ObjectiveTo explore the guidance value of “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） based on the differences of syndromes and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatments in COVID-19 patients from Xingtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Hebei province and Ruili Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine of Yunnan province and discuss its significance in the prevention and treatment of the unexpected acute infectious diseases. MethodDemographics data and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from the two hospitals were collected retrospectively and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The information on formulas was obtained from the hospital information system （HIS） of the two hospitals and analyzed by the big data intelligent processing and knowledge service system of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine for frequency statistics and association rules analysis. Heat map-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and formulas. ResultA total of 175 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The 70 patients in Xingtai，dominated by young and middle-aged males，had clinical symptoms of fever， abnormal sweating，and fatigue. The main pathogenesis is stagnant cold-dampness in the exterior and impaired yin by depressed heat， with manifest cold， dampness， and deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic methods highlight relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness， accompanied by draining depressed heat. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Gypsum Fibrosum，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Pogostemonis Herba. By contrast，the 105 patients in Ruili， dominated by young females， had atypical clinical symptoms， and most of them were asymptomatic patients or mild cases. The main pathogenesis is dampness obstructing the lung and the stomach， with obvious dampness and heat syndromes. The therapeutic methods are mainly invigorating the spleen， resolving dampness， and dispersing Qi with light drugs. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Coicis Semen，Platycodonis Radix，Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， and Pogostemonis Herba. ConclusionThe differences in clinical characteristics， TCM syndromes， and medication of COVID-19 patients from the two places may result from different regions，population characteristics， and the time point of the COVID-19 outbreak. The “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory can help to understand the internal correlation and guide the treatments.

Objective: To investigate the influence of HBsAg expression in peritumoral tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients on their postoperative recurrence. Methods: The HCC patients treated in Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from October 2009 to August 2010 were selected. The clinicopathological data and adjacent tissues of 718 patients were collected, and dextran polymer immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HBsAg in adjacent tissues. According to the expression of HBsAg in adjacent tissues, the tissues were divided into HBsAg positive group and HBsAg negative group. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Among the 718 patients in the whole group, 153 were HBsAg negative and 565 were HBsAg positive. There was a statistically significant difference in serum HBV DNA level between HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients (P<0.001). The number of patients with serum DNA≥2 000 IU/ml and<2 000 IU/ml in HBsAg negative group were 52 and 93, while the patients in HBsAg positive group were 325 and 205. The cumulative recurrence rates of all patients at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were 30.2%, 54.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. The expression of HBsAg was related to the recurrence (P=0.038). Multivariate analysis showed that γ-GT, PT, multiple tumors, tumor length, and portal vein invasion were independent risk factors for recurrence of HCC (P<0.05). In HBeAg-negative patients with low viral load (HBV DNA <2 000 IU/ml) and without cirrhosis, the recurrence rates of HBsAg-positive patients were 14.3% and 31.0% at 3 and 5 years, respectively, compared with HBsAg negative patients (all 0), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). Conclusion: The positive expression of HBsAg in peritumoral tissue increases the postoperative recurrence risk of HCC patients.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; China ; DNA, Viral/analysis* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/metabolism* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology*

Abstract: Objective - - To establish a pre column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography method for detecting Methods dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in workplace air. DMS in workplace air was collected with mercaptopyridine impregnated （ silicone tube. The derivative of DMS and mercaptopyridine was eluted by mobile phase phase A: water, phase B: acetonitrile, ∶ the volume ratio was 40 60) , and separated with a C18 column, then detected with diode array detector and quantitated by a Results - standard curve. The linear range of DMS was 0.17 40.00 mg/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 95. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantitation were 0.05 and 0.17 mg/L respectively. The minimum detection concentration and minimum quantitation concentration were 0.02 and 0.04 mg/m³, respectively (air sample volume of 4.5 L, 1.0 mL sample - - - solution). The average desorption efficiency was 98.40% 102.00%. The within run and between run relative standard deviations - - were 0.61% 3.92% and 1.71% 6.00%, respectively. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. Conclusion This method can be used to detect DMS in workplace air.

