In this paper, the theory of electrical character and adsorption of solidliquid interface was applied to study the preparation process for borneol-mi-croencapsule with co-coacervation using gelatin and arabic gum as materials. The optimum process conditions for preparing microencapsule was gained. This study method provided a reliable basis for raising the inclusion rate, decreasing the capsule materials in quantity and drawing up the process conditions.

Objective To study the effects of prenatal exposure to low level lead on the physical and neuro-behavioral development of mice and the interaction between lead and zinc. Methods Kunming pregnant mice were provided with drinking water containing lead, zinc and lead-zinc jointly and respectively. The body weight of maternal mice, offspring's survival rate and body weight were observed. Neuro-behavioral development of offspring was assessed by observation of offspring's behavior performance. The levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in offspring's brains were measured. Results At the doses of lead and zinc which did not effect the increase of maternal body weight during pregnancy, the lead exposure group showed low survival rate, growth retardation and delay of physiological development and neonatal reflexes in the offspring, the levels of DA and MDA in offspring's brains increased compared with the control group. Offspring's low survival rate and growth retardation couldn't be antagonized by zinc, but equal mole as lead of zinc could inhibit the harmful effects on neuro-reflex development. Zinc could also inhibit the increase of DA and MDA levels in offspring's brains induced by lead . However joint exposure to lead and half dosage as much as lead of zinc could deteriorate the effects on delay of physical, neuro-behavioral development and accelerate the DA and 5-HT decompose compared with that in the lead exposure group. Conclusion The harmful effects on offspring's growth and neuro-behavioral development could be induced by prenatal exposure to low level of lead. The types of joint-effect of lead and zinc were different according to the concentration of zinc, which indicated that the zinc-lead interaction was very complicated and it should be very prudent to antagonize lead toxicity using zinc.

0.05),including seven with spinal kyphosis,seven with thoracic deformity,five with pleural effusion,five with emphysema diagnosed by chest X-ray film,three with spontaneous pneumothorax,two with diaphragmatic hernia,and one developed severe respiratory failure and the other developed cot pulmonale.Conclusions The thorax,lungs and diaphragm were more easily involved in the patients with Marfan syndrome,and pulmonary specialists should keep an eye on them.

Objective To assess the usefulness of a computer-aided detection(CAD)system on detecting the pulmonary nodules in digital chest radiography.Methods Three hundred and twenty-eight digital chest radiographies along with corresponding chest computed tomography were selected for this study. Two senior chest radiologists interpreted these cases using the CAD system and marked the locations and sizes of all nodules with consensus,which were stored in a computer system as Gold Standard to evaluate the performance of the CAD system.Eight radiologists of various experience read these selected cases without and with the aid of CAD system and their results were stored in a computer system.The radiologists' performance was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic analysis.Comparison is made regarding the difference in Az values when CAD was not used versus when CAD was used by using the paired-samples t test.Results For small nodules,the sensitivity of this computer system used by the two senior chest radiologists in 100 digital radiographs was 78.1%(118.0/151).Without and with the assistance of CAD system,the nodule detection sensitivity of the radiology residents was 62.4% (94.2/151),77.4%(116.8/151)respectively,and the area under the curve of radiology residents was 0.769,0.836 respectively.Statistical analysis showed there was statistically significant difference between interpretation without and with the CAD system(P0.05).Conclusions This CAD system can help to enhance the radiologists' ability to detect small pulmonary nodules.This is especially helpful for radiology residents.

Objective:To investigate the effect of holistic nursing intervention in perioperative nursing for patients underwent radical hysterectomy under laparoscopy. Methods: 80patients with cervical cancer were divided into observation group (40cases) and control group (40cases), and patients of control group received routine nursing modein perioperative period while patients of observation group received holistic nursing mode in the same stage. The complication of the two groups were compared and analyzed, and the satisfaction degree for nursing mode was investigated.Results: Under the intervention of holistic nursing, the number of complication of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (x2=8.205,P<0.05). And the satisfaction degree for nursing of observation group was significantly higher than that control group(x2=5.000,P<0.05).Conclusion: The holistic nursing intervention in perioperative nursing for patients underwent radical hysterectomy under laparoscopy can significantly improve the life quality of patients, and reduce the occurrence of complication, and enhance the satisfaction degree of patients for nursing.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and safety of thoracoscopy routine pleural biopsy combined with frozen biopsy for pleural effusion. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the pathological diagnosis rate of pleural effusion. Results 120 cases in thoracoscopy, 103 cases were confirmed with routine biopsy specimens (85.8%), 16 cases found in the lesions with conventional clamp not satisfactory tissue specimens, combined with frozen cut obtained satisfactory specimens, the diagnostic accuracy rate of 16 cases of cryobiopsy was 100.0%, and the total diagnostic accuracy rate of medical thoracoscopy combined with pleural biopsy and cryobiopsy was 95.0%. There was significant difference between conventional biopsy and cryobiopsy (P < 0.05). Conclusion Medical thoracoscopy combined with pleural biopsy and cryobiopsy can achieve a higher rate of pathological diagnosis, and the complications are mild, so it is worthy of clinical promoting.

