Objective To study the effect of chitosan on the growth of the in vitro cultured retinal nerve cells. Methods The retinal nerve cells of SD baby rats were cultured in vitro. The effects of chitosan at 0.065%,1.25%,2.5%,5%,10%,15% on the growth of the retinal nerve cells were measured by MTT method. The blank control group was created. Results 1.25%,2.5%,5%,and 10% chitosan could obviously promote the growth of retinal nerve cells,and 10% chitosan was the optimal concentration for the growth of nerve cells. Conclusion Chitosan can effectively promote the growth of retinal nerve cells,and it is necessary to undertake the further study of Chitosan.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important components in Chinese medicine industry. However, the lack of big brand is becoming an urgent problem which is critical to the survival of SMEs. This article discusses the concept and traits of Chinese medicine of big brand, from clinical, scientific and market value three aspects. Guided by market value, highlighting clinical value, aiming at the scientific value improvement of big brand cultivation, we put forward the key points in cultivation, aiming at obtaining branded Chinese medicine with widely recognized efficacy, good quality control system and mechanism well explained and meanwhile which can bring innovation improvement to theory of Chinese medicine. According to the characters of SMEs, we hold a view that to build multidisciplinary research union could be considered as basic path, and then, from top-level design, skill upgrading and application three stages to probe the implementation strategy.
China ; Drug Industry ; economics ; standards ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate effect of tacrolimus on renal function, blood lipids, cytokines and peripheral HMGB-1 and NF-κB in nephrotic syndrome patients.Methods From January 2012 to January 2014 in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 cases of patients with nephrotic syndrome were included based on random number table, and divided into two groups (n=65) and control group (n=62).Control group with conventional symptomatic treatment, observation group in combination with tacrolimus treatment on the basis of control group, which were treated for a total of two courses, eight weeks for a course of treatment.Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C levels, serum IL-1, TNF-αlevels and serum HMGB-1 and NF-κB levels were evaluated.Results The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels after treatment was significantly lower than that of control group, respectively ( P<0.05 ) .TG, TC and LDL-C levels after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group respectively (P<0.05).Serum IL-1 and TNF-αlevels after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group respectively (P<0.05).Serum HMGB-1 and NF-κB levels after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion Tacrolimus can reduce blood lipid levels, inflammatory reaction and serum HMGB-1, NF-κB levels in nephrotic syndrome patients, and significantly improve renal function.

Objective To investigate effect of alprostadil on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and nutritional biochemical indexes in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods According to the random number table, 129 patients with chronic renal failure patients were included in this group and randomly divided into observation groups (n=67) and control group (n=62).Control group were given conventional symptomatic treatment, and the observation group were given alprostadil treatment on the basis of control group with a course of four weeks of both groups.The Scr, BUN, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, Ca2 +, ALB, P3 +, Hb, RBC, hemorheology changes were compared before and after treatment.Results The Scr, BUN levels after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and Scr, BUN levels in observation group after treatment was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05).Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP after treatment significantly decreased than before treatment (P<0.05), serum IL-6, TNF-α, CRP after treatment was significantly lower than control group ( P<0.05 ).After treatment, Ca2 +, ALB levels of observation group was significantly higher than control group and P3 +was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences of Hb, RBC.The hemorheology of observation group before treatment was significantly lower than control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Alprostadil can significantly improve renal function, and the possible mechanism may be associated with reducing serum levels of inflammatory factors and improving blood rheology, which delay progression of chronic renal failure effectively.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and obesity,plasma glucose as well as insulin concentrations.Methods Fasting plasma leptin concentrations were measured with IRMA in 171 cases (including 84 type 2 DM,36 IGT,51 NGT;90 men,81 women),and oral glucose tolerance test was done in every case to measure plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.Height,body weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI).Results Fasting plasma leptin levels are correlated with BMI( r=0.6772,P

Objective To analyze the death causes of the burn patients so as to explore the effective procedures which can raise burn management level. Methods One hundred patients died of burn injury during the past 20 years were enrolled in the study. The died patients were grouped as A (1984～1993) and B (1994～2003) groups, each group containing 50 cases. The mortality, burn area and depth, etiology, pre-hospital treatment, admission time, survival time, tracheostomy, the application of respirator and fibrobronchoscope, operation times, continuous renal replace treatment (CRRT), the incidence of inhalation injury and the pathogenesis of burn death were analyzed and compared between A and B groups. Results There were no differences in burn severity (area and degree), etiology and causes of burn death between the two groups. But the mortality in B group (1%) was evidently lower than that in A group (2%, P

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of propofol on the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats in vitro.Methods Primary hippocampal neurons were prepared from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 7 days) and cultured for 7 days.The neurons were randomly divided into 7 groups (n =8 each):control group (group C),propofol 4,8 and 12 μg/ml groups (groups P1-3),and fat emulsion 4,8and 12 μg/ml groups (groups F1-3).The cells were cultured for 24 h in the culture medium containing propofol 4,8 and 12μg/ml in groups P1-3,respectively.The cells were cultured for 24 h in the culture medium containing fat emulsion 4,8 and 12 μg/ml in groups F1 3,respectively.The cell morphology was examined by microscopy after 24 h culture.The expression of caspase-3 (by immuno-histochemistry) and neuronal apoptosis were detected.The neuronal apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the neuronal apoptosis rate and caspase3 expression were significantly increased in groups P1-3 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The neuronal apoptosis rat and caspase-3 expression were increased in a concentration-dependent manner in groups P1-3 (P ＜ 0.05).The neuronal apoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression were significantly lower in groups F1-3 than in groups P1-3 (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the neuronal apoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression between groups F1-3 (P ＞ 0.05).The damage to neurons was induced in groups P1-3 and most severe in group P3.Conclusion Propofol can promote the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner.

Objective To observe the effect of Rosuvastatin on apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1),apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and Apo B/Apo A1 patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods One hundred and fifty hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome were randomly divided into three groups,A group (Rosuvastatain,5 mg/d),B group (Rosuvastatain,10 mg/d),and C group (Simvastatin,20 mg/d).Before and at 4,8 weeks after treatments tested the three groups' cholesterol (TC),glycerin(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),Apo A1,Apo B.Compare the blood lipids aforementioned before and after treatments in three groups.Results (1) After treatments for 4 weeks,TC,LDLC in three groups are significant lower than before (P ＜ 0.05).After treatments for 8 weeks,TC,LDL-C,Apo B,Apo B/Apo A1 of three groups are lower than before and HDL-C 、Apo A1 is higher than before (P ＜ 0.05).(2)After treatments for 8 weeks,comparing to A and C groups,TC,LDL-C,Apo B,Apo B/Apo A1 in B group were lower while HDL-C、Apo A1 were higher (P ＜ 0.05).(3)The incidences of liver damage has no significant differences among three groups (x2 =1.25,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Effects of 10 mg/d rosuvastatain were better than 5 mg/d rosuvastatain and 20 mg/d simvastatin in increasing Apo A1 and decreasing Apo B,Apo B/Apo A1,and then effectively control of ACS.

Objective To study the relationship and changes of cytokine interleukine-18(IL-18),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?)and interferon-gama(IFN-?)in viral myocarditis(VM).Method Changes of serum cytokine IL-18,TNF-? and IFN-? of 72 acute VM patients and 25 healthy children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results 1.P-values represented the obvious significance of difference as comparing the concentration of serum cytokine IL-18,TNF-? and IFN-? of VM children with that of the control group(Pa

The precise measurement in lens thickness in vivo, provides great application value for intraocular accommodation and ametropia development mechanism research.And it has great clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and cataract.Currently, many ultrasonic methods and optical methods are used in measuring lens thickness.The measurement principles, advantages, disadvantages and the accuracy of the instruments are summarized in this paper.Among these methods, Orbscan II, Pentacam, Lenstar and AS-OCT can be used to measure lens thickness instead of A-scan.More important is the fact that UL-OCT can dynamically monitor the change of the lens thickness with intraocular accommodation.Choosing an instrument with higher measuring accuracy to examine the lens thickness, can provide more accurate and convincing lens thickness data for clinical and scientific research.