Abstract: Nitrobenzene compounds (NBCs) are widely used in the world. It has 40 isomers such as nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene and nitrotoluene, that are highly toxic and difficult to degrade and can cause harm to human health in different degrees. At pres⁃ ent, there is no unified standard method and occupational exposure limit for the detection of NBCs in the air. In terms of sampling medium, solid adsorption tube is mostly used for trapping vapor state NBCs, and filter membrane and solid adsorption tube are mostly used in series for sampling coexist NBCs in vapor state and aerosol state. In the detection methods, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are common, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, ion migration spectrometry and some other rapid response methods and technologies are also used in the detection of NBCs. In the detection of NBCs by gas chro⁃ matography, capillary column separation is commonly used, and the main detectors are flame ionization detector, electron capture detector and mass spectrometry detector. It is of practical significance to establish a method with high sensitivity, strong practica⁃ bility, convenient operation, and can simultaneously collect and detect a variety of NBCs in different states.

Objective - - To prepare the GDH 5 air sampling tube for simultaneous collection of eight kinds of chloro nitrobenzene （ ） ， compounds CNBs in the air of workplace and establish a matching determination method using gas chromatography. Methods - - ， Eight kinds of CNBs in vapor and aerosol state were collected by self developed GDH 5 air sampling tube desorbed ， ， ， by toluene separated by polysiloxane gas chromatography column detected by microcell electron capture detector and Results - （ - quantified by external standard method. It was determined that the air sampling tube was assembled by XAD 2 ion ） - ， exchange resin and glass fiber filter membrane. The linear range of CNBs was 0.80 240.00 mg/L and the linear correlation - - coefficients were greater than 0.999 9. The detection limit was 7.87 13.03 μg/L. The minimum detectable concentration was 0.60 3， - 3（ ） 1.33 μg/m and the minimum quantitative concentration was 2.00 4.22 μg/m sample 45.00 L . The average desorption - - （RSD） - ， - RSD efficiency was 101.2% 110.0%. The within run relative standard deviation was 0.8% 4.1% and the between run - Conclusion - was 0.3% 5.8%. The samples could be stored for more than 30 days at room temperature. GDH 5 air sampling tube and its associated determination method can be used for the collection and determination of eight kinds of CNBs in workplace air.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the occupational exposure limit for trimethyltin chloride(TMT) in workplace air. METHODS:According to the GBZ/T 210.1-2008 Guide for Establishing Occupational Health Standards--Part 1: Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Chemicals in the Workplace, the relevant literatures on toxicology, population epidemiology and foreign occupational exposure limit of TMT were collected and analyzed. A total of 276 workers with TMT occupational exposure were selected as the exposure group and 25 workers without TMT occupational exposure were selected as the control group.Worksite survey of occupational health and occupational medical examination were carried out. Combined with the literature data, the occupational exposure limit of TMT in the workplace air was calculated by using the 90% medical reference level(internal exposure limit) of the urine TMT level of workers who exposed to TMT without moderate hypokalemia. RESULTS: The time-weighted average of TMT in the workplace air is 0.100 mg/m~3 and the short-term exposure limit is 0.200 mg/m~3 in the United States based on total organic tin. The highest concentration of TMT in the workplace air in Germany is 0.005 mg/m~3. The literature data analysis results showed that the incubation period of TMT poisoning is mostly 3-6 days, and the main symptoms of TMT poisoning are hypokalemia in the early stage, followed by neuropsychiatric symptoms such as headache, memory loss and aggressive behavior. The median(M) and the 0-100 th percentile(P_0-P_(100)) of exposure to TMT were 8.35(< 0.20-91.40) μg/m~3 in the exposure group. The individual TMT exposure level of workers in different positions from high to low were crushing, granulation, withdrawal and assembly positions. The M(P_0-P_(100)) of urinary TMT level in the exposure group was 16.94(<0.50-591.14) μg/L. There was a positive correlation between the individual TMT exposure level and urine TMT level in the exposure group(Spearman correlation coefficient=0.62, P<0.01). The detection rate of hypokalemia in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group(26.1% vs 4.0%, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the detection rate of moderate hypokalemia between the two groups(3.3% vs 0.0%, P>0.05). The 90% medical reference value of urine TMT was 89.90 μg/L in workers exposed to TMT without moderate hypokalemia. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent acute hypokalemia damage caused by TMT, we recommended that the occupational exposure limit of TMT in the workplace air should be set at 0.025 mg/m~3 in China, and this limit should be the maximum allowable concentration.

