Objective · To understand the awareness of preventive treatment of disease in community residents, analyze the influencing factors, and explore ways to improve the awareness and service utilization. Methods · Community residents over 18 years of age who were from 26 community health service centers which were randomly selected in Shanghai were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire. General descriptive analysis was used for basic information and chi-square test for influencing factors. OR values were calculated and Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results · The awareness rate in community residents was low (57.1%). They got to know the preventive treatment of disease mainly through radio or television (48.4%), newspapers or magazines (36.9%), community propaganda (35.5%), and so on. The influencing factors were age, occupation, education, income, and ways to get to know the preventive treatment of disease. In short, the awareness rate and cognitive level in vulnerable groups were lower. Conclusion · The effects of current propaganda of the preventive treatment of disease is limited. The propaganda should be more scientific and pertinent, so as to deepen the cognition of community residents and promote the service utilization.

Objective: To observe the effect of acupoint massage plus Vitalstim electrical stimulation on deglutition function and surface electromyography (SEMG) of deglutition muscle groups. Methods: A total of 60 patients with deglutition disorder after stroke were selected and divided into an electrical stimulation group, a massage group and an integrated group according to the random number table method, with 20 cases in each group. Patients in these three groups were given the same routine rehabilitation training for deglutition. In addition, patients in the electrical stimulation group were given extra Vitalstim electrical stimulation, patients in the massage group were given extra acupoint massage on the head, face and neck, and patients in the integrated group were given extra acupoint massage plus Vitalstim electrical stimulation. Fujishima Ichiro food intake level scale (FILS) was scored before and after treatment. The swallowing duration and maximal amplitude of masseter muscle in SEMG were evaluated before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the FILS score and the maximal amplitude of recruitment potential generated by muscular contraction of masseter muscle group in the three groups were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and the swallowing duration of masseter muscle group was shortened compared with that in the same group before treatment (all P<0.05). After treatment, the FILS score in the integrated group was higher than that in the electrical stimulation group and the massage group (both P<0.05). The swallowing duration of masseter muscle group measured by SEMG was lower than that in the electrical stimulation group and the massage group (both P<0.05), while the maximal amplitude was higher than that of the electrical stimulation group and the massage group (P<0.05). After treatment, there were no significant differences in the FILS score, swallowing duration and maximal amplitude of masseter muscle group between the electrical stimulation group and the massage group (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Both acupoint massage and electrical stimulation can improve the deglutition function in patients with deglutition disorder after stroke, and improve the coordination and flexibility of masseter muscle. The integration of the two is more effective.

The roots of Pittosporum glabratum Lindl. (Pittosporaceae) have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, insomnia and hypertension. Only a few chemical or biological studies on P. glabratum have been reported. As part of our ongoing phytochemical research on this plant, four compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as 3beta, 6beta, 19alpha, 21alpha, 24-pentahydroxy-12-en-28-oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl siaresinolic acid (2), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-D-(5-O-syringoyl)-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) on the basis of physical evidence and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compound 1 is a new triterpenoid, and compounds 2-4 are isolated from the genus Pittosporum for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rosales ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of entecavir joint peginterferon α-2 a in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Methods The 80 cases of chronic hepatitis B patients were randomly divided into control group ( n =40 ) and treatment group ( n =40 ) . Patients in control group were given peginterferonα-2a 0.5 mL, once a week.Patients in treatment group were plused with oral entecavir 0.5 mg on the basis of control group, once a day.A course of treatment was a month in two groups, 12 courses of treatment. Respectively in the treatment of 3, 6, 12 months and 6 months after treatment, the hepatitis B virus ( HBV) DNA negative rate and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) normalization rate of two groups were tested.After treatment, the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse drug reactions of the two groups were compared.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group ( 92.50% vs 67.50%, P<0.05).The treatment of 3, 6, 12 months and 6 months after treatment,the HBV DNA negative rate and ALT normalization rate of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05).Adverse drug reactions in two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion Entecavir combined with peginterferonα-2a in the treatment of chronic hepati-tis B had distinct clinical efficacy and good safety.

Objective To investigate the effects of activator protein-1(AP-1)decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs)on the myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotension Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)in vitro.Methods CFs of neonatal Spra- gue-Dawley(SD)rats were isolated by trypsin digestion method.CFs were co-cultured with 10~(-7)mol/L Ang Ⅱ in the presence of different concentration of activator protein-1(AP-1)decoy ODNs or mutational AP-1 decoy ODNs for 24 h.Collagen synthesis was assessed by hydroxyproline and the mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ.Results The concentration of hydroxyproline increased significantly after treated by 10~(-7)mol/L Ang Ⅱ;decoy ODNs on the range of 10-200 nmol/L dose dependently decrease synthesis of collagen;Ang Ⅱ stimulates mRNA expression of collagen Ⅲ(1.04?0.07 vs 1.63?0.071,n=3,P

OBJECTIVETo compare the biological characteristics of colorectal cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with normal fibroblasts (NFs).

METHODSCAFs and NFs were isolated from fresh specimens of colorectal cancer and their paired normal colon tissue and cultured by tissue explant method. Light microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to identify isolated fibroblasts and to explore their characteristics of activation and growth.