Objective To evaluate the value of computer-aided detection (CAD) system for pulmonary nodule detection using digital chest radiography in lung cancer screening. Methods One hundred consecutive digital chest radiographs from 6280 outpatients for lung cancer screening were independently reviewed by a thoracic radiologist and a computer-aided pulmonary nodule detection system.The radiographs were also reviewed by two experienced thoracic radiologists and the true nodules confirmed by two radiologists with reference to the CT images were marked and stored as a gold standard in the CAD system. The sensitivity and false positive of the radiologist and the CAD system for the detection of nodules on digital chest radiographs were compared. Results Ninety-five and 304 nodules were identified by radiologist and the CAD system, respectively. Of 134 nodules marked as true nodules by experienced radiologists, 82 (61.2%) and 105 (78. 4% ) nodules were identified by the radiologist and the CAD,respectively. The radiologist missed 35 true nodules which were only detected by CAD. The CAD system missed 10 true nodules which were only detected by radiologist. One hundred and twelve (83.6%) nodules were identified by radiologist with the CAD system. One hundred and ninety-nine nodules identified by CAD were false-positive with a rate of 2. 0 ( 199/100 ) per case. Conclusion Combining review of digital radiographs by radiologist with CAD system can improve the detection of pulmonary nodules in lung cancer screening.

Objectives To explore the impact of Aβ oligomer(Aβo) and fibrillar Aβ( Aβf) on the ethology of model rat and to explore whether or not piper kadsura ohwi(PKO) can ameliorate the ethological changes.Methods AD animal model was made by continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ through mini-osmotic pump.After surgery,rats of Aβo + PKO group and Aβf + PKO group received intraperitoneal injection of 10％PKO everyday,rats from Aβo + DMSO group and Aβf + DMSO group received intraperitoneal injection of 2.5％ DMSO.The treatment lasted 5 weeks.Morris water maze experiment began on the 31st day after surgery.Results ( 1 ) Acquisition trials:the escape latency was longer in Aβo group ( ( 89.40 ± 7.20 ) s ) than that in Aβf group ( (65.00 ± 10.89 ) s ) ; escape latency was shorter in Aβf + PKO group ( ( 34.00 ± 11.26 ) s) than that in Aβf group and Aβf + DMSO group( (60.6 ± 6.95 ) s) ; escape latency was shorter in Aβ3o + PKO group ( ( 65.33 ±8.89) s) than that in Aβo group and Aβo + DMSO group ( ( 85.60 ± 6.02) s).( 2 ) Robe trial:the times ( 3.00 ±0.71 ) and the proportion of time (0.23 ± 0.02 ) and path(0.23 ± 0.04) spent in the target quadrant in Aβo group was less than that in Aβf group(6.00 ± 1.58,0.25 ± 0.01,0.26 ± 0.03 ) ; the three parameters in Aβf + PKOgroup were more than those in Aβ3f group and Aβf+ DMSO group; the three parameters in Aβo + PKO group were more than those in Aβo group and Aβo + DMSO group.Conclusions Aβ oligomer had a more severe impact on the ethology of AD model rats than fibrillar Aβ did; piper kadsura ohwi may ameliorate the ethological changes of AD model rats.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to detect lesions in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). An automatic method is presented for segmentation of MS lesions using multispectral MR images in this paper. Firstly, a Pd-w image is subtracted from its corresponding T1-w images to get an image in which the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is enhanced. Secondly, based on kernel fuzzy c-means clustering (KFCM) algorithm, the enhanced image and the corresponding T2-w image are segmented respectively to extract the CSF region and the CSF-MS lesions combinatoin region. A raw MS lesions image is obtained by subtracting the CSF region from CSF-MS region. Thirdly, based on applying median filter and thresholding to the raw image, the MS lesions were detected finally. Results were tested on BrainWeb images and evaluated with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity (Sens), specificity (Spec) and accuracy (Acc). The testing results were satisfactory.
Algorithms ; Brain ; pathology ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis ; diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study aimed to investigate the immune adjuvant effect and mechanism induced by chitosan nanoparticles carrying pJME/GM-CSF. In this study, plasmid DNA (pJME/GM-CSF) was encapsulated in chitosan to prepare chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles using a complex coacervation process. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the type of infiltrating cells at the site of intramuscular injection. The phenotype and functional changes of splenic DCs were measured by flow cytometry after different immunogens were injected intramuscularly. The killing activity of CTLs was assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The preparation of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles matched the expected theoretical results. Our results also found that, after pJME/GM-CSF injection, the incoming cells were a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and immature DCs. Meanwhile, pJME/GM-CSF increased the expression of MHC class II molecules on splenic DCs, and enhanced their Ag capture and presentation functions. Cell-mediated immunity was induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles outperformed the administration of standard pJME/GM-CSF in terms of DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. These findings reveal that chitosan could be used as delivery vector for DNA vaccine intramuscular immunizations, and enhance pJME/GM-CSF-induced cellular immune responses.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology