Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic transnasal surgery for sinonasal and skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and to analyze the prognostic factors. Methods: Data of 82 patients (43 females and 39 males, at a median age of 49 years old) with sinonasal and skull base ACC who were admitted to XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University between June 2007 and June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were staged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition. The disease overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results: There were 4 patients with stage Ⅱ, 14 patients with stage Ⅲ, and 64 patients with stage Ⅳ. The treatment strategies included purely endoscopic surgery (n=42), endoscopic surgery plus radiotherapy (n=32) and endoscopic surgery plus radiochemotherapy (n=8). Followed up for 8 to 177 months, the 5-year OS and DFS rates was 63.0% and 51.6%, respectively. The 10-year OS and DFS rates was 51.2% and 31.8%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that late T stage and internal carotid artery (ICA) involvement were the independent prognostic factors for survival in sinonasal and skull base ACC (all P<0.05). The OS of patients who received surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy was significantly higher than that of patients who received surgery plus radiochemotherapy (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Endoscopic transonasal surgery or combing with radiotherapy is an effective procedure for the treatment of sinonasal and skull base ACC. Late T stage and ICA involvement indicate poor prognosis.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base/pathology* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Prognosis

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Myocarditis/drug therapy*

BACKGROUND: There were few studies on real-world data about autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) or allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients who received auto-HSCT or allo-HSCT in China. METHODS: From July 2007 to June 2017, a total of 128 patients who received auto-HSCT (n  = 72) or allo-HSCT (n  = 56) at eight medical centers across China were included in this study. We retrospectively collected their demographic and clinical data and compared the clinical outcomes between groups. RESULTS: Patients receiving allo-HSCT were more likely to be diagnosed with stage III or IV disease (95% vs. 82%, P = 0.027), bone marrow involvement (42% vs. 15%, P = 0.001), chemotherapy-resistant disease (41% vs. 8%, P = 0.001), and progression disease (32% vs. 4%, P < 0.001) at transplantation than those receiving auto-HSCT. With a median follow-up of 30 (2-143) months, 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the auto-HSCT group were 70%(48/63) and 59%(42/63), respectively. Three-year OS and PFS for allo-HSCT recipients were 46%(27/54) and 44%(29/54), respectively. There was no difference in relapse rate (34%[17/63] in auto-HSCT vs. 29%[15/54] in allo-HSCT, P = 0.840). Three-year non-relapse mortality rate in auto-HSCT recipients was 6%(4/63) compared with 27%(14/54) for allo-HSCT recipients (P = 0.004). Subanalyses showed that patients with lower prognostic index scores for PTCL (PIT) who received auto-HSCT in an upfront setting had a better outcome than patients with higher PIT scores (3-year OS: 85% vs. 40%, P = 0.003). Patients with complete remission (CR) undergoing auto-HSCT had better survival (3-year OS: 88% vs. 48% in allo-HSCT, P = 0.008). For patients beyond CR, the outcome of patients who received allo-HSCT was similar to that in the atuo-HSCT group (3-year OS: 51% vs. 46%, P = 0.300). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided real-world data about auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT in China. Auto-HSCT seemed to be associated with better survival for patients in good condition (lower PIT score and/or better disease control). For patients possessing unfavorable characteristics, the survival of patients receiving allo-HSCT group was similar to that in the auto-HSCT group.
China ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/therapy* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

Cardiovascular disease is one of the important factors that threaten the health of residents, ranking the first among various causes of death, so the monitoring and diagnosis of human cardiovascular health is particularly important. Compared with traditional brachial artery pressure, central arterial pressure (CAP) has a higher correlation with the occurrence of many cardiovascular events. The measurement of CAP can more accurately reflect the real situation of human blood pressure, and provide an important basis for diagnosis and disease prevention. Therefore, the realization of high-precision, high-generalization ability and low-cost non-invasive measurement of CAP has always been the research focus in this field. This article combines the relevant literature in China and abroad to summarize the current status of CPA measurement, introduces related research progress from two aspects, namely parameter measurement and waveform measurement, and discusses the characteristics of the existing methods and the future development.

