A system analysis about the microbial flora of normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor from the high-salt-level watery state fermentation was made and the dominant bacteria and yeasts were identified.On the other hand,a discussion of effect of temperature on microbial flora was made.The results indicated that there were no obvious differences about the count of aerobe,spore-producing bacteria,enterobacteriaceae,lactic acid bacteria and anaerobe between the normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor and there were marked differences about the count of yeasts and salt-tolerant bacteria.The predominant yeasts in normal soybean sauce were Torulopsis and Saccharomyces,accounting for 55.9% and 35.3% of the total yeasts separately,and in abnormal soybean sauce were Pichia,candida and Saccharomyces,accounting for 62.8%,17.9% and 9.0% respectively.

These years with industrial antiseptics and disinfectants widely used, especially unscientifically used, the resistance of microorganisms is more and more serious, which brought much more difficulties to industrial producing. The developments on the resistance of microorganisms to industrial antiseptics and disinfectants, their resistant mechanisms and the control strategies are reviewed, which aids us to reasonably use industrial organic antiseptics and disinfectants in existence and provides academic and scientific basis.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of tractive reduction with external fixator and arthroscopically assisted treatment for tibial plateau fractures.

METHODSFrom February 2003 to January 2005, a total of 26 cases with tibial plateau fractures were reviewed. There were 4 cases of type I fracture, 5 type II, 4 type III, 6 type IV, 5 type V and 2 type VI based on Schatzker criteria. Before operation, X-ray examination and CT scanning were done. During operation, the dissociative fragments were reconstructed by tractive reduction with external fixator arthroscopically and fixated with screws or plates.

RESULTSAll the fractures were healed within 1.5 - 4 months, with no severe complications such as poor wound healing, infection or osteofascial compartment syndrome. All patients that were followed up for 7 - 21 months (mean, 16 months) showed no traumatic osteoarthritis, inversion or eversion of the knee. According to the Rasmussen scoring system, the outcome was excellent in 11 cases, good in 13 and fair in 2, with total score of 27 +/- 2.

CONCLUSIONSAs for Schatzker type I - VI tibial plateau fractures, tractive reduction with external fixator and arthroscopically assisted treatment is characterized by minimal invasion, fast fracture healing. It broadens operative interspace of articular cavity, improves accuracy of reduction, is beneficial for knee joint function to recover.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; External Fixators ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Closed ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Traction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Germ-free animals and metagenomic technology are the two major wheels for the study of microbiome in human health. Without a transplantation model of germ?free animals inoculated with microbiota (bacterial strains), it is impossible to establish the causal relationship between microbiota and diseases. Without germ?free animals, there will be no rapid development of research on the relationship between microbiota and human diseases today and tomorrow. Application of germ?free animals has formed four kinds of general research models, including comparison of conventional and germ?free animals, bacteria ( strain) transplantation with germ?free animals, rederivation of germ?free genetic engineering animals, and development of germ?free animals. Standardization of research mode will increase the scale and speed of application of germ?free animals. After ten years of efforts, Professor Wei Hong' s group has built the largest scale, the most stable tech?nical system, most widely used platform of germ?free animal in our country, which have provided a strong support in our country for scientific problem solving in the fields including animal husbandry, biomedicine, and food microbiology. At present, the germ?free animals are in small scale, low in efficiency, and the platform is separated from the application con?ditions. The basic theory and technical system of germ?free animals are still to be developed, and it is difficult to meet the growing demand for application. Establishment of an efficient large?scale research and application system of germ?free ani?mals will meet the needs of rapid development of microbiome research in China.

The effect of dietary intervention on intestinal flora and health has become a research focus in the medi-cal and health field. In terms of development, intestinal flora may become an important target for the study of the influence of dietary styl, health food and traditional Chinese medicine on human health. However, due to the complexity of intestinal flora,high standard for animal models that is applied to researches on the relationship between intestinal flora and dietary in?terference is required. It has been claimed that there is no living microorganisms and parasites inside germ?free animals, thus they are the most widely used basic animal models in the study of intestinal flora. Therefore, it is a common way to ap?ply germ?free animal for generating human flora animal model to study the relationship between diet, flora and health. In this paper we will review the researches and applications of human source flora animal models established by germ?free ani?mals and the influence of dietary intervention on gut microbiota.

