The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)is an alliance of 21 world leading cancer centers in the U.S.A,working together to develop treatment guidelines for most cancers.The primary goal of all NCCN initiatives is to improve the quality,effectiveness,and efficiency of oncology practice so that patients can live better.The NCCN guidelines have become the most widely used in oncology practice.These guidelines are updated continually and are based upon evaluation of scientific data.The NCCN Esophageal Cancer Guidelines have no Chinese version at present and were not yet used in our clinical practice.We are in an attempt to interpret the NCCN Esophageal Cancer Guidelines in conjunction with our clinical practice in the management of esophageal cancer.

Objecticve To study the immunogenicity and protective effecacy of MTB8.4 with signal peptide gene vaccine against TB in mice.Methods C57BL/6N!mice were vaccinated with MTB8.4 with signal peptide(MS) gene vaccine three times at 3 weeks intervals.Four weeks after the final vaccination,three mice were sacrificed to assess cytokine response and CTL induction and the other five mice were challenged intravenously in a lateral tail vein with(1?10~(6)) CFU of virulent M.tuberculosis H37Rv.Spleen and the left lung were harvested from each mouse 4 weeks after(infection) and homogenized in sterile saline.Serial dilutions of organ homogenates were plated on (L-J agar) and incubated(37 ℃) until colonies were visible 4 weeks later. Protective efficacy in each experiment was expressed as(reduced) CFU and was compared with the negative control group.The right lung was obtained from each mouse and(inflated) with and stored in 10% formalin saline immediately.Tissues were embedded in paraffin,sec-tioned(and stained) with hematoxylin and eosin.Results MS gene vaccine induced the secretion of more of Th1 cytokines(IFN-?and IL-2),but not IL-4 and enhanced CTL activity while BCG induced the secretion of both types of cytokines(IFN-?,IL-2 and IL-4).Mice immunized with MS gene vaccine had fewer and smaller tubercles than those immunized with PBS or control plasmid DNA,but had more tubercles than the mice inoculated with BCG.Virable bacterial counts in the lungs and spleens of mice receiving DNA encoding MS were reduced as compared with mice injected with PBS or control plasmid DNA,while increased as compared with mice immunized with BCG.Conclusion MS gene vaccine can induce secretion of Th1 cytokines and the higher protective efficacy against TB in mice.

Objective:To construct and identify the chimeric mtb8.4/hIL12 eukaryotic expression plasmid.Methods:Firstly mtb8.4-linker was amplified by PCR and cloned into the single Nhe Ⅰ and Mlu Ⅰ cloning sites of pCI-neo, so pCI-neo-mtb8.4-linker(pML) plasmid was constructed.Secondly hIL-12 was amplified by PCR and cloned into the single Mlu Ⅰ and Sal Ⅰ cloning sites of pML.Finally correct pCI-neo-mtb8.4/hIL12 (pMI) plasmid was identified by PCR,RE digestion and DNA seguencing.Results:The accuracy of pMI plasmid construction was confirmed by a number of molecular biological techniques.Conclusion:The construction of mtb8.4/hIL12 chimera by linkage of M.tuberculosis mtb8.4 gene to human IL12 gene provides the possibility for investigating a new tuberculosis vaccine.

Objective To study the stability of ligustilide and the inclusion process in ?-cyclodextrin to avoid its isomerization.Methods The content of ligustilide dropped severely even if it was kept away from layer and air under room temperature.The inclusion process with ?-cyclodextrin was carried out on orthogonal design.The optimum conditions were determined and inclusion complex was made sure by many ways.Results The validated trials by DCS,IR,and GC could exhibit the obvious difference between mixture and inclusion complex which showed the form of a new phase,because of ?-cyclodextrin and drugs in the molecular capsules.Conclusion Inclusion process with ?-cyclodextrin can improve stability of ligustilide that is unstable in normal situation.

Objective:To discuss the influence of organic selenium on the immune effect of Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG). Methods:C57BL6/J mice were randomized into 4 groups:"BCG+Se"mice group were intracutaneously inoculated with BCG and orally fed with yeast-based selenium(Se);BCG mice group were immunized with BCG intracutaneously;Se mice group were im- munized with normal sodium and fed orally with Se;control mice group were immunized with normal sodium and fed orally water without Se.The mice were sacrificed after 4weeks or 8weeks to isolate the spleen mononuclear cells.T lympholeukocyte proliferation testing(stimulation index,SI),cytotoxic T lympholeukocyte(CTL)function testing as well as levels of IL-2 and IFN-?and mRNA levels of granzyme B and perforin were employed to assess the effect of vaccine for Mycobacterium tuber- culosis.They were determined by MTT assay,ELISA assay and RT-PCR,respectively.Results:The levels of 6 detected items in"BCG+Se"group and BCG group were significantly different from those in the control group(P

Objective:To investigate the effects of ?-lipoic acid on cell proliferation and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule1(ICAM-1) induced by high glucose(HG) in rat mesangial cells(MCs).Methods: Rat mesangial cells were co-cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L,NG group),high glucose(25 mmol/L,HG group),and HG+?-lipoic acid(50,100,200,300 ?mol/L)for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively.Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT;the levels of ICAM-1 in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);and ICAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results: ?-lipoic acid at 50-300 ?mol/L inhibited the proliferation of MCs.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that ?-lipoic acid(100 and 200 ?mol/L)significantly inhibited the high glucose-induced increase of ICAM-1 mRNA((P

This paper analyses the existing problems in the clinical study of esophageal cancer at present.The author suggests that more attention should be paid to the clinical research for esophageal cancer and puts forward the feasible countermeasure and advices.

The health hazards of arsenic are various. Since children are in the period of rapid growth and development, nervous system is more vulnerable to the arsenic exposure in the environment.Not only does it increase the incidence of the corresponding disease in each system, but also results in neurotoxicological impairments including poor cognitive performance and disturbances in visual perception, psychomotor speed, attention, speech and memory. The progress in the field of effects of arsenic on children's health were reviewed in this article, it introduced the background of arsenic, human exposure pathways, metabolism of the human body,health hazards to children and biological monitoring.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of gastric cancer under gastroscopy.Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec.2010,160 patients were diagnosed of gastric cancer by endoscopic biopsy.Clinical data of these patients were retrospectively summarized and analyzed.ResultsThere is a high rate of HP infection [71.25％ (114/160)]in the 160 cases with gastric cancer,especially in males,and the infection rate increased with age( Z =2.303,P =0.021 ).For the general morphology of gastric cancer,it was mainly Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ-types for those below or equals to 35 years old(9 cases).The rate of Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types reduced and that of BorrmannⅠ& Ⅱ types increased with age.The ratio of male to female with gastric cancer was 2.26:1.However,the incidence of gastric cancer was higher in young female compared with young males.With the increase of age,the rate of prevalence of gastric cancer grew higher in males than in females ( Z =3.599,P ＜0.001 ).Incidence of gastric fundus-cardia and corpus cancer increased with age.Most patients had low-differentiation adenocarcinoma despite the specific sites of gastric cancer.However,the incidence of low-differentiation adenocarcinoma decreased with age(x2 =9.831,P=0.042).ConclusionThe development of gastric cancer is closely associated with HP infection.For the general morphology of gastric cancer,Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types decrease and Borrmann Ⅰ & Ⅱ types increase with age.The incidence of gastric cancer in male and that located at proximal stomach are increased with age.Moreover,the incidence of high-grade malignant gastric cancer is increased with age.

Objective] To explore the application of “viscera state”theory in “Internal Classics”in TCM diagnosing and treating hematuria. [Method] Clear up the“viscera state”theories in“Internal Classics”related to TCM diagnosing and treating hematuria, combining with concerned thesis of doctors in the past dynasties, to analyse its application value in clinic. [Result] “Heart joining with smal intestine through the meridian and col ateras”,“smal intestine being organ of receiving food and digestion”, “kidney connects lung upward”, “spleen storing Ying”, “spleen Qi disperseing essence and returning to lung upward”,“liver storing blood”,“kidney being organ of water”and“kidney opening into 2 lower orifices”, such“viscera state”theories are helpful to correct position of hematuria in TCM, define the mechanism and correct the treatment; doctors in the past dynasties had development on this, which is proved by the modern clinic. [Conclusion]“Viscera state”theories in“Internal Classics”have important guiding meaning in TCM diagnosing and treating hematuria.