Provide some remarks and results of associations between development and health protection in Vietnam. With the emerging of chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, HIV/AIDS...), we have to organize a broadly health-care network, with treatment and prevention agencies. Training and educations for health workers should be directed toward commune health-care needs, combination of modern medicine and traditional medicine. Some achievements: almost people know how to read and write, average life expectancy was 67.8 years old, mortality rate of children under 1 year old was 36.7/1,000 person in the year 1999, 97% of people were protected by National Expand Immunization Program in the year 2000, natural population growth rate decreased from nearly 4% in the year 1975 to 1.4% in the year 2000. We have good and effective co-operation with many countries in the training and technical transfer to control disasters and epidemics
Health ; Chronic Disease

The statistics from 1996 workers who directly working in 3 Textile - Garment Companies in Ho Chi Minh city (Phong Phu Textile Company, Southeast Company, Thanh Cong Textile - Garment Company). Results: the rate of male workers was higher of Textile branch. Almost workers’ health was classified as II & II (70.44%) types, male workers with health type I was more than female workers. The percentage of dental disease was highest (26.79%), then otorhinolaryngologic diseases (25.77%), gynecological disease (12.2%), eye disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dermatosis etc… Bronchial - respiratory diseases accounted for only 0.72% but the most common was professional disease.
Health Status ; Disease ; Vietnam

A total of 446 elderly employees admitted to Dai Lai Sanatorium were medically examined at Huu Nghi Hospital in 2004-2005. The results showed that the rates of health status classification were 3.79% at degree B1, 40.31% at degree B2, 55.01 % at degree C, and 0.89% at degree D. Four highest diseases were at cardiovascular (54.04%), genitourinary (43.50%), digestive (36.32%) and musculoskeletal system (22.20%). The rates of endocrinological metabolic disorders and musculos-keletal diseases among obesity people with BMI > 25 were higher than that of the others with p<0.05 and p< 0.02, respectively.
Health ; Disease ; Aged

The study on workplace environmental conditions and health status of male workers at Thai Nguyen Coalluary Factory indicated that the working conditions were hard and hazard to workers' health. The workers had to sufferred from high temperature and other hazard factors that were above allowed standards, such as noise, toxic gas (CO, CO2, SO2, NO2...), especially coal dust, iron, silica dusts etc. Most workers' health was at level II and III with high rate of diseases such as cardiovascular and occupational diseases. Some measures have been suggested to protect workers' health.
Environment ; Health ; Disease

Study was performed in 6 district with Khmer students consisting of 10.596 girls and boys of primary to upper secondary levels from the years 1998 – 2000. Khmer student have lower physical development indicators compared to Kinh student of the same age. With a living enviroment in Kien Giang that has not been improved very much, the intellectual and economic development of Khmers is not yet very high. Therefore in certain diseases especially gastrointestinal, respiratory diseases, trachoma… the incidence is higher in Khmer than in Kinh pupils. The incidences is higher in Khmer than in Kinh pupils. The incidence of chronic diseases among Khmer pupils is also higher than Kinh pupils.
health, disease ; students

Background: Premature menopause is a frequently overlooked condition with significant morbidity without timely intervention. Objective: This descriptive study explored the perceptions, concerns, and health-seeking behavior of two women diagnosed with premature menopause, regarding their illness. Methods: Authors interviewed two nulligravid patients less than 30 years old diagnosed with premature menopause. Verbal consent was sought prior to the interview. An interview guide adapted from the Explanatory Model (Kleinman) to probe each patient's perceptions, concerns and health-seeking behaviour regarding PM was used. Data validation was immediately sought after the interview with each patient before analysis. Thematic analysis was used to explore the patients' perceptions (physical, psychological, and social effects of PM) and health-seeking behavior that resulted from these effects. Results: Results showed that vasomotor symptoms, infertility, and treatment costs are important issues for these patients to help them undertsand their illness. The neglected role of physicians in fully disclosing the effects of the disease is highlighted in one patient that hindered her from making informed choices for treatment. The behavioural responses of these patients were influenced by the following factors: ability to make informed decisions over disease management, degree of disruption of activities of daily living, infertility, amount of social and financial support. Conclusion Looking at the underlying motivations of women diagnosed with premature menopause about their illness may help physicians better understand patients' circumstances, how it affects them and their families, and their expected recovery process.
Health Behavior ; Iatrogenic Disease

