Body fat of 12 male adults were measured by water displacement me-thod(density method) at every morning for 5 successive days. The standard deviation of single observation was 0.29kg calculated by mean residual lung volume method. It was significantly lower than the value (0.5kg) calculated by the ordinary method (p

Biopsy ; Brain ; pathology ; Frozen Sections ; methods ; Humans

Objective To analyze the relationship between pre － pregnancy body mass index ( BMI) ，gestational weight gain ( GWG) and the birth weight of infants，and explore the effect of weight change before and during pregnancy on low birth weight ( LBW) and macrosomia． Methods Women were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study during first trimester． Each respondent＇s weight before and during pregnancy and the birth weight of infant were collected after fellow up． Prepregnancy BMI was divided into underweight，normal and overweight /obesity groups and GWG was divided into suitable， insufficient and excessive groups． Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship be- tween pre－pregnancy BMI，GWG and newborn＇s birth weight． Ｒesults Women＇s prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with neonatal birth weight ( all P＜0. 05) ． Prepregnancy overweight or obesity ( OＲ=2. 339，95% CI: 1. 674－2. 282，P＜0. 001) and excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 398，95% CI: 1. 188－1. 978，P= 0. 048) were shown as risk factors for macrosomia． Insufficient GWG increased LBW risk ( OＲ = 1. 479， 95% CI: 1. 461－1. 679，P= 0. 035) while excessive GWG declined LBW risk ( OＲ= 0. 428，95% CI: 0. 225 －0. 817，P= 0. 010) ． Under weight－insufficient GWG was risk factor of LBW ( OＲ= 1. 335，95% CI: 1. 048 －2. 319，P= 0. 048) while normal BMI－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 088，95% CI: 1. 016－1. 675，P= 0. 038) and overweight /obesity－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 498，95% CI: 1. 244－2. 017，P= 0. 046) were associated with higher risk of delivering macrosomia． Conclusions Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with infant＇s birth weight and women were suggested to maintain their weight in recommended range before and during pregnancy．

Objective To find out severity and types of syphilis infection in blood donors, attendants and persons to have their premrital medical examination in Zhoushan City and offer a new measure for prevention and treatment of syphilis. Methods Totally, 174 589 blood donors, attendants and persons to have their premarital medical examinations were screened preliminarily for inapparent syphilis with non-TPHA, and then TPHA was applied to confirm the diagnosis, according to the National Standard No. GB 15974-1995, combining with clinical symptoms and physical check-up. Results A total of 1 327 cases of syphilis from 174 589 samples tested, including blood donors, attendants and persons to have their premarital medical examinations, were diagnosed, with an inapparent infection rate of 7. 60‰ in average, 6. 42‰in males and 8. 74‰ in females, with a sex ratio of 0.71 (X2 = 29. 92, P

Objective:To find the relationship between insulin-resistance and Syndrome Differentiation type (SDT) in hypertensive patients.Methods: Two hundred and nine patients of early stage hypertention with no complications of heart, brain or kidney were selected and classified into 4 types according to SDT, the Liver-Fire exuberant type (A), the Phlegm-Dampness abundant type (B), the Yin-Deficiency and Yang-Excess type (C) and the Deficiency of both Yin and Yang type (D). Their insulin sensitivity was examined and compared with that of 40 healthy subjects.Results:(1) Compared with the healthy subjects, all hypertensive patients had apparent insulin resistance (P<0.05).If the insulin sensitivity of healthy subjects was defined as 1.00, that of patients of type A, B, C and D were 0.54, 0.58, 0.65 and 0.80 respectively. (2) The insulin sensitivity of patients in the 4 SDT groups were compared and no significant difference was found in comparison between group A, B and C, while significant difference was found when the other three groups were compared with group D (P<0.05), the insulin sensitivity of type D was close to that of the healthy subjects. (3) The fasting blood insulin of type D was obviously lower and the insulin sensitivity of type D was obviously higher than that of the other three types as a whole (P=0.0001). (4) Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that insulin sensitivity was closely correlated with SDT (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Insulin resistance is one of the pathological basis for SDT in hypertension.

Objective To analyze the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women and the distributions of unhealthy lifestyles. Exploring the association between these behaviors and GDM to provide some suggestions to GDM prevention. Methods Women who were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study and delivered before the 31st December, 2018 were enrolled by this study. The characters of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and low sleep level were assessed by questionnaire and also the pregnancy complications. Binary Logistic regression model was adopted to analyzed the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results A total of 3 162 women were enrolled in this study and 372 of them were diagnosed GDM. Single variable analysis showed that lack of leisure time physical activity (RR=1.015,95% CI=1.005-1.279，P=0.046) and low sleep quality (RR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.004-1.196，P=0.047) were two risk factors of GDM. Compared with women who showed none of these unhealthy lifestyle, those who showed all six unhealthy behaviors had higher risk of GDM (RR=1.530, 95% CI: 1.263-8.880，P=0.036). Conclusions The incidence of GDM among Chinese women was 11.76%. Lack of physical activity and poor sleep quality could increase the risk of GDM and the cluster of unhealthy lifestyles is associated with higher GDM risk. Adequate physical activity, no smoking and drinking, balanced diet and other healthy behaviors are important to GDM prevention.

Objective To explore the associations between cesarean section with different types and intensity of physical activity in the second trimester pregnant women． Methods Six hundred and seventy－two participants from the Chinese pregnant women cohort study ( CPWCS) were analyzed． The pregnancy physical activity questionnaire ( PPAQ) was used to collect the status of physical activities in pregnant women． The participants were followed up and the data of delivery way was collected． Logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the associations． Ｒesults A total of 273 pregnant women ( 40. 63%) were delivered by cesarean section． After adjusting age，pre-pregnancy BMI and history of childbirth，results of Logistic regression model showed that pregnant women with higher levels of exercise had a lower risk of cesarean section than those who did not participate in exercise ( OＲ= 0. 564，95% CI: 0. 338－0. 941) . In terms of physical activity intensity，pregnant women who participated in the higher level of moderate to vigorous physical activity had a lower risk of cesarean section than those who partici- pated in the lower level ( OＲ= 0．642，95% CI: 0．437－0．972) ． Conclusions Exercise and moderate to vigorous physical activity are protective factors for cesarean section． Health education should be further strengthened to encourage pregnant women to carry out appropriate physical activity during pregnancy．

OBJECTIVETo explore an innovative technique that is aided by multi-disciplinary hybrid approach in identification and treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in children intraoperatively.

METHODFrom April 2008 to October 2011, 4 patients with isolated TEF were presented with 2 H-type fistulas and 2 recurrent TEF. For all the four cases, with the cooperation of the gastroenterologists, respiratory physician and surgeon, methylene blue was first injected into the trachea for detecting the dye in the esophagus by the gastroscopy. Bronchoscopy was performed where the fistula tract was shown by the methylene blue and a guide wire was passed through the fistula. The patients underwent rigid gastroscopy and the guide wire was identified and brought out through the mouth by biopsy pliers. This created a wire loop through the fistula. X-ray was then used to identify the level of the fistula. According to the level of the fistula it was determined whether surgical incision and approach should be used. The fistula was then repaired successfully by surgery.

RESULTIn the 4 patients, with the aid of gastroscopy and bronchoscopy, identification of the fistula intraoperatively was then facilitated by traction on the loop. The fistula was identified and repaired. There were no fistula recurrences.

CONCLUSIONMulti-disciplinary hybrid therapy for tracheoesophageal fistula in children is beneficial for the precise localization of the fistula. This new technique is an effective and definitive method in identification and treatment of TEF in children.

Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Patient Care Team ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of acupoint injection of oxymatrine (OM) on experimental hepatocellular carcinoma and the mechanism.

METHODSThe rats of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by 2-acetoaminoflurence (2-AAF) were randomly divided into a normal control group (group N), a model group (group M), a control group of oxymatrine intraperitoneal injection (OM ip group) and a treatment group of small dose oxymatrine injection into Zusanli (OM ZSL group). At the end of 12h week, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) were determined. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.

RESULTSThe number of cancer nodes on the surface of liver in th Om ip group and the Om ZSL group was lower than in the group M, with the serum ALT, AST, and gamma-GT levels significantly decreased (P<0. 01), and significantly inhibited expressions of cyclin D1, CDK4 mRNA (P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONOM ip and small dose oxymatrine injection into ZSL can treat or delay hepatocarcinogenisis of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by 2-AAF. Partial mechanism of this anti-carcinoma is protecting hepatocytes possibly through improving hepatic functions, and inhibiting excessive proliferation of liver cancer cells via inhibiting the expressions of cyclin Dl, CDK4 mRNA.

Acupuncture Points ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Cyclin D1 ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; genetics ; Injections ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Male ; Quinolizines ; administration & dosage ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood

AIMTo prepare of isopropyl myristate (IPM) molecular gels and investigate of its transdermal capability.

METHODSMicrostructure of IPM gels was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The rheology and thixotropy of IPM gels were investigated by viscosity. Triptolide was used as model drug to investigate its transdermal capability.

RESULTSThe microstructure of IPM gels was a three-dimension network formed by the aggregation of Span 60 in IPM, which was rod-like tubular aggregate. It has good rheology and thixotropy. There was a good linear correlation between the accumulative permeated amount per unit area and the time for triptolide-loaded IPM gels. The permeation process agreed with zero order pharmacokinetics. The average permeability through rat skin for triptolide was 19.26 ng x cm(-2) x h(-1), which was 2.92 times of triptolide unguents obtained commercially available.

CONCLUSIONIsopropyl myristate molercular gel can be formed by span 60 assemblies. Transdermal capability drug-loaded IPM gels was better than that of triptolide unguents.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Diterpenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Epoxy Compounds ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myristates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Viscosity