Objective To discuss the sedative and hypnotic effect of Jiaotai Pills on insomnia in PCPA rat model .Methods The PCPA ( PCPA acid) rats insomnia model was established, and the rats were divided into the model group, high, middle and low dosage of Jiaotai Pills group, and diazepam positive control group.The high performance liquid detective method was adopted to observe the effect of Jiaotai Pills on rat insomnia and hypothalamus neurotransmitters 5-HT and GABA.Results Compared with the model group, there existed significant difference in the insomnia state of rats and the central neurotransmitters 5 -HT in the high and middle dosages of Jiaotai Pill group and diazepam group.However, in the comparison of the high and middle dosages of Jiaotai Pill group and the model group, there was no significant difference in GABA in the central nervous system .Conclusion Jiaotai Pills has sedative and hypnotic efficacy.Its mechanism may be related to the effects of central neurotransmitter 5 -HT.Its relationship with GABA in the central nervous system is not obvious.The research has significant influence on the further development of Jiaotai Pills.

Feedback for teaching refers to the mutual transmission and interaction of various information between teaching and learning in teaching process,and is an inevitable result and objective existence of teaching in which teachers and students participate.Effective feedback for teaching is characterized by timely,comprehensive and authentic.Teachers can continuously modify teaching per formance through the feedback of students;the feedback of teaching by students is reflected in examination performance,which really reflects the idea that teaching benefits teachers as well as students.Clinical comprehensive course of eight-year program students is an important bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine,and the foundation of teaching clinical medicine.Feedback for teaching was applied in students of academic year 2011 from the Department of Surgery of Clinical College in Pekjing Union Medical College,and teaching approach was adjusted in time,contributing to good teaching effectiveness.

OBJECTIVETo study the risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS between heterosexual and homosexual men who have had sex with men.

METHODSTarget sampling, anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare sexual behaviors between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total amount of sex partners with same-sex was 13.8 on average among heterosexual men including 3.8 with male partners in the past 6 months. Numbers of male partners who had oral sex with was 10.5 and anal sex was 12.4 which were both less than with same sex. Among heterosexual men, the total number of female partners was 4.9 on average but number of female partners in the past 6 months was 1.7 which were both more than that among the homosexuals who were all in marriage status. The rate of condom use was 68.8% (lower than that among homosexual men), among heterosexual men when having sex with men. The rate of condom use among heterosexual men during last anal intercourse was 91.3% with male partners or 63.7% with females. Both figures were higher than that among the homosexuals. The rates of condom use among the two groups were 91.3% and 71.0% respectively during the last anal intercourse with men which were higher than the corresponding rate of condom use during the last oral sex. The rate of heterosexual men who ever had engaged in group sex was 9.9% in the previous year and the incidence of bleeding was 16.7% during sexual intercourse. 11.4% of them reported ever having had sex with partners from other areas in the last year and 4.2% had experienced same-sex harassment before 16 years of age. 4.6% had paid for male-male sex. All these figures were lower than that of the homosexuals.

CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS showed much difference in the two groups which called for attention among these groups of MSM.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adult ; Condoms ; utilization ; Heterosexuality ; statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the role of apoptosis of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells and changes of relative cytokines and thrombotic factors in the pathogenesis of traumatic sepsis at the advanced stage.Methods The venous blood was collected from the patients with traumatic sepsis at advanced stage and traumatic patients without sepsis and healthy subjects.The peripheral hlood mononu- clear cells(PBMC)and neutrophils were isolated and cultured.The apoptosis of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells was assayed,and the level of IL-4,IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatants were deter- mined,and the tissue factor(TF)and vW factor(vWF)of peripheral plasma were measured.Results The percentages of apoptosis of neutrophils and numbers of apoptotic circulating vascular endothelial cells were higher than that of traumatic patients without sepsis and healthy controls significantly.And the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4,IL-10 and thrombotic factors TF,vWF in traumatic sepsis were elevated than that of traumatic patients without sepsis and controls too.Conclusion Immune suppres- sion and abnormal thrombotic state may be one characteristic of traumatic sepsis at advanced stage,which perhaps involveds in the pathogenesis of traumatic sepsis at the advanced stage and multiple organ dys- function syndrome.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrupintegrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on infantile cough.Methods Selected 200 cases of patients with cough who were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015,divided into two groups randomly,100 cases in observation group,100 cases in control group.The observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup,the control group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride.To observe the clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of the patients after treatment,recorded the time of cough and the disappearance of cough,and to determine the effect of treatment.The lung function indexes of the two groups were detected:peak expiratory flow,forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in one second,maximal expiratory flow rate of 50％ vital capacity and maximal expiratory flow rate of 25％ vital capacity.All the patients were followed up for 6 months by telephone or clinic,the recurrence rate of the two groups was observed,and the number of children with asthma were recorded.Results The time of cough and the disappearance time of cough in observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the total effective rate of observation group was 93.00％ (93/100),significantly higher than that of the control group 74.00％ (74/100) (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,expiratory flow peak,forced vital capacity,one second forced expiratory volume,vital capacity 50％ of maximum expiratory flow and 25％ of vital capacity maximal expiratory flow of two groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group (P ＜0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the control group had 22 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 22.00％;the observation group had 6 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 6.00％,the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the control group had 14 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 14％;the observation group had 2 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 2％,the change rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup has better curative effect on infantile cough,can effectively improve children's lung function,reduce the rate of recurrence and change of asthma,which has high clinical application value.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed at exploring the feasibility of using dried blood spots (DBS) to detect HIV drug resistance genotyping in China by comparing the results of drug resistance from DBS, plasma and whole blood samples.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from 39 AIDS patients from Anhui (10), Yunnan (13), Hunan (6) and Xinjiang (10) provinces and autonomous regions. The HIV strains that infected these patients covered all the major HIV-1 subtypes prevailing in China (B, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC). HIV drug resistance genotyping assay was performed on DBS as well as on the whole blood and plasma samples from the same patients simultaneously by using an in-house nest RT-PCR method. Drug resistance levels were determined based on Stanford University HIV drug resistance database, and the results from these three types of samples were compared.

