The definition and diagnostic threshold of early caries have been changed to even earlier stage of subclinical level in recent years. This article tries to introduce the significant changes in the area of caries research, including the raise of the concept, the diagnostic standard, the problems and challenges facing, the interference and the treatment effect assessments of early stage subclinical caries. The prospect of the research is discussed as well to enhance the level of awareness and diagnosis and interference capability.

HL7 is a widely-applied international standard for medical information exchange. With a HL7 data interface applied to a mainstream fully automatic biochemical instrument, this paper implements the information exchange between biochemical instruments and LIS following HL7 standard. This paper can be referred to when HL7 applied in other instruments.

Nuclear factor-?appa B(NF-?B) is an important transcription factor in the expression of any inflammatory media.The role of NF-?B in rheumatoid arthritis has been thought high recently.This review presents the role of NF-?B in rheumatoid arthritis,and the research progression of intervention therapy in inhibition of the activation of NF-?B is also introduced.

Janus kinase-signal transduction and transcription activator (JAK-STAT), mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) are three important cellular signalling pathways, which play pivotal roles in regulation of cellular physiologic as well as pathophysiologic functions. Based on the elucidation of the research progress of three signalling cascades, respectively, the current review focuses on the cross-talk of these signalling transduction, and the up-to-date details are also presented on their regulation in inflammatory response.

Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a kind of autoimmune disease with high morbidity characterized in synovitis.It has become a key goal for achieving an early RA remission.It is very important for application of RA remission normatively in the treatment of RA.In this paper, comparison and application of various RA remission criteria were reviewed, such as American College of Rheu-matology (ACR), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials ( OMERACT) group, ACR /EULAR remission criteria, etc.

It is one of the common problems faced by many medical schools how to carry out the hidden curriculum in humanities education of medical education.This article approaches the composition and connotation of the curriculum in order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of the humanities education of medical education

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) which was brought into existence in early 90s of 20 century is a noninvasive technique for creating cross-sectional images of transparent or semi-transparent internal biological tissue structure.In recent years applicability research in the field of stomatology has made great progress.The micro structure changes of surface layer of the lesions in oral hard and soft tissues could be detected by this technique,with its unique feature to detect insidious secondary caries beneath dental restorations that couldn't be found by current clinical techniques easily.In this review,secondary caries etiopathogenisis and diagnosis,principle were discussed firstly and then imaging observation of OCT to detect early second caries around dental restoration and monitoring on risk factors inducing secondary caries are reviewed.It indicated that OCT technique has great potential on diagnosis of secondary caries.

Splice variants are transcripts that exhibit various functions or activities and are obtained from alternative splicing of precursor mRNA. An increasing number of tumor-specific splice variants are being discovered and their roles in cancer development and progression are being investigated. In this study, the expression patterns and activities of tumor-specific splice variants were charac-terized. The results suggest that a variant-specific gene therapy that targets cancer cells would be more specific and would have minimal effect on healthy tissues. Using antisense oligonucleotides, mRNA that contributed to cancer cell survival and altered splicing patterns was downregulated in a clinical trial. The results provide a new appreciation for the gene therapy of cancer. Identification of novel tu-mor-specific splice variants and constant improvement of therapeutic strategies by modifying splicing patterns can lead to the develop-ment of more effective and safer cancer therapies.

The etiology of peripheral precocious puberty(PPP) is complex and varied,which is mainly categorized into either genetic or acquired disorders.Albright-McCune syndrome and familial male-limited precocious puberty are the 2 most important genetic PPPs.The purposes of therapy are to halt pubertal development and restore sex steroids to prepubertal values and delayed rate of skeletal maturation in order to maximize height potential.The several major categories of clinical drugs for PPP include anti estrogen/androgen,estrogen receptor blocker,aromatase inhibitors and cytochrome P450 inhibitors and so on.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia,poor feeding in infancy,hyperphagia with evolving obesity,hypogonadism,decreased adult height,and cognitive and behavioral disabilities.Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used in treating Prader-Willi syndrome,and it has achieved good results.Several aspects still need to be concerned,including evaluation before rhGH treatment,age at treatment initiation,dosing,monitoring of potential side effects,tolerability,endpoint,response evaluation,use of adjunct therapies,and issues of consent.