Immunizations are among the most cost-effective and widely used public health interventions. This is a report on the revision of recommendations for immunization in children by the Korean Pediatric Society. The new classification system of immunization and the new definition of each category of immunization were introduced. Immunization and vaccines were divided into 4 groups: 1) vaccines that should be given to all infants and children (BCG, hepatitis B vaccine, DTaP, Td, polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, MMR, varicella vaccine, influenza vaccine [6~23 months of age], and H. influenzae type b vaccine), 2) those recommended to all infants and children, but the decision of administration can be made by parents (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, influenza vaccine [healthy children > or = 24 months of age], rotavirus vaccine, and human papilloma virus vaccine), 3) those that should be given to high risk group (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [high-risk patients > or = 24 months of age], influenza vaccine [high-risk patients > or = 24 months of age], and typhoid vaccine), and 4) those administered for the control of outbreaks or prevention of emerging infectious diseases (all the vaccines that are administered to infants and children can also be administered for the control of outbreaks or prevention of emerging infectious diseases). The immunization schedule recommended by the Korean Pediatric Society is presented. The new edition of the Korean guidelines for immunization in children including detailed descriptions of each vaccine will be published by the end of 2008.
Chickenpox Vaccine ; Child ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Papilloma ; Parents ; Poliomyelitis ; Public Health ; Rotavirus ; Typhoid Fever ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

<b>INTRODUCTIONb>Children in Singapore receive vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) at 0, 1 and 5 or 6 months of age, and vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio at 3, 4 and 5 months of age. Parents often choose to vaccinate with the combined acellular-pertussis-inactivated polio-Hib vaccine (DTPa-IPV/Hib). We investigated whether a combined hexavalent vaccine, DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, could replace the separate administration of DTPa-IPV/Hib and HBV for the final vaccination at 5 months of age (Trial DTPa-HBV-IPV-075).

<b>MATERIALS AND METHODSb>In an open study, 150 children were randomised to complete their vaccination schedule with DTPa-IPV/Hib + HBV or DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib.

<b>RESULTSb>One month after the final vaccination, there was no difference between groups in seroprotection rates or antibody concentrations against HBV. Seroprotection rates against diphtheria, tetanus, Hib and polio, as well as vaccine response rates to pertussis antigens were also similar between groups. Local and general symptoms occurred at a similar rate after the third dose of either vaccine.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the hexavalent vaccine DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib (Infanrix hexa, GSK) group is comparable to that of separately administered DTPa-IPV/Hib and HBV vaccines. Combined hexavalent vaccine, DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, could replace the separate administration of DTPa-IPV/Hib and HBV for vaccination at 5 months of age, thereby reducing the number of injections required.

Diphtheria ; immunology ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Female ; Haemophilus Vaccines ; Haemophilus influenzae ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; Singapore ; Tetanus ; immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Combined ; administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Inactivated

BACKGROUND: Adult vaccination is necessary in the prevention of many of the most common infectious diseases because immunity from infant vaccination typically wanes in adulthood In the female population the obstetrician gynecologist is placed at the forefront of health promotion and disease prevention In 2011 the Philippine Obstetrics and Gynecology Society POGS released a Clinical Practice Guideline on Immunization for Filipino Women but no study has been done to determine its impact
OBJECTIVE: This study determined the awareness and practices of OB GYN specialists on adult vaccination and their perceived hindrances to routine administration of the recommended vaccines METHODS: A self administered questionnaire was given to the POGS fellows through email phone and personal visits
RESULTS: Almost all of the respondents 95 were aware of Clinical Practice Guideline on Immunization but only 4 of the OB GYNs routinely administered all the vaccines The most common vaccinne administered was Human Papilloma Virus HPV vaccine 42 7 followed by Influenza virus vaccine 28 1 and Hepatitis B vaccine 27 3 There is no significant relationship between age of the respondent the number of years in practice place of practice affiliation with a teaching hospital or subspeciality training and vaccine recommendation and administration There is a significant positive relationship between awareness of the guidelines and the frequency of recommending the Tetanus Diphtheria Pertussis Tdap vaccine and the Influenza vaccine Similarly awareness of the guidelines was related to increased frequency of administering the Human Papilloma Virus HPV vaccine and the Influenza vaccine
CONCLUSION: Hence adult vaccination coverage may be promoted by increasing the awareness of the obstetrician gynecologists of the POGS Clinical Practice Guidelines on Immunization Although cost remains to be an issue identified by 93 of the respondents increasing awareness among OB GYNs on the importance of adult vaccination through the CPG on Immunization and or through attendance of the Vaccinology 101 Course through vaccinology courses may ultimately help decrease the incidence of some of the most coomon infectious diseases affecting the Filipino women and their children.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccine ; Influenza Vaccines ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Tetanus ; Diphtheria ; Vaccination ; Immunization ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Papillomaviridae

BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood cancers are recommended to receive revaccinations after chemotherapy, although the universally recommended vaccination schedule for such children has not been established. We evaluated immune response following post-chemotherapy vaccinations in childhood cancer survivors.METHODS: The study included 59 patients who survived at least 5 years after completion of chemotherapy without evidence of recurrence. The patients received hepatitis-B virus (HBV) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines 1 year after finishing chemotherapy according to our institutional protocol. Immune response to HBV and MMR vaccines was measured and seropositivity and factors hindering immune response to HBV and MMR vaccines were analyzed.RESULTS: The seropositivity for HBV was 88%; with a higher rate in patients with non-hematologic malignancies (100%, 18/18) than those with hematologic malignancies (78.3%, 18/23) (P=0.05) and reciprocally associated with the duration of chemotherapy (P=0.0043). The seropositivity for MMR viruses was 61%, 37% and 83% respectively, showing significantly lower response to mumps and was not different between hematologic malignancy group and non-hematologic malignancy group. Unlike HBV, the duration of chemotherapy did not affect seropositivity for MMR viruses. Ten children who failed to be immune to any of the MMR viruses received booster vaccination which resulted in seropositivity of 60% (3/5), 56% (4/9), 100% (2/2) respectively.CONCLUSION: Longer duration of chemotherapy and underlying hematologic malignancies were adversely associated with achieving immune response to HBV vaccine, but not to MMR vaccine. Our results also underline the need for booster vaccinations in non-responders to vaccinations post-chemotherapy.
Appointments and Schedules ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Measles ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Mumps ; Recurrence ; Rubella ; Survivors ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

The rates of anti HBs positive in 9-18 months infants given HB vaccine within EPI according to the 3 different immunization strategies in Quang Xuong and Ngoc Lac (Thanh Hoa) were 81.97%; 79.1% with GMT 99.57mIU/ml; 152.37 mIU/ml, respectively. The effectiveness of eliciting anti HBs, the protection perinatal transmission and the heat-stability of the HB vaccine (NIHE) have been proved. The 'ideal' strategy with the first dose given to newborn at home by visiting of health workers in the delta and some mountain areas in Viet Nam
hepatitis B vaccine ; Immune System

Vaccination is defined as the introduction of vaccine into the body for the purpose of inducing immunity. Vaccine contain many antigens, e.g., active antigen in DTP, tissue culture fluid in the suspension of vaccine, aluminum complexes in MMR, preservatives, anti-infectives, and antibiotics which induce many allergic reactions. B.C.G vaccine induce specific and nonspecific dermatological complications on inoculation site or out of vaccination. DPT or TT vaccine induce infection site granuloma due to aluminum on inoculation site, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, and livedoid skin necrosis. Hepatitis B vaccine can induce many dermatological complications, e.g., urticaria and angioedema, erythema nodosum, systemic lupus erythematosus, lichen planus and thrombocytopenic purpura. Gianoti-Crosti syndrome is caused by MMR vaccine and influenza vaccine. Sweet's syndrome and acute exanthematous pustular dermatitis are developed after pnuemococcal vaccintation. Herpes zoster can be developed after chicken pox vaccination. Erythema and edema can be developed after injection of botulinum toxin. Benign and malignant tumor can be induced by various vaccination, too.
Aluminum ; Angioedema ; Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Botulinum Toxins ; Chickenpox ; Dermatitis ; Edema ; Erythema ; Erythema Nodosum ; Granuloma ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Herpes Zoster ; Hypersensitivity ; Influenza Vaccines ; Lichen Planus ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Necrosis ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Skin ; Sweet Syndrome ; Urticaria ; Vaccination*

28 lots of HB vaccine, produced from 1997 to 1999, have been tested for sterility, safety, potency and pyrogenicity. All of the 28 lots meet the WHO's requirements for human plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine
Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Vaccines

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans

Antibody efficacy was investigated on 98 children after hepatitis B vaccination at time of 30 months after the first dose in HuÕ City. It was found that only 30.6% of children who were vaccinated in 1998 have antibody response at protectable level. 100% of those have low-level antibody response. Cause of poor antibody response can be the duration between the first and the third doses is short. 100% of children were injected vaccine at the delta muscle, instead of the lateral-anterior thigh.
Hepatitis B Vaccines ; child

110 seaman in Hai Phong were infected Engerise B vaccine Good immune response through antibody responsivity effect was reached. For the first injectiong, the responsivity in 72,73% of cases, GMT altained to 135,5 mIU/ml; for the 2nd and the 3 rd injections, the respective values were 81,82%, 94,55% and 327,2 mIU/ml, 680,5 mIU/ml, with p>0,05 and p< 0,001. Topic and systemic side effect rates were very low.
Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines ; Male