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for detecting volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in air by a portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). METHODS: A portable GC-MS hand-held probe was used for sampling and detection. All effluent components were qualitatively analyzed by the standard spectral library of the United State National Institute of Standards and Technology. The percentage of peak area of the component was calculated by normalization method. The static distribution method was adopted in the semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis using nitrogen as the diluting gas to prepare different mass concentration of 13 kinds of VOCs in the mixed standard gas. The retention time and characteristic ions were used for qualitative analysis, and the quantitated full scanning mode was used for quantitative analysis.RESULTS: The minimum detected mass concentration of the 13 chemical harmful factors was 0.02-0.10 mg/m~3, and the minimum quantitative mass concentration was 0.07-0.38 mg/m~3. The recovery rate was 84.76%-116.56%, and the within-and between-run relative standard deviations were 4.10%-12.50% and 8.17%-14.36%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The portable GC-MS instrument could be used for qualitative alalysis, peak area percentage determination, semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs in the workplace air or sudden chemical poisoning accidents.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for determination of methyl pentane in workplace air. METHODS: Methyl pentane in workplace air was collected with activated carbon tube and desorbed with carbon disulfide, then separated by DB-1 capillary column, detected by flame ionization detector, and quantified by standard curve method. RESULTS: Good linearity was obtained in the range of 1.98-6 600.00 mg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 9. The minimum detection limit and the minimum quantification limit were 0.06 and 0.20 mg/L, respectively. The minimum detection concentration and minimum quantification concentration was 0.04 and 0.14 mg/m~3, respectively(calculated by collecting 1.5 L of air sample). The average desorption efficiency was 97.3%-102.2%. The within-run relative standard deviation(RSD) and the between-run RSD were 0.4%-0.9% and 0.3%-3.0%, respectively. The sampling efficiency was 96.7%-100.0% and the penetration capacity was 8.68 mg. The samples can be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. CONCLUSION: This method is suitable for methyl pentane detection in workplace air.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of chlorobenzene compound(CBs) in workplace air using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) technique. METHODS: The GDH-3 air sampling tube was developed independently, and were used to collect the 12 kinds of CBs in the vapor state and aerosol state in the air. After elution with toluene solvent, portable GC-MS method was used for detection. Fast chromatographic column was used for separation, and then qualitatively analyzed with retention time and characteristics of the ions, and quantitative analyzed by standard curves. RESULTS: The quantitative determination ranges of the 12 kinds of CBs were 0.20-200.00 mg/L. All the correlative coefficients were greater than 0.998 3. All the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.01 mg/m~3, and all the minimum quantitative mass concentration was 0.04 mg/m~(3 )(15 L sample). The average elution efficiency was 88.97%-116.86%. The within-run and the between-run relative standard deviation was 10.15%-13.48% and 12.87%-19.66%, respectively. All the sampling efficiencies were>90.00%. CONCLUSION: The portable GC-MS technique could be used for rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of 12 kinds of CBs in workplace air.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare and develop a GDH-2 air sampling tube for detecting 12 kinds of chlorobenzenes(CBs) in workplace air and to establish a matching detecting method. METHODS: The self-developed GDH-2 air sampling tube was filled with ion exchange resin and activated carbon, and the mass ratio was 10 ∶1. The GDH-2 air sampling tube was used to collect 12 kinds of CBs with coexistence of gaseous and aerosol in the air. After elution with toluene, they were separated on a chromatographic column and determined by microcell electron capture detector. RESULTS: The quantitative detecting range of the method was 0.51×10~(-3)-6 000.00 mg/L, with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 4. The minimum detection concentration was 0.02-61.99 μg/m~3, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.05-206.62 μg/m~3. The average desorption efficiency was 90.8%-104.0%. The within-run relative standard deviation(RSD) was 1.0%-5.7%, and the between-run RSD was 3.0%-7.3%. The samples can be stored at room temperature for at least 26 days. CONCLUSION: The self-developed GDH-2 air sampling tube and its matching measuring method can be used for the collection and determination of the 12 kinds of CBs in the air of workplace.