans, chemotherapy for a malignancy and corticosteroids. The experience of pulmonary nocardiosis in the medical literature is limited to just case reports, with a few series including extrapulmonary nocardiosis. It is believed that the incidence of this infection has been increasing since 1960. The diagnosis is difficult because of the nonspecific clinical manifestations, the lack of laboratory evidence, and the non-specific radiographic findings. Here, we report a case of pulmonary nocardiasis in a 66 year-old patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis who has suffered from acutely developed dyspnea and general edema. The nocardia species. was cultured from a specimen obtained by a percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy.
Incidence

Immature teratoma accounts for less than I percent of all ovarian teratomas and occurs commonly in young individuals, the peak incidence being in the second decade. It contains a variable mixture of mature and immature tissues in which neuroectodermal elements almost always predominate. Gliomatosis peritonei, miliary implants of mature glial tissues on the peritoneum or omentum, is an infrequently reported complication of mature or immature ovarian teratomas. We describe the first case in Korea of a 12-year-old girl with an immature teratoma and numerous glial peritoneal implants.
Incidence

PURPOSE: To report the technical effectiveness, outcome, and incidence of complications of combined clear cornea phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: Single-center prospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series. Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients underwent combined clear cornea phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy for various vitreoretinal disorders due to cataracts by a single surgeon between July 2003 and August 2004. Surgical feasibility, intraoperative and postoperative complications and outcome of clear cornea incisions in all combined procedure were evaluated. RESULTS: No significant adverse effect of clear corneal wound on pars plana vitrectomy procedures was noted in any of the patients. Operatively and postoperatively, no significant complications related to clear corneal wound were noted, even with the variations of pars plana vitrectomy procedures for cases with and without gas-fluid exchange and intravitreal tamponade. CONCLUSIONS: Clear corneal incisions is a safe and more reasonable alternative in combined phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy. For a more comprehensive conclusion, a comparative study with scleral tunnel incisions may be necessary.
Incidence

No abstract available.
Incidence

Optic nerve gliomas manifest either as a solitary form or a component of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. The reported incidence of coexistence with neurofibromatosis varies from 12% to 70%. Usually there are no significant cytological differences between the gliomas that accomapny the disease and those that are deemed to be solitary manifestations. The only possible difference between them is the apparently more common association, with the former, of extensive arachnoid hyperplasia and of a more florid local gliomatous infiltration into the leptomeninges, altogether resulting in perineural thickening. Our cases were 8 and 6 years old girls, respectively, presented with slowly progressive proptosis for 4 years and visual disturbance for 2.5 months. There were multiple cafe au lait spots on their trunks, and case 2 showed Lisch nodules in the iris. MRI of brain revealed unilateral optic nerve thickening with involvement of chiasm or multiple intracranial lesions. Resection of optic nerve tumor was performed. Microscopically, variable degree of tumorous change was seen. Most typically enlarged area was composed of intraneural and perineural portions surrounded by a layer of intact dura. Intraneural tumor revealed proliferation of elongated, spindle-shaped pilocytic astrocytes in intertrabecular spaces and distention of the pial septa with fibrovascular thickening. Another segment had areas with reactive gliosis. Perineural tissue was considerably thickened and, associated with proliferation of meningothelial cells and fibroblasts intermingled with astrocytes and Rosenthal fibers. There were increase of the optic nerve diameter and distention of the overlying dura. Foci of arachnoid cell hyperplasia were noted in both cases, although differed in degree. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein in intraneural and perineural portions particularly in case 2.
Incidence

The diagnosis of acute inflammation of the placenta, represented as acute chorioamnionitis, is important in that it is associated with a poor clinical outcome for both the mother and the fetus, including major perinatal morbidities such as sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, and CNS damage. However, current medical trends in Korea seem to overlook the significance of a histopathological diagnosis of acute placental inflammation, mainly due to the indifferences of clinicians and pathologists. Since late 1993, histopathological examinations have been performed on preterm placentas at Seoul National University. These examinations have demonstrated acute placental inflammation in a significant number of cases. In the present study the incidence of acute placental inflammation was analyzed in 521 placentas which were submitted for pathological examinations in 1995. Examinations were performed to provide basic information on the incidence and profile of acute placental inflammation in this hospital and, thereby, to emphasize the significance of histopathological examinations of the placenta in the routine surgical pathology service. Among the 521 placentas, acute inflammation was found in 194 cases (37.2%). In preterm placentas acute inflammation was found in 39.6% of the cases (67/169), while 36.1% (127/352) of term placentas showed acute inflammation. Taking the delivery mode into account, 26.3% (49/186) of the placentas delivered by cesarean section showed acute inflammation, while 43.3% (145/335) of the transvaginally delivered placentas showed inflammation. The present analysis demonstrates the existence of acute inflammation in a significant proportion of placentas with different clinical settings. The importance of a histopathological examination in routine hospital practice should be emphasized.
Incidence

The incidence of glomerulonephritis associated with malignancy is not common. Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with carcinomas and minimal change nephrotic syndrome with Hodgkin's disease has been occasionally reported. The pathogenesis of glomerular injury associated with malignancy is not well known. The IgA nephropathy associated with malignancy, though rare, has been reported. IgA nephropathy associated with acute myeloid leukemia, however, is yet to be reported. We hereby report a case of IgA nephropathy associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M2).
Incidence

The incidence of glomerulonephritis associated with malignancy is not common. Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with carcinomas and minimal change nephrotic syndrome with Hodgkin's disease has been occasionally reported. The pathogenesis of glomerular injury associated with malignancy is not well known. The IgA nephropathy associated with malignancy, though rare, has been reported. IgA nephropathy associated with acute myeloid leukemia, however, is yet to be reported. We hereby report a case of IgA nephropathy associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M2).
Incidence

To evaluate the incidence and clinico-pathologic correlation of benign epithelial changes of endometrium, we tried to classify the changes into squamous cell change, ciliary change, eosinophilic cell change, papillary surface epithelial change, and mucinous cell change by the criteria of Hendrickson. Based on the 450 hysterectomy specimens obtained from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1994 in PMC, the incidence of the cell changes was as follows: squamous cell change: 1.1%, eosinophilic cell change: 6.8%, mucinous cell change: 6.6%, ciliary change: 10.4%, papillary surface epithelial change: 16.4%. Squamous cell change was noted in severe endometritis or endometrial hyperplasia and papillary surface epithelial proliferation was mainly associated with plasma cell infiltration in adenomyosis or leiomyoma. Eosinophilic change and ciliary change were sometimes concomitantly found in dilated glands of the basal layer or in the invaded glands of adenomyosis. The results of this study suggested a correlation of benign epithelial changes with endometritis, adenomyosis, leiomyoma and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Incidence

The incidence of primary cardiac tumor is rare, furthermore the cardiac tumor which cause arrhythmia is very rare. We presesent a case of cardiac lipoma combined with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
Incidence