Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; China ; Chronic Disease ; Heart Failure ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to liver injury. Activated hepatic cell is thekey evidence in the pathological fibrosis,which results in synthesis of large quantities of extracellular matrix components. Cytokines secreted mostly by activated Kupffer cell were remarkabe factors which have been proposed to stimulate and inhibit the fibrosis process.The close relationship between hepatic fibrosis and cytokines has been investigated. The article summarizes some important cytokines and the cytokines which can be used as target of antifibrotic therapy.

BackgroundAllogenic immunological rejection is still the common cause of keratoplasty failure.Organ culture is a good choice for gradually attenuating corneal antigeniciy.However,the complicated regulatory mechanism of such allogenic rejection with organ culture gratts is unclear until now.ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of several Thl/Th2 cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets in the rat corneal allogenic transplantation rejection with organ culture grafts.MethodsThirty-six SPF Wistar rats served as donors,and 72 SPF SD rats served as recipients in this study.Seventy-two SD rats were divided into two groups randomly.Organ culture and fresh grafts from Wistar rats were performed on 36 recipients SD rats,respectively.Six normal SD rats were served as the normal control.After transplantation,graft survival time was observed ; Aqueous humor levels of IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and TNF-α were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine CD25 expressions in grafts.Levels of TNF-αmRNA,IFN-γmRNA,IL-4mRNA and CD25mRNA in grafts were detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reagction.The levels of CD28subsets in peripheralblood were determined by Flow Cytometry.The use of experimental animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results The mean rat graft survival time was longer in the organ culture grafts group( 13.78 d) than that with fresh gratts( 10.56 d)(t=14.945,P =0.000 ).The aqueous humor levels of IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and TNF-α were higher in two allograft groups at day 6,day 13 and day 24 after transplantation than that in the normal control,which peaked at day 13,and the fresh grafts group had the highest level( F=324.891,416.416,240.661,364.533,P=0.000).At day 13,CD25 was weakly expressed in frozen section of two operation groups.The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γmRNA in organ culture grafts group was markedly less than in fresh grafts group at day 13 after surgeries (t =2.464,P =0.039;t=5.438,P=0.001 ),whereas there was no significient difference in IL-4 and CD25 mRNA levels between them (t=-0.782,P =0.457,t =0.712,P =0.497).The percentages of CD28 of the fresh graft group increased significantly and more weakly expressed in organ culture grafts group (P =0.016 ). Conclusions Th1/Th2 cytokines and CD28 lymphocyte subsets may play important roles during corneal allograft rejection with organ culture grafts.

Objective To investigate precaution effect of ephedrine on protamine's untoward reaction. Meth-ods Forty patients, who were scheduled to have mitml valve replacement operation were randomly divided into two groups: ephedrine group(group A, n = 20) and control group (group B, n = 20). 50ml solution, mixed with protamine and 5% glucose,was injected through internal jugular vein in five minutes to neutralize the effect of heparin. In group A,3mg ephedrine was added into neutralization solution while in group B nothing was added. Arterial pressure(AP) , heart rate(HB) peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation(SpO2) and airway resistance(AR) were measured before injection and 1,3,5,10 minutes after injection in both groups. Results In group A, the AP, HR, SpO2 and AR had no significant difference before and after injection (P >0.05) ;while in 6 eases of group B, the AP, HR, SpO2 and AR have significant difference before and after injection. Conclusion Ephedrine can significantly improve protamine's untoward reaction, and neutralize the effect of heparin.

Cationic polymer, a kind of nonviral nanometric gene vector,have attracted more and more attention because they have many advantages in terms of low toxicity,lack of specific immune response,ease of large-scale production and big load.There are also many advance in how to increase the efficience of transduction.The anthor reviewed the advance of PLL and PEI as the nonviral nanometric gene vectors.

The involvement of oxidization of peroxid in the antigen-antibody reaction makes the cell membrane permeability enhanced, so the fluorescence-labeled antibody stain can infiltrate into the cell easily and contact the antigen rapidly and diffusely, and then the antigen-antibody crosslinking can be formed efficiently. With the enhanced staining efficiency, shortened test duration, simplified operation, increased positive detection rate and accuracy, the new technology lays a foundation of clinical definite, curative effect view and prognosis.

The MLN64 gene,which is localized in q12-q21 of the human chromosome 17,encodes a novel transmembrane protein containing 445 amino acids .The C-terminus of MLN64 shares significant homology with the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR)protein,while its N-terminal domain exhibits a function of targe-ting the protein to late endosomes .MLN64 is likely to be involved in cholesterol transport and synthesis of steroid hormones.MLN64 gene,coamplified with C -erbB-2,is overexpressed in certain breast carcinomas and exerts an influence on biological characteristics of breast cancer cells .The high levels of MLN 64 observed in some breast carcinomas could contribute to the growth and progression of these tumors through increased intratumoral steroido -genesis,and is considered as a predictive factor of breast cancer prognosis .

Objective The study is mainly on the effect and outcome of 131 I treatment for children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer .Methods We compared the difference between rhTSH -aided ra-dioiodine treatment and L -thyroxin withdrawal .Our study collected 87 patients in a retrospective study .In order to analysis the effect,we divided into two groups.The experimental group has 46 patients,and control check has 41 patients.We compared the basic characteristics and mortality in different groups by χ2 -test,t-test and F-test based on data type .Results The thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations of experimental group patients have significant differences in the first ,the third and the sixth day after the injected of rhTSH ,the third day is the highest.The TSH concentration has significant difference between the two groups before 131I treatment(t=2.362, P=0.023).For the Tg(thyrobolulin)negative patients,Tg concentration in control check is higher than the third day after injected of rhTSH in the experiment group (1.5 ±1.2 vs.0.7 ±1.4,P=0.034).Whole body image has been done by scintigraphic after 3~8 months of 131I treatment.Thirty four(84%)patients have no radioiodine up-take in experiment group,and 40(87%)patients have no radioiodine uptake in control check ,there is no differ-ence between the two groups (χ2 =0.277,P=0.599).There is no difference between the two groups on the rea-son for retreatment(P=0.875).Conclusion The outcome of rhTSH -aided radioiodine treatment is similar to L-thyroxin withdrawal in short -term recurrences ,and rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment with 131 I therapy for children and adolescents with DTC is a better method .

P2X receptors are ligand gated ion channels, extracellular ATP is their natural extracellular ligand. When any of the subtypes of P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are combined, P2X channel opens, allowing cations (calcium, sodium, potassium, etc. ) pass through. Enteric nervous system is composed of the gut myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus, in both of which P2X receptors exist, mediating different effects under physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, the enteric nervous system,P2X receptor distribution and related functions are reviewed in order to further explore the P2X receptor in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.