Objective To explore the training demand among clinical medical postgraduate students.Methods Focus Group Discussions and a research interview,two of the qualitative study methods were applied among medical students of a hospital.Results Different clinical medical postgraduate students need different levels training.The demand status related to the students' training styles.Students had desire to receive kinds of help of hospital administrative authority.Conclusion Training guide is importance during the growth of clinical medical postgraduate students.Hospital administrative authority should afford manifold ways to satisfy the demand of students for their training.

Objective To study the influence of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) implantation on ventricular remodeling and heart function after myocardial infarcion. Methods Bone marrow was aspirated from Gui-zhou Xiang swines.After being isolated,cultured and co-cultured with 5-azacytidine,either autologous MSCs(experiment group) or a comparable volume of physiologic saline(control group) were injected into the infarcted myocardium.Three and six weeks later,echocardiographic measurement was performed to assess the myocardial structure and heart function,and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was employed for myocardial imaging.Implanted stem cells were detected by the anti-Brdv antibody DAB with HE staining. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction(EF),fractional shortening and wall thickening were higher in experiment group than control group.The thickness of the ventricular wall and septum was found increased while the left ventricular chamber size was smaller in experiment group.It was indicated by SPECT that three and six weeks after implantation,there was obvious image defect in control group while in experiment group there were some imaging areas in the infarcted area.Brdv-labelled cells were observed in the central part of and around the infarcted area.Conclusion Implantation of MSCs into the infarcted myocardium is believed to attenuate the remodeling process,inhibit the extent of wall thinning and dilatation of the ventricular chamber.MSCs implantation may also improve the contractile ability of the myocardium and heart function.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application value of morphology assessment of sperm from fresh semen in routine in vitro fertilization (IVF).

METHODSWe analyzed the morphology of the sperm from fresh or optimized semen samples and, based on the sperm morphology of the raw semen, allocated 908 IVF cycles due to the pure tubal factor to different groups: morphologically normal sperm (MNS) ≤ 4%, > 4% - ≤ 15%, and > 15% in Trial 1 and MNS ≤ 1%, > 1% - ≤ 2%, > 2% - ≤ 3%, and > 3%-- ≤ 4% in Trial 2. We compared the rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, -blastocyst formation, and pregnancy among different groups.

RESULTSThe total fertilization rate was significantly lower in the MNS ≤ 4% than in the MNS > 4% - ≤ 15% and >15% groups (74.40% vs 78.61% and 80.03%, P < 0.01). Compared with the MNS ≤ 1%, > 1% - ≤ 2%, and > 2% - ≤ 3% groups, the MNS > 3% - ≤ 4% group showed remarkably increased rates of 2PN normal fertilization (77.23%, 78.97% and 78.99% vs 85.47%, P < 0.01), cleavage (95.71%, 96.01% and 97.27% vs 98.73%, P < 0.05), and blastocyst formation (53.85%, 49.01% and 49.55% vs 63.41%, P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of clinical pregnancy, implantation, early abortion, live birth, or malformation at birth among different groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMNS ≤ 4% affected the total rate of fertilization while MNS ≤ 3% reduced the rate of normal fertilization in IVF. However, even MNS ≤ 1% did not result in fertilization disorder or failure. Therefore, teratozoospermia alone was not an indicator of ICSI and sperm mor- phology assessment had no obvious value for predicting the rates of embryo quality, clinical pregnancy, and live birth in IVF.

Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

Objective To evaluate the effect of increasing sunshine time or 1, 25(OH)₂D₃ supplement on improving Vitamin D blood level and reduction of microalbuminuria in early stage diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. Methods A total of 150 early stage type 2 DN patients with serum 25(OH)D₃ lower than 15 mg/L were included.The patients were divided into sunshine group (n=50), 1, 25(OH)₂D₃ supplement group (n=50), and control group (n=50).After three-month treatment, serum 25(OH)D₃ level and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(ACR)were compared among these three groups. Results Before treatment, there were no differences in serum 25(OH)D₃, ACR, HbA1c among the three groups.After three-month treatment, serum 25(OH)D₃ level was significantly improved in sunshine group, and ACR was reduced significantly in both sunshine group and 1, 25(OH)₂D₃ group. Conclusion Increasing sunshine time can improve Vitamin D level and reduce microalbuminuria in early stage diabetic nephropathy patients.

OBJECTIVETo construct tree models for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)and explore the oncogenesis process of NPC.

METHODSBased on the software which Desper et al developed, tree models were constructed for colorectal carcinoma (CC) from the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) data of 118 CC patients and for NPC from the CGH data of 140 southern Chinese patients, respectively.

RESULTSTree models for CC suggested that changes in -18q and +20q were important early events in colorectal carcinogenesis. As changes in -18q occurred prior to those in -17p, there might be some cause-effect relationship. Tree models for NPC suggested that change in -3p was an important early event in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, and those in -11q, -14q, -16q, -9p were also non-random genetic events in carcinogenesis, suggesting that there might be tumor-associated genes existing on these chromosome arms. The tree model also suggested the existence of oncogene on the short arm of chromosome 12.

