Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of long and short InterTan intramedullary nailing of senior intertrochanteric hip fracture in conjunction with early total care (ETC).Methods In this prospective study, records of 30 elder patients with intertrochanteric fracture hospitalized between January 2011 and September 2013 were included.Using the concept of ETC, the patients were treated with long (long-nail group, n =15) and short InterTan intramedullary nails (shortnail group, n =15) within 72 hours postinjury.The two groups were compared for operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, Harris hip score, time to pre-injury mobilization and hardware failure rate.Results Operation time was (77.25 ± 7.38) minutes in long-nail group versus (72.10 ± 6.90) minutes in short-nail group (P ＜ 0.01).Time to pre-injury mobilization was (7.45 ± 1.61) months in long-nail group versus (8.57 ± 2.18) months in short-nail group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between long-and short-nail groups regarding the blood loss [(180.75 ± 38.26)ml vs (178.62 ± 34.79)ml], fracture healing time [(4.82 ± 1.12)months vs (4.76 ± 1.04) months], and Harris hip score [(83.75 ± 1.71) points vs (82.57 ± 2.18) points] (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Either long or short InterTan intramedullary nailing combined with ETC is effective in treatment of intertrochanteric hip fracture in the elderly.However patients treated with long nails return to pre-injury mobilization relatively earlier.Long InterTan intramedullary nail system is better for the patients combined with serious osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical outcomes of cannulated screw combined with buttress plate in treating transarticular shear fractures of the distal humerus.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to December 2011, 17 patients with shear fractures of the distal humerus were treated with cannulated screw combined with buttress plate. Among them, included 10 males and 7 females aged from 20 to 59 years old (mean 36.5). All the fractures were classified into type I (8 cases), type II (1 case), type III (3 cases) and type IV (5 cases) according to Bryan-Morrey and McKee classification. According to AO/ASIF classification, 10 cases were type 13B3.1, 7 cases were type 13B3.3; according to Dubberley classification, 5 cases with type 1A, 2 cases with type 1B, 2 cases with type 2A, 2 cases with type 2B, 4 cases with type 3A, 2 cases with type 3B. There were 12 cases with fresh injuries, 4 cases with old injuries. All fractures were closed injuries. Complications and range of motion of elbow were observed, and clinical efficacy were evaluated by Broberg-Morrey standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with a mean time of 21.3 months (ranged, 18 to 24). All fractures obtained bone healing from 10 to 15 weeks with a mean of 12.5 weeks. No malunion or delayed healing occurred. Two cases occurred ossification in lateral collateral ligament attachment. 2 cases occurred heterotopic ossification in the capitellum in front of capsule joint. The range of elbow extension was (16 +/- 7) degrees, flexion was (115 +/- 9) degrees, the average are of pronation and supination was (65 +/- 5) degrees and (60 +/- 5) degrees respectively. According to Broberg-Morrey standard, there were excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 2 cases, and average score was 92.44 +/- 4.64.

CONCLUSIONFor transarticular shear fractures of the distal humerus, classification should be performed according to preoperative X-ray and CT, cannulated screw and buttress plate combined and early function rehabilitation could recover elbow function.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular

Objective To investigate the value of serum cholinesterase (S-ChE) levels in judgment of severity and prognosis in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of patients with severe pneumonia, who were admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, or the Department of Neurology in the Third People's Hospital of Foshan from May 2011 to May 2015, whose hospital time was longer than 24 hours, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into survival group and death group according to the final outcome. Lab data, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score, the improved pneumonia score of British Thoracic Society (confusion, uremia, respiratory, blood pressure, age 65 years, CURB-65), and S-ChE levels of all patients were collected after they were hospitalized into the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 hours. Independent risk factors for prognosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted. Best truncation point analysis was used to compare their estimated value for prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia. Results Eighty-six patients with severe pneumonia were studied. Among them 46 patients survived, and 40 patients died. By the single factor analysis, the following lab data in the death group were found significantly lower than those in the survival group: S-ChE levels (kU/L: 2.748±0.826 vs. 4.489±1.360, t' = 7.274, P = 0.000), arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 52.55±18.29 vs. 60.83±16.65, t = 2.196, P = 0.031], oxygenation index (mmHg: 114.20±48.01 vs. 167.10±69.68, t' = 4.229, P = 0.000), and carbon dioxide combining power [CO2-CP (mmol/L): 22.85±5.44 vs. 26.00±7.63, t' = 2.225, P = 0.029]. The following clinical data were significantly higher in the death group than those in the survival group, namely body temperature (℃: 38.67±1.18 vs. 37.74±1.18, t = -3.627, P = 0.000), pulse (bpm: 130.65±15.72 vs. 107.26±19.61, t' = -6.133, P = 0.000), the ratio of concomitant chronic lung disease [45.0% (18/40) vs. 13.0% (6/46), χ2 = 10.860, P = 0.001], fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2: 0.495 (0.410, 0.600) vs. 0.380 (0.290, 0.500), Z = -3.265, P = 0.001], APACHE Ⅱ score (25.80±5.07 vs. 16.39±5.12, t =-8.540, P = 0.000), CURB-65 score [3 (3, 4) vs. 2 (1, 2), Z = -5.562, P = 0.000], MODS score (8.15±2.49 vs. 4.35±2.01, t = -7.832, P = 0.000), international normalized ratio [INR: 1.22 (1.08, 1.31) vs. 1.07 (1.00, 1.10), Z = -4.231, P = 0.000], and activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT (s): 33.80 (32.13, 38.75) vs. 28.50 (25.70, 36.00), Z = -3.482, P = 0.000]. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that, S-ChE levels, APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score were found to be the independent risk factors for prognosis in the patients with severe pneumonia, respectively [S-ChE: odds ratio (OR) = 0.084, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.017-0.424, P = 0.003; APACHE Ⅱ score: OR = 1.675, 95%CI = 1.098-2.556, P = 0.017; MODS score: OR = 2.189, 95%CI = 1.262-3.800, P = 0.005]. The area under ROC (AUC) for S-ChE levels, APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score were 0.874±0.036, 0.889±0.033 and 0.884±0.035, respectively (all P > 0.05 as compared between any two means). At the best truncation points of S-ChE levels, APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score were 3.372 kU/L, 19.5 score, and 6.5 score respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in predicting death risk in patients with severe pneumonia were (80.0%, 78.0%, 76.19% and 81.82%), (95.0%, 70.0%, 73.08% and 94.12%) and (70.0%, 91.0%, 87.50%, 77.78%), respectively. If S-ChE levels was combined with APACHE Ⅱ score or combined with MODS score, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value [S-ChE levels combined APACHE Ⅱ score: 100%, 92.0%, 93.75% and 100%; S-ChE levels combined MODS score: all 100%] were higher than single power of S-ChE levels, APACHE Ⅱ score or MODS score. Conclusions S-ChE levels can be considered as an effective and practical index to estimate the severity and prognosis in patients with severe pneumonia. The combined application of S-ChE levels and APACHE Ⅱ score or MODS score can obviously improve the prognostic power in patients with severe pneumonia.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TLR/STAT pathway in the proliferation of mesangial cell induced by HMGB1.Methods:Human mesangial cells were inoculated in the dose of 1?104 ml-1.After 24 h,cells were cultured with standard medium as control group or with medium supplement with 10 ?g/L human recombinant protein HMGB1 as trial group in vitro.Then the cells were collected in 6,12 and 24 h respectively,as well as control group cells.Immunocytochemical staining was adopted to examine the expressions of PCNA proteins on mesangial cells in different groups.Immunocytochemical staining and FCM were performed to detect the changes of TLR2 protein expression.STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA were examined by RT-PCR technique.Results:Immunocytochemical staining indicated that the mesangial cells could multiply after they were induced by human recombinant protein HMGB1.Immunocytochemical staining showed that the level of TLR2 protein in trial groups were higher than those in control groups.FCM indicated that HMGB1 could significantly up-regulate the expression of TLR2 protein time-dependently.The STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA in HMGB1 groups were higher than those in control groups.The expression of TLR2 protein was positively correlated with those of STAT1 and STAT mRNA respectively.The positive rate of PCNA was remarkably correlated with the expression of STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA.Conclusion:HMGB1 could activate STAT1/STAT3 through combining with its cell-surface receptor TLR2,which may play an important role in promoting the proliferation of mesangial cells and then damaging the renal of lupus nephritis.

AIM: To determine the association between subfoveal choroidal thickness before therapy and therapeutic activity in diabetic macular edema.
METHODS: The current study was a retrospective study, which included 32 patients ( 32 eyes ) diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. All the patients were firstly treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Main outcome measures were included the subfoveal choroidal thickness, central macular thickness and best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) at preoperation and postoperative visit at 3mo.
RESULTS: After 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, the BCVA was significantly higher than that before therapy and accompanied with significantly reduced thickness of subfoveal choroid and central fovea of macula. Spearman analysis was revealed that a greater baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness was associated with a better BCVA (rs=0. 544, P=0. 036).
CONCLUSION:In the therapy of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab on diabetic macular edema, there seems to be a better BCVA in the patients with a greater baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness. Therefore, baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness may be a useful predictor for the therapy of diabetic macular edema.

Objective To study the diagnostic utility of hemoglobin electrophoresis in neonatal cord blood screening for thalassemia. Methods Between January 2012 and December 2013, 14032 core blood samples which were from different 21 Women and Children Hospitals in Guangdong were performed for the neonatal screening with hemoglobin electrophoresis. The positive samples of hemoglobin electrophoresis were recalled for genetic testing. Results Out of 1445 (11.07%) positive samples of hemoglobin electrophoresis , 1075 (54.08%) cases were suspected for α-thalassemia, 478 (3.41%) cases were suspected for β-thalassemia, 127 (0.91%) cases were suspected for abnormal hemoglobin. With the genetic testing, 967 cases were diagnosed as α-thalassemia, 404 cases were diagnosed asβ-thalassemia. The coincidence rate ofα-thalassemia andβ-thalassemia were 89.95%and 82.96%, respectively. Besides, 124 cases were diagnosed as abnormal hemoglobin, including 38 cases of Hb E, 28 cases of Hb Q, 21 cases of Hb D, 19 cases of Hb New York, 13 cases of Hb J, and 5 cases of Hb J. Conclusion Hemoglobin electrophoresis was definitely helpful in the neonatal cord blood screening for thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin.

Objective To investigate the effects of modafinil,a new wake-promoting agent,on simulated flight performance during 48 h sleep deprivation(SD).Method Six male healthy young volunteers were exposed to two periods of 48 h continuous wakefulness during the crossover experiment.In one period,three 200 mg doses of modafinil were given and in the other,separated by two weeks,matching placebos were administered.The SD time started from 8:00 of the first day to 8:00 of the third day.Drug was given at 0:00,16:00 of the second day and 0:00 of the third day.Flight performance in J7-E flight simulator was tested at 21:00 of the first day and 1,3,5,7 h after each drug administration.Result The scores of simulated flight performance in the placebo group decreased with time during SD and became significant at 1:00～7:00 of the third day.Numbers of errors increased with time during SD,especially in the left ascending turn stage and the descending & landing stages.Compared with the placebo,flight performance was significantly increased after the third administration of modafinil.Numbers of errors during 48 h SD and at 1:00～7:00 of the third day in modafinil group was 19% and 40% lower than those in placebo group respectively.Conclusion Simulated flight performance during 48 h SD is significantly improved after repeated administration of modafinil,especially when the impacts of SD and the circadian trough are combined.