RESULTSPrimary colorectal CAFs and NFs were isolated and cultured successfully. NFs showed spindled morphology and were arranged in interlacing or spiral bundles. CAFs were polygonal or spindle, but were fatter than NFs. They were distributed randomly and arranged irregularly, and had obvious actin expression. CAFs and NFs both expressed fibronectin, but not E-cadherin, CD31 and caldesmon. qPCR showed that CAFs expressed more fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and less fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1) than that of NFs. There was no difference in the expression of α-SMA between NFs and CAFs by Western blot. α-SMA was bundled in parallel to the long axis of the cell by immunofluorescence. By electron microscopy, CAFs but not NFs showed dense myofilament that was arranged regularly. Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of S- and G2-phase in CAFs were significantly lower than that in NFs. mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β1, stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-D in CAFs were lower while that for PDGFC was higher than that in NFs. That indicated the proliferation of CAFs was inhibited and the secretion of some cytokines was different when compared with NFs.

CONCLUSIONSCAFs show differences with NFs in morphology, characteristics of activation and secretion of some cytokines. The proliferation of CAFs is down regulated as compared with NFs.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Primary Cell Culture ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To observe the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on intestinal function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group A (n=12), group B (n=12) and group C (n=12). SCI model was established with Allen's mode (10 g×25 mm) at T10. 30 minutes later, group A was intraperitoneally injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg every 24 hours; group B was injected with Shuxuening injection (EGb) 1.75 mg/kg every 24 hours; group C were injected with equal volume of saline. The slow wave of intestinal smooth muscle was measured, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after modeling, while intestinal tissue was tested with HE staining. Results The amplitude and frequency of the myoelectric slow wave increased in the groups A and B 3 and 7 days after modeling compared with those in the group C (P<0.05); meanwhile, the activity of SOD increased and content of MDA decreased in the groups A and B (P<0.05). The HE scores decreased in the groups A and B compared with those in the group C (P<0.05), which presented that the inflammatory exudation was mild, the hemorrhagic spot was few and the area was limited. The intestinal villous of the group C was blunt with large infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface. Conclusion EGb can improve the recovery of intestinal function in rats spinal cord injury through antioxidant.

Iraq is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious federal country located in southwest Asia and northeast of the Arabian Peninsula. Medical insurance is based on the primary health care model, supplemented by private medical care. Traditional medicine in Iraq is dominated by Islamic medicine. With the support of the Chinese government, the first Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) center was established in 2000. However, due to safety issues, the management of the center had problems such as insufficient staff, limited medical experience, and non-persistentsupport. At present, TCM has not been included in the Iraqi medical insurance system, which has affected the people’s medical choice and hindered the development of TCM. It is recommended to strengthen the construction of existing TCM centers, improve the accessibility of TCM education, and strengthen the cooperation and exchanges of traditional medicine between the two countries to promote the spread and development of TCM in Iraq.

Aim To investigate the effect of nifedipine on the formation of autophagosomes in hepatoma cell line Huh-7 and its mechanism.Methods Different concentrations of nifedipine were used to interfere with the proliferation of Huh-7 cells in vitro.The effect of nifedipine on the proliferation of Huh-7 cells was detected by cell proliferation experiment and colony formation experiment.The expressions of Beclin1 and LC3B-Ⅱ were detected by Western blot.The effect of nifedipine on the formation of autophagosomes in Huh-7 cells was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results Nifedipine significantly inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.The IC50 of nifedipine on day 2 was 22.7 mg·L-1.Nifedipine at the concentration of 25 mg·L-1 significantly reduced the colony formation rate of Huh-7 cells compared with the control group, and the inhibition rate of colony formation was(95.46±0.45)%.Western blot analysis showed that nifedipine significantly up-regulated the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3B-Ⅱ.The amount of autophagosomes in nifedipine group cells were more than that of control group, which was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Conclusions Nifedipine significantly inhibits the proliferation of Huh-7 cells and promotes the formation of autophagosomes, which may be related to the up-regulation of Beclin1 protein expression by nifedipine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the qualifications and current situations of the medical and health institutions and certified doctors for providing occupational disease diagnosis in China and to provide a reference for developing relevant policies.

METHODSWork reports and questionnaires survey were used to investigate the qualifications of all medical and health institutions and certified doctors for providing occupational disease diagnosis in China and their acceptance and diagnosis of occupational disease cases from 2006 to 2010. The rate for the work reports was 100%, and the response rate for the questionnaires was 71.0%.

RESULTSBy the end of 2010, in the 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China, there had been 503 medical and health institutions which were qualified for providing occupational disease diagnosis, including 207 centers for disease control and prevention, accounting for 41.2%, 145 general hospitals, accounting for 28.8%, 69 enterprise-owned hospitals, accounting for 13.7%, and 64 institutes or centers for occupational disease prevention and control, accounting for 12.7%; 4986 certified doctors got the qualification for providing occupational disease diagnosis, with 9.4 certified doctors on average in each institution, and there was 0.65 certified doctor per 100 000 employees. In addition, 16.5% of the institutions got all the qualifications for diagnosing 9 occupational diseases, and 17.1% of the institutions got the qualification for diagnosing one occupational disease. Each certified doctor accepted diagnosis of 16.8 cases of occupational diseases on average every year.

CONCLUSIONA national occupational disease diagnosis network has been established in China, but the imbalance in regional distribution and specialty programs still exists among the qualified medical and health institutions and certified doctors. It is essential to further strengthen the development of regional qualified medical and health institutions and training of qualified doctors.

Accountable Care Organizations ; standards ; China ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; Physicians ; standards