Objective To investigate the change of the basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) leve in human detrusor muscle(DM)in bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)due to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and its implication.Methods Fifty-four patients with BPH were divided into two groups:the obstructive DM stability and instability groups;and 15 men with bladder tumor who underwent operation in the same period were enrolled in the control group.The bFGF mRNA level in DM was measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and the bFGF protein level was measured by immunohistochemical staining method.Results The bFGF-mRNA expression level of bladder smooth muscle cells was significantly lower in the control group than that in the obstructive DM stability and instability groups(all P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the obstructive DM stability and instability groups(P＞0.05). Conclusions The expression level of bFGF mRNA in bladder DM is elevated in BOO due to BPH,but there is little or no correlation between the increased expression of bFGF mRNA and detrusor muscle instability.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Wnt signaling suppression on proliferation of non small cell lung cancer to gefitinib, and its related mechanisms.

METHODSPC9 and PC9/AB2 cells of both gefitinib sensitive and resistant were treated with different concentrations of gefitinib, and the proliferation index was measured using CCK8 kit. The members of Wnt signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. Dual luciferase reportor gene assay (TOP Flash) was used to document the transcriptional level of β-catenin. β-catenin siRNA was transfected into PC9/AB2 cells to suppress the Wnt signaling transcription, followed by treatment with different concentrations of gefitinib. Western blot was then used to detect the expression of EGFR and its downstream signaling after inhibit the expression of β-catenin.

RESULTSTreating with different concentrations of gefitinib, the resistance of PC9/AB2 cells to gefitinib was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The members of Wnt signaling expressed at higher level in PC9/AB2 cells than in PC9 cells (t = 24.590, P = 0.000). TOP Flash examination showed that the endogenous transcriptional activity of Wnt signaling was higher in PC9/AB2 cell than that in PC9 cell (t = 4.983, P = 0.008). Compared with the negative control group, apoptotic rate and sensitivity to gefitinib significantly increased in interfered group (P < 0.05). The expression of p-ERK1/2 significantly decreased after Wnt signaling suppression, although other proteins showed no significant alterations.

CONCLUSIONSuppressing the activity of Wnt signaling can partly reverse the celluar resistance to gefitinib in non small cell lung cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Nur77 on lipid loading in macrophages exposed to 40 microg/ml oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).

METHODSStable RAW264.7 strain expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP-Nur77 was established by G418 screening after transfection with corresponding plasmids and identified by Western blot. After 24 h stimulation with ox-LDL, intracellular lipid loading of each strain was observed by Oil Red O dyeing, and the intracellular cholesterol level was measured by liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The transcriptional changes of CD36 and ABCA1 were monitored by Real Time Quantitative-PCR, while the expressions of these two proteins were assayed by flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 24 h stimulation with ox-LDL, intracellular total cholesterol and esterified cholesterol concentration in GFP-Nur77-RAW264.7 were significantly dropped by 26.15% and 30.93% respectively (P < 0.05 vs. GFP-RAW264.7). The transcription and expression of ABCA1 in GFP-Nur77-RAW264.7 were significantly increased while the transcription and expression of CD36 were significantly reduced (all P < 0.05 vs. GFP-RAW264.7).

CONCLUSIONOrphan nuclear receptor Nur77 reduced ox-LDL induced intracellular lipid loading in macrophages by inhibiting lipid influx and enhancing lipid efflux.

Animals ; CD36 Antigens ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ; Receptors, Steroid ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and related mechanism of retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced differentiation of macrophage into dendritic cell.

METHODSRAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line was cultured with ox-LDL for 48 h in the absence and presence of RXR activator 9-cisRA or SR11237. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscope and cell surface markers involved in dendritic cell immune maturation and activation was analyzed by FACS. Cellular reactive oxygen species production was detected by CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe.

RESULTSox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line differentiated into dendritic like cells after 48 h and cell surface markers CD40, CD86, CD83, MHC Class II and CD1d were upregulated. These changes could be attenuated by cotreatment with 9-cisRA or SR11237. Upregulated cell surface markers CD40, CD86, CD83, MHC Class II and CD1d by ox-LDL were decreased about 47%, 43%, 48%, 32% and 17% respectively by 9-cisRA and 38%, 38%, 46%, 36% and 32% respectively by SR11237. The effect of 9-cisRA and SR11237 was dose dependent. Cellular reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 cells (MFI 38.24 +/- 4.20 vs. 4.46 +/- 0.39, P < 0.05) and which was significantly reduced by 9-cisRA (10(-7) mol/L) and SR11237 (10(-6) mol/L) to 12.60 +/- 1.52 and 17.89 +/- 1.91 respectively (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRXR activation partly inhibits the differentiation of ox-LDL induced macrophage into dendritic cell by reducing oxidative stress injury.

Animals ; Benzoates ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Retinoid X Receptors ; metabolism ; Retinoids ; pharmacology ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease with high mortality. Stud-ies have suggested that NEC are associated with prematurity and very?low birth weight, but the exact etiology and pathogen?esis has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is important to build an ideal NEC model to explore the pathogenesis and pre?vention measures of NEC to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC.