OBJECTIVE:To discuss the training model for clinical pharmacists.METHODS:My perspective on clinical pharmacists' basic position and responsibility as well as the training method for them were presented based on my experience in guiding clinical pharmacists' participating in clinical practice as well as the guiding principle in the training of clinical pharmacists.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It is quite necessary to establish a pharmacists' training mode that is closely related to clinical practice to make the pharmacists become one of the most important parts in the medical team involving in multiple disciplines.

Objective To study and establish the regression equation applied to estimate the main general skull index with the frontal bone index.Methods Totally 135 adult male mandibles were used for 38 items of measurements with the physical anthropology measuring method.The data were analyzed by regression analysis with statistical software(SPSS 17.0).The pairs of bad correlation(r<0.4) were eliminated.Results Totally 147 one-factor linear regression equations were set up,among which the P values were lower than 0.001.ConclusionThe regression equations may be used to estimate the main general skull index with frontal bone index and provide the evidences for the recovery of the skull.There will be significance to the anthropology,anthropology and forensic anthropology.

In this study, we used the anoxic cultured cardiomyocytes with the deprivation of glucose as a “ischemic” model. It was found that silybin could decrease the LDH release from ischemic cardiomyocytes, and act partly against the effect of isoproterenol on anoxic myocytes, i. e., reduce the cardiomyocyte injury by isoproterenol when used along with the isoprotercnol. The result shows that silybin may be a useful drug for the protection of ischemic cardiomyocytes.

Objective:To explore the relationship between ribosomal protein L6 and MDR of(K562/A02) cell by cloning of RPL6-encoding gene and constructing of sense and antisense eukaryotic expression vectors. Methods: RPL6 cDNA was obtained from its mRNA and amplified by RT-PCR.Results:The cDNA encoding RPL6 from K562/A02 cell was successfully amplified and PCR product was sequenced and identified to be consistent with RPL6 cDNA reported in GenBank.Recombination plasmids containing both sense and antisense RPL6 cDNA were identified by gel electrophoresis analysis(using) restriction endonuclease. Conclusion: RPL6-encoding gene has been successfully cloned and sense and antisense eukaryotic expression vectors constructed.

Objective:To study the gene expression and aberrant methylation of FBN2 on lung cancer cell lines.Methods:Three lung cancer cell lines HCC366,H1299 and H2195 were cultured.mRNA was analysed by RT-PCR and methylation status was also investigated by methylation specific PCR.The loss of FBN2 expression cell lines were treated with the demethylating agent,5-aza-2'-deoxycytid-ine(5-aza-cdR).Results:The expression of FBN2 was detected in NHBEC and H2195,whereas it was not detected in HCC366 and H1299 which showed aberrant methylation of FBN2.FBN2 expression was restored after treatment with 5-aza-cdR.Conclusion:Methylation and silencing of FBN2 in tumor cells may play an important role in carcinogenesis of lung cancer.

There are approximately 85 ％ of malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells,and a therapeutic method of epithelial cells has become the focus of cancer treatment.Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 as important components of the tight junction structure are abundantly expressed in malignant tumors,and the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) as Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 specific binding ligand has important significances in the treatment of tumors.However,because of the large intestinal toxicity,clinical application of CPE has been limited greatly.Carboxyl peptide fragment of CPE (C-CPE) is a specific binding domain of CPE,which has specificity without intestinal toxicity.This review will present some advances of C-CPE in cancer therapy.

Objective:To study the effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine on eosinophil apoptosis,protein expression of Fas and bcl-2 in lung tissues of asthmatic guinea pig.Methods:30 guinea pigs were randomly divided into NS,asthma and Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine group.A guinea pig model of asthma was estbalished with OVA(ovalbumin).Each guinea pig of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine group was injected intramuscularly with 22.5?g of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine 10 days before OVA immunization.After the last challenge,TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)technique was used to determine the apoptosis of eosinophils and immunohistochemistry method was used to determine protein expression of Fas and bcl-2 in lung tissue sections.Results:Guinea pigs of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine group had a higher AI(apoptosis index) of eosinophils in lung tissues[(23.8?5.4)%]than that of asthma group[(4.6?0.7)%,P

Humans ; Inlays

Positive psychology focuses on enhancing individual positive emotion and promoting the development of individual positive personality.Introducing positive psychology into the first stage of internal medical resident standardized training will improve the resident ability to solve clinical problems.It's helpful for resident doctors to improve their clinical thinking ability,doctor education innovation ability and lifelong self-education ability.It inspires their creative thinking by motivating their positive emotions It would help them to avoid occupational tiredness.Using the idea of positive psychology could improve the comprehensive quality of residents.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for peri-procedural myocardial infarction (PMI) in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to study the impact of CYP2C19 genotypes on PMI. Methods: A total of 283 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients received elective PCI were enrolled, the patients were with normal level of cTnI prior PCI, without adverse reaction post PCI and cTnI levels were re-examined at 24 hours after PCI. The patients were divided into 2 groups: PMI group,n=83 and Non-PMI group,n=200. CYP2C19 genotypes were detected by DNA microarray chip method and based on its result, the patients were classiifed into 3 genotypes: Extensive metabolism type, Intermediate metabolism type and Poor metabolism type. The patients with ADP inhibition rate ≤ 20% was deifned as heightened platelet reactivity (HPR) which was measured by thrombelastograph. Baseline clinical condition was compared between 2 groups and the impact of CYP2C19 genotypes with other risk factors for PMI occurrence were studied. Results: The occurrence rate of PMI was 29.3% (83/283); the age, gender, BMI, smoking, blood levels of TG, LDL-C and uric acid, history of hypertension and diabetes were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Compared with Non-PMI group, PMI group had more implanted stents (2.1 ± 0.9) vs (1.5 ± 0.6) and longer total length of stents 56 (36-71) mm vs 33 (23-51) mm, bothP<0.05; lower ADP inhibition rate (36.0 ± 29.8) % vs (43.9 ± 26.4) %,P=0.02 and higher HPR occurrence rate 39.8% vs 22.0%,P=0.01. The ratios of CYP2C19 genotypes of Extensive metabolism, Intermediate metabolism and Poor metabolism were 37.5%, 45.2% and 17.3% respectively, while PMI patients in each genotype were 21.7%, 29.7% and 44.9% respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that HPR (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.19-4.01,P=0.02), total length of stents (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06,P=0.007) and CYP2C19 Poor metabolism genotype (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.24-6.28,P=0.01) were the risk factors for PMI occurrence. Conclusion: HPR, total length of stents and CYP2C19 poor metabolism genotype were the risk factors of PMI occurrence, while poor metabolism genotype might be the most important endogenous reason for PMI occurrence.