This article describes the introduction of concept of evidence-based medicine for postgraduate students in surgical oncology training program.Evidence-based medicine can cultivate students'ability to find out more clinical problems and solve these problems through their active and independent study to renew their medical knowledge and promote their innovative consciousness and clinical practice skill.

You ought to differentiate the cause, location, nature and trend of disease, for chronic nephritis. The causes inducing or worsening the disease can be exopathy, as well as internal injury, pathological substance and drug pathogenic factors; while the deficiency of Qi blood Yin Yang of organs is often the internal basis of the disease. The location mainly concerns lung, spleen, liver and kidney, esp. kidney. The nature is deficient root and excessive superficiality; its general trend mostly appears Qi deficiency-both deficiency of Qi and Yin(blood)- both deficiency of Yin and Yang, a discipline of gradual development, and wind, wetness, heat, stasis, sputum and toxin worsen the development of the disease.

Chronic nephritis is a common clinical refractory disease,with complex mechanism,hard and long to cure.The TCM treatment in Internal Classic has key guideline meaning and is proved in modern TCD pharmacology,such as "kidney governs spleen,spleen holds nutrition,dislikes dampness and governs outer guard" of spleen picture,etc.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of comfort nursing on the parents of children with laryngopharyngeal surgery.Methods Forty-seven parents were admitted for the study,they were divided into the control group(23 cases) and the experimental group(24 cases).The control group accepted routine nursing,while the experimental group accepted comfort nursing based upon routine nursing.The SAS,SDS scores and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups.Results After the treatment,the SAS and SDS scores of all the parents got better compared with those before treatment.The differences were obvious.While the experimental group had a better improvement than the control group.Also the satisfaction degree of the experimental group was better than that of the control group.Conclusions Comfort nursing can relieve the discomfort and anxiety of the children patients and their parents,improve the adverse emotional state of them,promote recovery of children and improve the nursing quality.

Objective To investigate the application value of the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) ,folic acid (FA) and vitamin B12 (VB12 ) levels in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD complicating impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) .Methods 80 triers screened by the inclusion criteria were divided into the simple CHD group (36 cases) and the CHD complicating IGT group(44 cases);70 healthy cases were taken as the controls .Hcy ,FA and VB12 levels were measured and the detection results were performed the statistical analysis .Results The Hcy level in both experimental groups were higher than that in the control group , the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,the positive rates were 94 .4% in the simple CHD group and 88 .6% in the CHD complicating IGT group respectively ;The plasma FA level in both experimental groups were lower than that in the control group ,meanwhile ,plasma Hcy level and FA level showed a negative correlation (P<0 .05);The VB12 level had no statistical differ-ence among 3 groups (P>0 .05) ,and the correlation analysis between the Hcy level in the two experimental groups with VB 12 had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Plasma Hcy level in CHD and CHD complicating IGT is very high and negatively correlated with the FA level ,dynamically detecting the Hcy level has an important significance for early warning and treatment of CHD and CHD complicating IGT .

There is a higher incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China.During the past decades,esophageal surgery in China has achieved great development through the efforts of several generations of thoracic surgeons.At present there are still many difficulties and challenges for thoracic surgeons.This review will summarize current major difficulties in esophageal surgery and propose some possible solutions.

This paper analyses the existing problems in the clinical study of esophageal cancer at present.The author suggests that more attention should be paid to the clinical research for esophageal cancer and puts forward the feasible countermeasure and advices.

[Objective] To explore the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]Research subjects were divided into study group(the multiple teaching group) and control group(the systematic instruction group),comprehensively evaluate the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,through the evaluation of teaching quality,students' questionnaire and the test of learning achievement.[Results] The multiple teaching method can improve students' interest in learning,activate the atmosphere of classroom,enhance communication between teachers and students,students generally think the multiple teaching method is helpful to correctly understanding and grasping the knowledge of the doctrine of viscera state,and is reflected in the homeworks and the test of learning achievement,the homeworks and the test of learning achievement of the multiple teaching method group were better than that of the systematic instruction group,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The multiple teaching method is helpful to improve the teaching mode on the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,to enhance the students' learning motivation and ability of cognition,so that students can fully and deeply understand and grasp the doctrine of viscera state.

Objective To observe the changes of neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) index and serum procalcitonin (PCT) in hemodialysis patients with bacterial pneumonia,and to evaluate the effect of these two indicators in the course of diagnosis and treatment.Methods Fifty-three cases of bacterial pneumonia undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in this study from November 2012 to November 2016 (infection group).At the same time,56 patients undergoing hemodialysis without bacterial infection (noninfection group) and fifty volunteers (control group) were also enrolled.The infection pathogen distribution,changes of nCD64 index and serum PCT in three groups were analyzed.And the changes of nCD64 index and serun.PCT before and after treatment in the infection group were analyzed too.Results Totally 53 strains of pathogens in the infection group were isolated,including 36 strains of gram-positive bacteria (accounting for 67.92％) and 17 strains of gram-negative bacteria (accounting for 32.08％).The nCD64 index of infection group,non-infection group and control group were as following:4.13 ± 0.43,0.82 ± 0.08 and 0.78 ± 0.08,and the serum PCT levels of infection group,non-infection group and control group were as following:(3.64 ± 0.29),(0.45 ± 0.04) and (0.45-± 0.04) μg/L.There were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01).The nCD64 index before and after treatment of infection group were 4.13 ± 0.43 and 0.86 ± 0.09.And serum PCT level before and after treatment of infection group were (3.64 ± 0.29) and (0.74 ± 0.07) μg/L.There were significant differences (P＜0.01).Conclusions The nCD64 index and serum PCT are sensitive indicators to determine the happening of bacterial pneumonia in patients undergoing hemodialysis,and it provides critical evidence for the evaluation of treatment in patients.

Objective: To analyze FPGA technology in diagnostic ultrasound B signal processing system in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of diagnostic ultrasound signal processing. Methods:Analysis of FPGA technology in diagnostic ultrasound signal processing system for the study through literature study to analyze the relevant principles. Results: FPGA to be more widely used in ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in full. Conclusion: It comprehensively improved the reliability and flexibility of ultrasound diagnostic signal processing system, making the modular, miniature, diversification, serialization and the rapid development of digital direction.