Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.

To discuss the availability of evaluation on the dissolution studies of the multicomponents in traditional Chinese medicine, the in vitro dissolution of total composition of the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components and its correlation with the in vivo were studied by the method of area under the absorbance-wavelength curve (AUAWC). Taken the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components which is composed of sodium ferulate and ligustrazine hydrochloride as subject model, the dissolution tests were carried out with basket method. The plasma concentrations of tablets in different rats were determined by AUAWC at different interval times. The in vivo absorption percentage was calculated by Wagner-Nelson equation to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo correlation. According to the results, the cumulative dissolution in vitro of total composition of tablets of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components at 60 min was 90.65% in water by AUAWC. The in vivo pharmacokinetics is fitted with an one-compartment model. The linear equation based on the cumulative dissolution rate (fr) and absorption percentage (fa) at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min was fa = 0.819 7 fr+0.183 and the correlation coefficient was 0.959 5, which showed a good correlation between the in vitro dissolution and the in vivo absorption percentage. The method of AUAWC can be used accurately, feasibly and conveniently to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo correlation of total composition of tablets of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components, which will provide better guidance to study the in vitro and in vivo correlation of sustained release preparation etc under complex system of traditional Chinese medicine in the future.
Animals ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets

Adult ; Chondroma ; pathology ; Ear Auricle ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Lipoma ; pathology ; Male

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE; To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Capsule (JTXZC) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of qi-yin deficiency phlegm-stasis inter-obstruction syndrome (QYDPSIOS), and to observe its effect on inflammatory factors and fibrinolytic factors.

METHODSBy adopting a randomization grouping, parallel control, and prospective study, 73 T2DM patients of QYDPSIOS were assigned to two groups by random digit table, the Pioglitazone Tablet group (36 cases, as the control) and the JTXZC group (37 cases). All patients maintained their basic therapies and lifestyle as previous after recruitment. Patients in the JTXZC group took JTXZC, 4 pills each time, three times per day, while those in control group took Pioglitazone Tablet, 15 mg each time, once daily. The therapeutic course for all was 8 weeks. The body weight (BW), the height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and scoring of Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms were observed. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAL-1) were detected. The safety indices such as liver and renal functions and adverse reactions were also observed.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, BW, BMI, HbA1c, and PBG were obviously lower after 8-week treatment than before treatment in the JTXZC group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in post-treatment BW, BMI, HbA1c, or 2 h PBG between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, levels of TNF-alpha and PAI-1 were lowered after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (P < 0.01). The level of NF-kappaB was obviously lowered after 8 weeks of treatment in the control groups (P < 0.05), but it also decreased in the JTXZC group with no statistical difference. The scorings of CM symptoms were somewhat improved after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01). Besides, better effects were obtained in the JTXZC group (P < 0.05). No severe adverse event occurred in either group during the whole therapeutic course.

CONCLUSIONSJTXZC showed similar therapeutic effect to pioglitazone. Both of them could effectively improve patients' clinical symptoms, the inflammation and fibrinolytic activities in different pathways, with no severe adverse reaction.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Qi ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Autoimmune Diseases ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatitis ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery

BACKGROUND: After local injection of Botulinum toxin type-A (BoTX-A), not only the function of the neuromuscular conjunction was affected, but also the changes occurred remote from the injected site. F-waves result from the back fire of the motoneuron activation, which may indirectly reflect the functional state of the motoneurons.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the remote effect of local BoTX-A injection by F-wave test.DESIGN: Self-control study based on patients with movement disorders.SETTING: Neruologic clinic in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six patients with movement disorders not received previous local BoTX-A were selected from Neurological Clinic in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between September 2002 and July 2003, including 19 cases with hemificiospasm, 5 Meige syndrome and 2 torticollis spasmodicus.INTERVENTIONS: F- and M-waves of ulnar and tibial nerves were recorded before 1, 12 - 24 weeks after local injection of BoTX-A in 26 patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following parameters were analyzed:latency(ML) and amplitude (Mamp) of M-wave, minimal (Fmin) and average latency (Fave), amplitude of negative peak(Famp), duration (Fdur), persistence (Fpcr) and chronodispersion (Fchr) of F-wave.RESULTS: No definite F-response of ulnar nerve stimulation was obtained 1 week after injection in 3 HFS patients (5 nerves) . Fave prolonged significantly on ulnar and tibal nerve and Fdur increased significantly on ulnar nerve 1 week after injection, but there was no significant difference 12 - 24 weeks later, compared with before injection. No significant correlation of the altered F-wave parameters was found with the dosage of BoTX-A.CONCLUSION: Fdur and Fave could sensitively assess the remote effect,which correlates with distance away from the injected muscle, rather than the dosage of BoTX-A.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of the renal secondary tumor.Methods From January 2000 to January 2014,the data from 31 patients,including 23 male patients and 8 female patients,with renal secondary tumors were analyzed retrospectively.Their mean age was 56 years old (ranging from 38 to 75 years old).The 31 renal secondary tumors rooted in lung cancer(n =14),lymphoma(n =5),colorectal cancer and gastric cancer(n =3),breast cancer(n =2),esophageal cancer(n =1),thyroid cancer (n =1),cervical cancer (n =1) and bladder cancer (n =1),respectively.There were 22 patients (71.0％) of renal metastasis accompany with other organs or lymph node metastasis.9 cases (29％) suffered with independent renal metastasis and 21 cases (67.7％) suffered with unilateral renal metastasis.5 cases(16.1％) were diagnosed as primary tumor with the renal metastasis at the same time,and the remaining 26 cases were found renal metastasis within 9 to 72 months after primary tumor (mean 30 months).There were only 5 patients (16.1％) with symptom.Ultrasound showed low echo range in 20 cases (65.6％) or uneven echo in 11 cases (34.4％).CT showed equal density (77.4％) in 24 cases or slightly low density shadow (22.6％) in 7 cases,most of which were endogenous,mild enhancement.10 cases (32.3％) were bilateral renal metastasis,unilateral renal multiple metastases was found in 6 cases (19.4％),and single metastasis was noticed in 15 cases (48.4％).The average diameter of the renal metastasis was 2.7 cm (ranging from 0.9 to 6.8 cm).Except 4 cases gave up the treatment,the remaining 27 cases were accepted comprehensive therapy about the primary tumor.the 9 patients with renal metastasis only were treated with chemotherapy or targeted therapy for the advanced primary tumor.Among the 9 patients,6 cases were undergone NSS or radical nephrectomy (RN) treatment.Results In 9 cases with only renal metastasis,6 cases,treated by surgery,recovered well.Postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical results confirmed the renal metastasis.Up to January 2015,the follow-up duration ranged from 2 months to 60 months [mean (22.6 ± 18.4) months].The survival time ranged from 1 month to 51 months [mean (13.2 ± 13.2) months].Among 22 cases with multiple metastasis,4 cases gave up treatment,whose average survival time was (2.0 ± 1.4) months.However,the average survival time in remaining 18 cases was (11.1 ± 4.7) months (P ＜ 0.05).In 9 cases with independent renal metastasis,the average survival time in 6 cases,accepted the procedure,was (26.2 ± 18.6) months.While,the average survival time in remaining 3 non-surgical cases,was (10.3 ± 4.0) months (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Renal secondary tumor was rare in clinic.Most cases have isolated lesion.Renal secondary tumor was advanced manifestation of the primary tumor,which could prolong the survival time according to the comprehensive treatment for the primary tumor.Surgical resection of the lesion before the comprehensive treatment could be chosen in the independent renal metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the remote effect of local injection of botulinum toxin by use of the F-wave measures. Methods The F-wave responses as well as M-waves were recorded before injection, and at 1 week,12 to 24 weeks after local injection of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) in 26 patients, including 19 with hemi-facial spasm (HFS),5 Meige syndrome and 2 torticollis spasmodicus (TS).The following parameters were analyzed: M-wave latency (ML) and amplitude (Mamp), F-wave minimal latency(Fmin) and average latency(Fave),amplitude (Famp), duration (Fdur), persistence (Fper) and chronodispersion (Fchr). The above parameters were obtained through the electric stimulation of ulnar and tibial nerves, and recorded from the abductor digiti minimi and extensor digitorum brevis, respectively. Results No definite F-wave was obtained by electric stimulation of ulnar nerve at 1 week after injection in 3 HFS patients (5 nerves). The Fave recorded from electric stimulation of ulnar and tibial nerves prolonged significantlyand Fdur from ulnar nerve increased significantly at 1 week after injection, but were not significantly different from those of pre-injection when recorded at 12 to 24 weeks after injection. No significant correlation of the altered F-wave parameters was found with the dosage of BTX-A. Conclusion Fdur and Fave could sensitively assess the remote effect of the local injection of BTX-A, the remote effect might be correlated with the distance between injected muscle and tested muscle, rather than the dosage of BTX-A.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of clofenotane (DDT) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the relevant molecular mechanism in human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Human colorectal cancer cells DLD1 were treated with DDT 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol·L-1 for 48 h. Then, the morphology of DLD1 cells was observed. mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail1 were detected by real-time PCR. Protein expression of STAT3 signaling pathway of proteins STAT3 and p-STAT3 was detected by Western blotting. STAT3 inhibitor WP1006 (5μmol · L-1) was added to determine its impact on DDT-induced alternation of STAT3/Snail1 signaling and EMT-related molecules. Protein expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 was detected by Western blotting and mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail1 were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS DLD1 cell morphology was changed after exposure to DDT 0.01-100.0 nmol · L- 1. Meanwhile, real-time PCR showed that the mRNA level of E-cadherin was significantly decreased compared with normal cell control (P<0.01), which was 42.4±2.8%of that in the normal control group. The mRNA levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail1 were significantly increased (P<0.01), which were 1.91±0.1, 1.5±0.2 and 1.5±0.1 times that of the normal control group. DDT 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 nmol · L-1 exposure induced up-regulation of STAT3 and p-STAT3 protein levels (P<0.01), which were 2.1 and 1.8 times that of the normal control group. The addition of STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 (5 μmol · L-1) prevented STAT3 from phosphorylation as well as the up-regulation of Snail1(P<0.01), which was (56.3 ± 0.9)% that of the DDT 1.0 nmol · L-1 treat?ment group. Compared with DDT treatment alone, the mRNA levels of EMT-related molecules were remarkably reversed by WP1066 (5 μmol · L- 1) co-treatment, increasing E-cadherin but decreasing N-cadherin and vimentin in DLD1 cells(P<0.01), which were 50.2±2.9%and 61.6±6.1%of those in the DDT 1.0 nmol · L- 1 treatment group, respectively. CONCLUSION DDT alters the expressions of EMT-related molecules including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin via STAT3/Snail1 signaling, thus promoting the EMT process in human colorectal cancer cells. This progress may be closely related to DDT-induced colorectal cancer development.