Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Emphysema ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; prevention & control ; Infant ; Primary Prevention

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

Child ; Cough ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; therapy

Adult ; Child ; Diet ; Female ; Fetus ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; embryology ; immunology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; immunology ; Risk Factors

Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Bronchitis ; drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Synergism ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glucocorticoids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Respiratory Sounds ; drug effects ; Terbutaline ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Transdermal Patch

Objective To explore the possible role of PGE 1 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis formation. Methods Rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) was established.In situ hybridation(ISH) technique, morphological observation and biochemical analysis were applied to determine TGF? 1 mRNA expression, changes of tubulointerstitium and rencortical hydroxyproline content after used PGE 1. Results 3 days after UUO,the rats renal interstitial edema, a number of mononuclear cells recruitment. On day 14,tubule atrophy, interstitial proliferative fibrosis and area enlarged,hydroxyproline content,TGF? 1 mRNA expression increased, the peak value of the latter occurred early than that of hydroxyproline peak value and interstitial area enlargement.PGE 1 could down -regulate these changes.Conclusions The antagenistic effect of PGE 1 on renal interstitial fibrosis may be partly associated with down-regulating overexpression of TGF? 1 mRNA and inhibiting mononuclear cells recruitment.

Objective To explore change and significance of serum and urinary transforming growth factor-? 1(TGF-? 1)in the patients with primary chronic glomerulonephropathy (PCG). Methods 65 patients with PCG were divided into four groups according to the degree of renal function damage: normal renal function,renal compensatory,renal decompensatory and renal function failure groups. Levels of serum and urinary TGF-? 1 were determined with ELISA, and the levels of urinary protein and renal function were examined as well. Results Levels of serum and urinary TGF-? 1 in patients with PCG were singificantly higher than those in control, and the levels of serum and urinary TGF-? 1 among four groups were significantly different. The TGF-? 1 level of urinary was associated with the degree of renal function damage(r=0 28,P