RESULTSThe percentages of successful amplification of protease and reverse transcriptase regions in the pol gene were 95% (37/39) from DBS, 92% (36/39) from whole blood and 100% (39/39) from plasma samples. The sequences from the three types of samples showed more than 99% identity.86% (31/36) of the DBS samples had the same set of drug resistance mutations as those which were detected from plasma samples. The differences probably resulted from mixed bases.

CONCLUSIONSThere was no major difference in detecting HIV drug resistance genotyping among DBS, plasma and whole blood samples. Therefore, DBS is useful for detection of HIV drug resistance genotyping and is particularly valuable in developing countries like China, especially in remote rural regions.

Dried Blood Spot Testing ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Feasibility Studies ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; blood ; genetics ; virology ; HIV Seropositivity ; blood ; genetics ; virology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVECblC is the most common type of methylmalonic acidemia with homocysteinemia. MMACHC is the coding gene. This study aimed at understanding clinical features and gene mutations in 2 Chinese pedigrees who had late-onset methylmalonic acidemia complicated with homocysteinemia.

METHODThe clinical data of 2 cases were analyzed. The MMACHC gene mutation was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing.

RESULTThe age of onset was 13 years and 12 years, respectively. They both presented with nervous system symptoms. The main clinical features were developmental retardation and degradation, including motion, speech and intelligence. One patient complained of anemia. The other patient was misdiagnosed as having a viral encephalitis. Both patients showed remarkable elevation of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels in urine. Both had received therapy with vitamin B(12). The symptoms were rapidly relieved. The follow-up till now showed apparent improvement in the 2 cases. Three mutations in the MMACHC gene were found in the two Chinese pedigrees. Both patients were compound heterozygotes of two mutant alleles: one patient had a G-to-A transition at nucleotide 482 (G482A) that caused an arginine-to-glutamine substitution at position 161 of the protein (R161Q), and a deletion of AAG at nucleotide 658_660 (658_660delAAG) which resulted in lysine deleting at position 220 of the protein (K220del); the other patient had a G482A and a G-to-A transition at nucleotide 609 (G609A) that caused a tryptophan-to-termination codon substitution at position 203 of the protein (W203X). Otherwise, the authors also detected parents of two families. Each had a heterozygote of one mutation.

CONCLUSIONLate-onset methylmalonic acidemia patients had a variety of clinical manifestation, the first symptom was mainly abnormality of nervous system. One case was accompanied with hematological abnormalities. Two patients were vitamin B(12) responsive. In this study, the mutations were all detected on the fourth exon, the G482A mutation was probably associated with late-onset cases.

Adolescent ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Methylmalonic Acid ; blood ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Vitamin B 12

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of children with Tourette syndrome.

METHODA prospective, multi-center, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 195 children aged 5-17 years with Tourette syndrome. The patients were assigned to two groups: aripiprazole group (n=98) and tiapride group (n=97), with the treatment dosage of 5-25 mg/d and 100-500 mg/d, respectively. After 12 weeks treatment, the clinical efficacy was assessed by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) score, and adverse reactions were observed by side effects symptoms scale, blood biochemical indexes, and electrocardiography.

RESULTSignificant pre- and post-treatment differences were ascertained for motor tic, phonic tic, function damage and total scores of YGTSS in the both groups from the second week of treatment (P<0.0001). Compared with the tiapride group, the aripiprazole group showed a more significantly decreased function damage score of YGTSS by the second week of treatment (P<0.05). After 12 weeks treatment, total scores of YGTSS in the aripiprazole group decreased from 53.74±15.71 at baseline to 24.36±16.38, while in the tiapride group from 51.66±13.63 to 23.26±15.31. The mean reduction scores of YGTSS were 29.38 in the aripiprazole group and 28.40 in the tiapride group at the end of treatment, and the clinical response rates were 60.21% and 63.92%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in the aripiprazole and tiapride groups, with 29.6% and 27.8% respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between aripiprazole and tiapride groups and no severe adverse events were found in either group.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that aripiprazole showed similar therapeutic effect to tiapride in treatment of children with Tourette syndrome. Aripiprazole was safe and well tolerated in Chinese population, and can be considered as a new valid option for the treatment of tic disorders.

Adolescent ; Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aripiprazole ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Quinolones ; therapeutic use ; Tiapamil Hydrochloride ; therapeutic use ; Tourette Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE Only limited number of drugs are currently available for treating ischemic stroke. Therapeu?tic angiogenesis has recently emerged as one of the most promising therapies for cerebral ischemic injury. Isopropyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-α-hydroxypropanoate (IDHP) is a metabolite derived from the botanical formulation for Dantonic?. Here, we investigated the angiogenic efficacy of IDHP in cerebral ischemia. METHODS The in vivo effects of IDHP were evaluated in the C57BL/6 mouse Matrigel plug and rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) models. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) were used to explore the effects of IDHP on stimulating proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro. ELISA and Western blotting were used to quantitate the release and expression of relevant target molecules and signaling path?ways. RESULTS IDHP reduced infarct volume and improved sensorimotor function in rats subjected to tMCAO by pro?moting angiogenesis, and promoted Matrigel neovascularization in mice. Moreover, IDHP produced a biphasic modula?tion on proliferation and migration both in HUVEC and HBMEC. It also induced tube formation in a 12-day HUVEC-HDF co-culture model and in Matrigel assays. IDHP-induced angiogenesis was accompanied by increased levels of p-AMPKα (Thr172) and p-eNOS (Ser1177) both in vitro and in vivo, and the decreased level of VEGF in rat brains on day 1 whereas enhanced level of VEGF on day 3 and 7 after tMCAO. Mechanistically, AMPK knockdown or pharmacologi?cally inhibiting AMPK and its upstream kinases (CaMKKβ) inhibited the eNOS phosphorylation induced by IDHP in HUVEC. Furthermore, selective eNOS inhibitor (L-NIO), selective CaMKKβ inhibitor (STO) and AMPKa inhibitor (Com?pound C) blocked the capillary-like tube formation in the co-culture model induced by IDHP (10 nmol · L-1). CONCLU?SION Collectively, these findings showed that IDHP protected rats from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promot?ing angiogenesis via activating CaMKKβ/AMPK(Thr172)/eNOS(Ser1177) signaling, and suggest it to be a promising new drug candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of cerebral ischemia and other vascular occlusive diseases.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the amplification rate and the lowestlower detection limit of an in-house HIV-1 Drug resistant (HIVDR) genotyping test.

METHODSA total of 30 plasma samples were selected, which covered all major HIV-1 subtypes predominating prevailing in China (B', CRF07_BC, CRF01 _AE). The viral loads of the 30 selected samples were detected in triplicate by Easy Q method and the average values were taken as the viral loads of the samples. Each sample was diluted to the concentration of > 1000 copies/ml, 401-1000 copies/ml, 101-400 copies/ml, 50-100 copies/ml and < 50 copies/ml with HIV-negative plasma. After extraction of nucleic acids, RT-PCR and nested PCR amplification were performed, the efficiency of amplification of each subtype and the minimum detection limit were determined statistically based on the PCR results.

RESULTSThe viral loads of the selected samples ranged from 2.03 x 10(2)-5.92 x 10(4) copies/ml. The sample of 50-1000 copies/ml have a high amplification rate (86%).

CONCLUSIONThe In-house method for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping has a high sensitivity with a high successful amplification rate, especially in the samples with low viral load. This method can be used to the detection of drug-resistant virus and to provide scientific data to treatment options for patients.

China ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Genotype ; HIV-1 ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Load