CONCLUSIONConstructing tree models based on the CGH data to demonstrate the initiation and progression of NPC might help elucidate its multigene, multistep and multipathway development. It may provide valuable clues to explore the mechanism of tumorigenesis.

Chromosome Aberrations ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the expression levels of IL-37 in serum in chronic HBV(CHB)patients,and investigate their clinical significance in CHB patients.Methods The expression levels of IL-37 in serum from 35 CHB patients and 35 health-y controls were quantified by ELISA.This study also tested ALT,AST,HBsAg,HBeAg,HBV DNA,TNF-αand IL-10 in the serum of CHB patients,and also analyzed the relationship between the levels of IL-37 and ALT,AST,HBsAg,HBeAg, HBV DNA,TNF-α,IL-10 levels.Results The expression levels of IL-37 was increased in CHB patients 437.5±152.7 pg/ml compared to healthy donors(63.0±2.1 pg/ml).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=2.45,P=0.017).The levels of IL-37 was found to correlate with ALT(r=0.406,P=0.019)and IL-10(r=0.433,P=0.035)but not AST,HBsAg,HBeAg,HBV DNA and TNF-α.Conclusion This study reveals the levels of IL-37 in CHB patients was higher than healthy controls,and IL-37 may play an important role in liver damage and HBV chronic infection.

Objective：The fifth edition of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging manual defines new rules for classifying nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the manual to predict the prognosis for Chinese patient populations. Methods：From August 1992 to December 1993, a total of 621 consecutively admitted patients with nondisseminated NPC were treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy alone. A computer database containing all information for staging was formed on presentation. The extent of disease of each patient was restaged according to the 1997 UICC system. Results：The 1997 UICC system creates subgroups (Stages Ⅰ -Ⅳ ) that are assigned to 38 (6.1％ ), 270 (43.5％ ), 156 (25.1％ ), and 157 (25.3％ ) patients, respectively. The incidence of parapharyngeal extension was 74.1％ (460/621). Of these patients (460) with parapharyngeal extension, 310 (67.4％ ) patients were classified as T2 disease, The 5-year Overall survival(OS) rates were 89％ , 70％ , 53％ , and 37％ for Stages Ⅰ -Ⅳ , respectively. The 1997 UICC system showed highly significant differences between the overall stages for both OS and relapse-free survival(RFS). The 1997 UICC T-classifications showed significant correlation with local failure, and N classification was accurate in predicting freedom from distant metastasis(FDM). Conclusion：The 1997 UICC staging system for NPC is prognostically useful for Chinese patient populations. However, an uneven patient number distribution was noted. Subdivision of parapharyngeal extension should be included in future revisions of the staging system.

OBJECTIVETo explore the strategy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with YMDD mutation.

METHODSA total of 120 chronic hepatitis B patients with YMDD mutation were randomly assigned into four groups. In group A, patients received adefovir dipivoxil for 48 weeks. In group B, patients received adefovir dipivoxil in combination with lamivudine during the first 12 weeks and adefovir dipivoxil only for the following 36 weeks. In group C, patients received adefovir dipivoxil in combination with lamivudine for 48 weeks. In group D, patients received entecavir for 48 weeks.

RESULTSThe rate of rebound of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 30.0% (9/30), 10.0% (3/30), 6.7% (2/30), 10.0% (3/30) (P < 0.05) during the first 12 weeks, and one patient with severe hepatitis was found in group A. The positive rate of YMDD mutation was 17.9%, 0, 0, 0 at week 12. There was no significant difference in the level of ALT and the rate of HBeAg seroconversion after 48-week treatment (P > 0.05). At week 48, there was significant difference in the ALT normalization rate and undetectable HBV DNA rate between group C and group A, and also between group D and group A, and the rate of drug resistant genotype was 6.9%, 6.7%, 0, 0. Two patients had rtN236T mutation in group A, and one patient had rtN236T mutation and another one had rtA181V mutation in group B.

CONCLUSIONAdefovir dipivoxil in combination with lamivudine or entecavir are safe and effective therapies for chronic hepatitis B patients with YMDD mutation.

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Guanine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo develop toxin targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II (VEGF-II/KDR) fused with a KDR-binling peptide screened from peptide library.

METHODSBy affinity to KDR molecular which expressed specifically by new born vascular endothelial cell, peptides to KDR were screened from C7 peptide library by phage display. Among them, a peptide binding to KDR with high affinity termed as P5 was selected and fused to the N-terminal of Shiga toxin subunit A (StxA). The protein (P5-StxA) was expressed in E. coli.

RESULTSELISA and Western blot were applied to characterize the binding interaction between the fusion protein, P5-StxA and KDR. Cytotoxicity assay showed that P5-StxA maintained similar toxicity to cell as StxA. In the model of angiogenesis, P5-StxA inhibited selectively VEGF-induced growth of preexisting vessels of the chick chorioallantoic membrane.

CONCLUSIONThese studies demonstrate the small peptide, P5, maybe be used as carrier of toxin targeting to KDR.

Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Peptide Library ; Protein Subunits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; metabolism ; Shiga Toxin ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism