Chinese patent medicine with double identity was a special phenomenon, and many preparations not only were prescription drugs but also over the counter ( OTC) drugs, which brought a lot of trouble. Based on statistics of list of OTC medicines of CFDA, related varieties, route of administration and functions of these drugs were searched. The causes of insufficient were analyzed and the potential risk was investigated. To ensure the safety of drug usage for the patient, risk management system should be set up by improving the technical requirements for registration, improving the drug labels and manuals, playing the role of pharmacists in pharmacy services and raising awareness of doctor and patient for these drugs.
China ; Humans ; Nonprescription Drugs ; adverse effects ; Risk Management

Ethnic medicine industry is facing many problems such as narrow market, exhaustion of resource, decline of ethnic medicine and no qualified successors. Sustainable development theory was utilized to analyse the elements and problems of ethnic medicine industry, and the counter measures were put forward to get rid of the predicament and to realize the sustainable development which depends on the ethnic medicine resources, national medicine, industrial policy, personnel training and modern technology. The development issues of ethnic medicine industry can be solved by the coordination of enterprise, government and public. Finally the ethnic medicine can provide better services for society.
China ; ethnology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; Drug Industry ; economics ; manpower ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics

Traditional Chinese medicine clinical pharmacy is the contact theory of traditional Chinese medicine and herbal application on the bridge, this paper systematically reviews the clinical pharmacy of traditional Chinese medicine the history, current situation of clinical pharmacy to conduct a comprehensive review, put forward the development of Chinese clinical pharmacy path, in order to strengthen the traditional Chinese medicine clinical pharmacy discipline construction and research.
Forecasting ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital ; methods ; trends ; Professional Role

The study was purposed to investigate the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into myocardial cells in vitro. Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were labeled and co-cultured with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) for 5 - 7 days. The expression of cell surface antigens was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of muscle-specific marker myosin and troponin T in labeled cells was detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that in vitro cultured MSCs expressed CD90, CD44, CD105, CD54, not expressed CD34, CD45, CD31. After co-cultured with neonatal rat CM, labeled MSCs differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells expressing myosin and troponin T. It is concluded that MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells when co-cultured with neonatal myocardial cells in vitro. In co-culture of two kind of cells in ratio of four to one showed obvious efficacy differentiating MSCs into CMs.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

This study was purposed to investigate the phenotype, in vitro expansion and cytokine secretion profile of Valpha24(+) NKT cells from cord blood (CB), peripheral blood (PB), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (G-PBMNCs). Fresh mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by the method of gradient centrifugation and then cultured with alpha-GalCer (100 ng/ml), IL-2 (50 U/ml), IL-15 (50 ng/ml) for 12 days. Valpha24(+) NKT cells were purified by anti-Vbeta11 TCR McAb and goat anti-mouse IgG magnetic beads. The phenotype and purity of Valpha24(+) NKT cells were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine production was analyzed by ELISA. The results showed that Valpha24(+) NKT cells in CB, PB and G-PBMNCs were expanded by 221.5 (95 - 501), 456.5 (101 - 2207), and 756.38 (82 - 20373)-fold respectively. After stimulation by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) for 24 hours, IL-4 and IFN-gamma produced by Valpha24(+) NKT cells from CB and PB were 180.33 (144.67 - 2253.48) vs 190.67 (110.07 - 6060.16) ng/ml, 864.33 (401.33 - 3386.67) vs 508.49 (253.82 - 8840.00) ng/ml respectively, with IL-4/IFN-gamma ratio of 0.503 +/- 0.642 vs 0.455 +/- 0.562 respectively. After expansion of Valpha24(+) NKT cells from G-PBMNCs, IL-4 and IFN-gamma produced by Valpha24(+) NKT cells at day 9 and day 12 were 139.08 (7.62 - 606) vs 89.3 (0 - 729.2) ng/ml, 14264.8 (1168 - 18059) vs 14488 (1041 - 18261) ng/ml respectively, with IL-4/IFN-gamma ratio of 0.0531 +/- 0.1081 vs 0.0376 +/- 0.1148 respectively. It is concluded that in presence of IL-2 and IL-15, alpha-GalCer can facilitate the rapid short-term expansion of Valpha24(+) NKT cells from CB, PB, and G-PBMNCs. Valpha24(+) NKT cells from G-PBMNCs show much high potential of expansion in comparison to the counterparts from CB or PB (p < 0.05). The activated Valpha24(+) NKT cells can secrete IFN-gamma and IL-4 in large amounts, with IFN-gamma in particular.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Galactosylceramides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; secretion ; Interleukin-15 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-4 ; secretion ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Natural Killer T-Cells ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study morphological features of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in hot property.

METHODAltogether 114 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in hot property were selected as study objects. EpiData 3.02 software was applied to establish a database, and SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.

RESULTIn terms of shape, there were 25 cylindrical herbs, accounting for 21.9%, which was the largest proportion; 12 flaky herbs, taking up 10.5%; 11 sphere herbs, occupying 9.6%; 9 ovate and massive herbs, respectively, accounting for 7.9%; 8 oval herbs, taking up 7.0%; and the rest herbs were distributed dispersedly. By color, there were red cases, accounting for 39.5%, which was the largest proportion; 29 yellow cases, accounting for 25.4%; 16 black cases, accounting for 14.1%; 15 green cases, accounting for 13.2%; and 9 white cases, accounting for 8.9%. By odor, there were 62 cases with aroma (including slight aroma), accounting for 54.4%; 28 cases with slight odor, accounting for 24.6%; 13 cases without odor, accounting for 11.4%; 7 cases with specific odor, taking up 6.1%; 4 fishy cases, taking up 3.5%. By taste, there were 36 cases in pungent taste (including slight pungent), occuping 31.6%; 35 cases in bitter taste (including slight bitter), taking up 30.7%; 19 sweet cases (including slight sweet), occuping 16.6%; 5 salt cases (including slight salt), occuping 4.5%; 4 sour cases (including slight sour), occuping 3.5%; 11 cases in flat taste, occuping 9.6%; 3 astringent cases, occupying 2.6%; and 1 numb-taste case, occuping 0.9%. In terms of texture, hard herbs (including hard and solid ones) occupied 39.4%; crisp herbs occupied 24.6%; light-weigh herbs occupied 12.3%; heavy-weigh herbs occupied 3.5%; loose herbs occupied 2.6%; and tough herbs occupied 5.3%.

CONCLUSIONThe morphologic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in hot property show certain regularity. They are mostly cylindrical, red, pungent and hard, with aroma.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Odorants ; Pigments, Biological ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Taste

OBJECTIVETo study morphological features of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property, such as shape, color, odor and taste.

METHODTotally 118 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property were selected as study objects. EpiData 3.02 software was applied to establish a database, and SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.

RESULTIn terms of shape, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property were classified into 20 categories. Specifically, there were 33 cylindrical herbs, accounting for 28%; there were 10 flaky, ovate and massive herbs respectively, taking up 8.5%; there were 7 oval and curled herbs, occupying 5.9%; there were 6 sphere herbs, accounting for 5.1%; and other shapes were distributed dispersedly. By color, they were classified into 18 kinds, including 15 cases in yellow-brown color, accounting for 12.7% ; 14 cases in yellow-white color, taking up 11.9%; 13 cases in white color, occupying 11.0%; 9 cases in gray-brown color, accounting for 8.5%; 7 cases in dark brown, taking up 5.9%; and there were 6 cases in green, gray and brown colors respectively, occupying 5. 1%. By odor, they could be classified into 6 categories, including 49 cases with feeble odor, accounting for 41.5%, 31 cases without odor, taking up 26.3%; 15 cases with specific odor, occupying 12.7%; with respect to taste, there were 26 cases in slight bitter taste, accounting for 22.0%; 25 cases in flat taste, taking up 21.2%; 24 cases in bitter taste, occupying 20.3%; and 16 cases in sweet taste, accounting for 13.6%. In terms of texture, there were 34 cases in crisp texture, taking up 28.8%; 26 cases in light weight, occupying 22%; 25 cases in hard texture, accounting for 21.2%; 11 cases in solid and tough textures, respectively, taking up 9.3%; those in heavy weight and loose, hard, smooth and other textures occupied a small proportion.

CONCLUSIONThe morphologic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in cold property show certain regularity. They are mostly cylindrical, yellow, slightly bitter and crisp, with feeble odor. They provide reference for further studies.

Color ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Odorants ; analysis ; Taste

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new technique for reduction mammaplasty appropriate to moderate or heavy hypertrophic breast.

METHODSThe superior-lateral dermo-glandular pedicle flap including the nipple-areola complex was created. After the extra glandular tissue was removed, the superior-lateral dermo-glandular pedicle with the nipple-areola complex was rotated, adjusted, sculptured and fixed to the thoracic wall so as to fashion a breast with natural projection and proper shape. This method was used in 4 patients(8 breasts).

RESULTSThe operation results were satisfactory without complications. The breasts maintained nice configuration and good function, with well lactating in one case.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of reduction mammaplasty with the superior-lateral dermo-glandular pedicle is a reasonable method to obtain nice breast configuration and good function.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; surgery ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Surgery, Plastic ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Chorea ; etiology ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Endarterectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism ; surgery

To summarize the nursing experience on recurrent intravenous leiomyomatosis with right atrial invasion in one case undergoing thoracoabdominal joint surgery.The key points were muhidisciplinary consultation and collaboration,detailed personalized surgical program and reasonable arrangements.A comprehensive preoperative assessment and psychological counseling was carried out.In the process of operation nosocomial infection was strictly controlled.The patient underwent an 8-hour procedure with 1 000ml intraoperative blood loss and was in good recovery right now.