AIM:To assess changes of tear film function in patients after pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation.
METHODS:Totally 126 patients with pterygium excision with amniotic membrane transplantation from January 2011 to November 2013 were entered in the study. The tear breakup time ( BUT) , the Schirmer I test ( SⅠt) and tear ferning test ( TFT ) were elevated in the patients before and after pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. The examnation times were 1d before surgey, 1wk, 1, 2mo after surgery. Operation eyes were studied group, while opposite healthy eyes as control group.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, BUT and TFT were significantly different in the eyes with pterygium (P<0. 05); However, no obvious difference was detected in the results of SⅠt (P>0. 05). The results of BUT and TFT at 1mo after surgery in study group were significantly better than 1wk (P<0. 05), while no significant difference compared with 2mo (P>0. 05); The tear film stability in the study group at 1wk after surgery was still inferior to the control group (P<0. 05) and there was no significant difference at 1, 2mo after surgery (P all>0. 05). SⅠt results did not differ between the different examination times(P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:Tear film stability was broken in the eyes with pterygium. Pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation can obviously restore the tear film function into normal state, and the tear film function could reach steady-state 1mo after surgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micro-movement theory exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to February 2014, 64 cases of humeral shaft fractures were treated by bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation including 28 males and 36 females with an average age of 38.1 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. According to the classification of AO/OTA, there were 10 cases of type A1, 12 cases of type A2,11 cases of type A3,10 cases of type B1,12 cases of type B2, 7 cases of type B3, 2 cases of type C1, 1 case of type C2, 1 case of type C3. After close reduction early functional exercise performed according to micro-movement theory. All patients had no other parts of the fractures, neurovascular injury, and serious medical problems. Patients were followed up for fracture healing, shoulder and elbow joint function recovery, and curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 12 months with an average of 10.3 months. Of them, 2 cases had a small amount of callus growth at 3 months after close reduction, so instead of operation; 2 cases appeared radial nerve symptoms after close reduction ,so instead of operation. Other patients were osseous healing, the time was 8 to 12 weeks with an average of 10.2 weeks. After osseous healing, according to Constant-Murley score system ,the average score was (93.5 ± 3.2) points, the result was excellent in 29 cases, good in 29 cases, fair in 6 cases, excellent and good rate was 90.3%; according to the Mayo score system, the average score was (93.7 ± 4.2) points, the result was excellent in 35 cases, good in 23 cases, fair in 6 cases, excellent and good rate was 91.9%.

CONCLUSIONBone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micromovement theory exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures has advantage of positive effect, easy and inexpensive method, the treatment has relevant scientific basis and practical value, it can effectively reduce complications, promote patients early recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Splints

In recent years (2007 to 2011),although the overall number of rabies cases in China has decreased,there is evidence of emerging or re-emerging cases in regions without previous rabies cases or with low incidence of rabies.To investigate the origin and the factors affecting the spread of rabies in China,specimens were collected from 2007 to 2011 from provinces with emerging and re-emerging cases and tested for the presence of the rabies virus.Positive specimens were combined with sequences from GenBank to perform comparisons of homology and functional sites,and to carry out phylogenetic analyses.Out of these regions,five provinces had 9positive specimens from canine and cattle,and 34 canine or human specimens were obtained from previously high-incidence provinces.Complete sequences of G gene were obtained for these samples.Homology of the sequences of these 43 specimens was 87％-100％ at the nucleotide level and 93.7％ -100％ at the amino acid level.These G gene sequences were combined with reference sequence from GenBank and used to construct a phylogenetic tree.The results showed that 43 specimens were all assigned to China clade I and clade Ⅱ,with all specimens from emerging and re-emerging areas placed within clade I.Specimens isolated from Shanxi and Inner Mongolia in 2011 were distinct from previously-isolated local strains and had closer homology to strains from Hebei,Beijing and Tianjin whereas new isolates from Shanghai were tightly clustered with strains isolated in the 1990s.Finally,Shaanxi isolates were clustered with strains from adjacent Sichuan.Our results suggest that the rabies cases in emerging and re-emerging areas in China in the last 5 years are a consequence of the epidemic spreading from of neighboring provinces and regions experiencing a serious epidemic of rabies.