Objective: To examine college students awareness of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), as well as their willingness to undergo testing, and to provide guidance for further education targeted towards AIDS prevention. Methods: The respondents were selected from two companies of military training camps in 4 universities in Fengtai District of Beijing using cluster sampling, and a questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information among 1 248 college freshmen. The content of the questionnaire included basic information about the students, awareness of AIDS, and willingness to undergo testing. Results: A total of 87.18% students were familiar with AIDS related knowledge, and 62.98% students intended to have HIV tests in the future. Willingness to be tested for HIV was higher among not local students (67.39%) than among local students(55.65%)(χ 2=17.32, P<0.05). The willingness to get HIV testing was higher among students who had an understanding of AIDS (65.26%) than among those who lacked an awareness(47.50%)(χ 2=18.87, P<0.05). In terms of the willingness to be tested for HIV, the main concerns focused on personal privacy (23.24%) and the cost (18.59%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that improving students awareness of five of the items related to a basic knowledge of AIDS may increase their willingness to get HIV testing(P<0.05). Most students indicated a preference to get HIV testing at a hospital (68.51%) or at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(42.79%). Conclusion The willingness to get HIV testing can be increased by launching an AIDS health education program that targets weak knowledge points with respect to AIDS awareness.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) . Methods: The clinical records of 33 ALCL patients after HSCT were collected and analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the rates of overall survival (OS) and recurrence after autologous (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) and the factors influencing prognosis. Results: The median-age of this cohort of 33 ALCL cases at diagnosis was 31 (12-57) years old with a male/female ratio of 23/10, 24 cases (72.7%) were ALK(+) and 9 ones (27.3%) ALK(-). Of them, 25 patients (19 ALK(+) and 6 ALK(-)) underwent auto-HSCT and 8 cases (5 ALK(+) and 3ALK(-)) allo-HSCT with a median follow-up of 18.7 (4.0-150.0) months. Disease states before HSCT were as follows: only 6 patients achieved CR status and received auto-HSCT, 16 patients achieved PR (14 cases by auto-HSCT and 2 ones allo-HSCT) , the rest 11 cases were refractory/relapse (5 cases by auto-HSCT and 6 ones allo-HSCT) . There were 7 cases died of disease progression (5 after auto-HSCT and 2 allo-HSCT) and 5 cases treatment-related mortality (TRM) (2 after auto-HSCT and 3 allo-HSCT) , TRM of two groups were 8.0% and 37.5%, respectively. Both the median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were 15 months after auto-HSCT, the median PFS and OS after allo-HSCT were 3.7 (1.0-90.0) and 4.6 (1.0-90.0) months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of survival curves between the two groups (OS and PFS, P=0.247 and P=0.317) . The 2-year OS rates in auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups were 72% and 50%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates in auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups were 36% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion: ALCL treated by chemotherapy produced high rates of overall and complete responses. Chemotherapy followed by auto-HSCT remained to be good choice for patients with poor prognostic factors. High-risk patients should be considered more beneficial from allo-HSCT.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) versus "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) in the pregnant rats on perinatal nicotineexposureinduced lung function and morphology of newborn rats and explore the rule of acupoint effect in EA for the prevention from lung dysplasia in newborn rats. METHODS: A total of 24 female SD rats were randomized into a normal saline group (S group), a nicotine group (N group), a nicotineST 36 group (N + ST 36 group) and a nicotineGB 34 group (N+GB 34 group), 6 rats in each one. Starting at the 6th day of pregnancy, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected subcutaneously in the S group, 1 mg/kg; and in the rest 3 groups, nicotine of the same dose was injected through to the 21st postnatal day to establish the perinatal nicotineexposure model. Simultaneously, during model preparation, EA was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) in the N+ST 36 group and the N+GB 34 group respectively, once a day, through to the 21st postnatal day. The lung function analytic system for small animal was adopted to observe the changes in lung function indicators in newborn rats, such as peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), expiratory resistance (RE), inspiratory resistance (RI) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of lung, such as alveolar fusion and rupture. RESULTS: Compared with the S group, PEF and Cdyn were lower and PIF, RI and RE higher in the N group (all <0.01), additionally, alveoli were fused and ruptured, alveolar wall thickened, the numbers of alveoli reduced, the interspace of alveoli enlarged and the diameter increased (<0.01). Compared with the N group, in the N+ST 36 group, PEF and Cdyn were increased, PIF, RI and RE reduced (<0.05, <0.01), the alveolar fusion and rupture relieved, the numbers of alveoli increased, alveolar wall thinner, the interpsace of alveoli became normal and the diameter was reduced significantly (<0.01). In the N+GB 34 group, the changes of lung function and morphological indicators were not significant (>0.05). CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in the pregnant rats significantly improves the perinatal nicotineexposureinduced lung function and morphology of newborn rats than electroacupuncture at "Yanglingquan" (GB 34).
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Lung ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Nicotine ; toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The residues of exogenous pollutants in Chinese materia medica (CMM) have become an important cause of adverse reactions of CMM, including agricultural/veterinary drug residues, heavy metal contamination, mycotoxin residues, pathogenic microbial contamination and other organic pollutant residues according to their sources. This paper reviews the modern research on inspection objects and detection methods of main exogenous pollutants in CMM, with view to providing reference and basis for supplementing, perfecting and improving the quality and safety system of CMM.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of autologous (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) . Methods: From June 2007 to June 2017, clinical data of AITL patients who underwent HSCT in eight hospitals were assessed retrospectively. Results: Of 19 patients, 13 male and 6 female with a median age of 50 (32-60) years old, 12 auto-HSCT and 7 allo-HSCT recipients were enrolled in this study, all donors were HLA-identical siblings. Two of allo-HSCT recipients were relapsed auto-HSCT ones. There were 5 patients (5/12) in complete response (CR) status and 7 (7/12) in partial remission (PR) status before transplantation in auto-HSCT group, and 2 (2/7) in PR status and 3 (3/7) in progression disease (PD) status before transplantation in allo-HSCT group. The median follow-up for the surviving patients was 46.5 months (range, 1-100 months) for the whole series, two patients lost in auto-HSCT group. Three patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and 5 chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allo-HSCT. Three patients died of primary disease and 1bleeding in auto-HSCT group. One patient died of primary disease and 2 transplantation-related mortality in allo-HSCT group. The 3-year cumulative overall survival (OS) were 56% (95%CI 32%-100%) and 57% (95%CI 30%-100%) for auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT, respectively (P=0.979) . The 3-year cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) were 34% (95%CI 14%-85%) and 57% (95%CI 30%-100%) for auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT, respectively (P=0.451) . Conclusion: Both auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT were optimal choices for AITL. In clinical practice, which HSCT was better for AITL patients should be based on comprehensive factors including sensitivity to chemotherapy, risk stratification and disease status at transplantation.
Adult ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

The origin and distribution of oligosaccharides of TCM are extensive, and its special biological activity and chemical properties have great potential in health preserving and disease prevention and treatment. The researches about its components are increasing, and its research and application are expanded. Oligosaccharides of TCM can be obtained by natural extraction, degradation and artificial synthesis. Among them, the natural extraction method is the most suitable for chromatography. The oligosaccharides of TCM have different groups and connections, and the structure is complex, with different chemical reactions in the process. This article reviewed the research overview of oligosaccharides of TCM from the aspects of separation, biological activity and chemical reactions in the process.