Study on 764 households with 3000 participants at Tam Hung and Tan Uoc communes, Thanh Oai district, Ha Tay province. The common disease patterns at these communes lasted for 4 weeks included cough and fever (2.5%), simple fever (2.0%), rheumatic arthritis (2.7%), influenza (1.4%), stomachache (1.2%), neural pains (1.2%), ENT (0.8%), asthma (0.8%), bronchitis (0.7%), diarrhea (0.7%), hypertension (0.4%), etc. 61.5% patients didn’t treat or bought drugs for treatment themselves, only 24.2% of patients used health services at commune health stations. The main reasons of not use health services at commune health stations were mild diseases (51.7%) and not enough time (12.4%). The main reasons for using health services at commune health stations were having medical doctors (60.9%) and available drugs (21.9%).
Delivery of Health Care ; Disease ; Health Facilities

The goal is to improve the national health level in our country. To achieve this how to manage the chronic diseases cost-effectively is very important. Population-based comprehensive Chronic Care Model approach should be arranged in the national health insurance framework. It is necessary that private health promotion services are launched in the market, but we should focus on which way of delivering preventive services can benefit in the future.
Chronic Disease ; Health Promotion ; Health Status ; National Health Programs

Background: The proportion of periodontal diseases in the community is increasing, particularly in youth. So we should have assessed for periodontal situation of students. Objectives: To assess for periodontal diseases and treatment needs in the youths; and to propose some method in the prevention and treatment for their periodontal diseases. Subjects and method: The study included 867 students (354 were male and 516 were female) at the Ha Noi Foreign Language University and Military Academy of Medicine, age ranges from 17 to 25 years, all of them were of normal development and had no deformities of head and face. We researched into 3 indexes: Muhlemann\u2019s gingival bleeding index, Jamison\u2019s tartar index and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) that were written by the WHO. Results: Gingival bleeding rate were 86.51% of cases, most cases were I and II grade (49.82% and 33.33%, respectively). Tartar rate and 89.04%, I, II and III grade of tartar were 33.33%, 32.99%, 22.72%, respectively. 91.8% of cases needed treatment in periodontal position. Conclusions: The proportion of periodontal diseases was high, most of them were gingivitis. This situation should improved by primary oral health care and personal oral hygiene.
Periodontal disease ; gingivitis ; oral health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate working time of nurses in urban public health center branch, especially for nurses for visiting health service and chronic disease management. METHOD: Daily note, which was developed by this research team, was distributed to nurses at 7 urban public health center branches to be filled out them for 2 weeks during 2 month from June 2007 to August 2007. We analyzed 121 daily notes recorded by visiting nurses and 65 daily notes written by chronic disease management nurses were analyzed. RESULTS: The total working time for visiting nurses at urban public health center branches was 589.85 minutes per day on the average. They spent 147.13 min in actual visiting nursing services, 149.36 min in documenting, 66.94 in preparing, 77.69 min in transferring, and 11.84 min in referring. The total working time for chronic disease management nurses at urban public health center branches was 582.92 minutes per day on the average. They spent 148.77 min in actual chronic disease management services, 120.62 min in documenting, 42.46 min in group education, 37.38 in preparing, and 10.38 min in referring. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to improve documenting systems and to increase community resources linkage were recommended through the results of this study. The results of this study are expected to be used to plan staffing at urban public health center branches in the future.
Chronic Disease* ; Education ; Health Services* ; Korea ; Nurses, Community Health ; Nurses, Public Health ; Nursing Services ; Public Health*