AIM:To investigate the validity of Rorschach inkblot method (RIM) in personality research by calculating the correlation of RIM with 16 personality factor questionnaire (16 PF).METHODS: Totally 70 undergraduates participated in the examination with RIM and 16 PF, then the correlations of all the variables of two measuring techniques were calculated. Standard score of comprehensive system was used in RIM.RESULTS: Some important Rorschach variables were correlated significantly with 16PF factors, and the correlations are consistent with their meaning. Some variables correlated with 16PF factors but were irrelevant in meaning.CONCLUSION: The results support the validity of RIM in personality study, and they also demonstrate that comprehensive system cannot well annotate RIM, but the meaning of some variables should be further researched.

BACKGROUND: Item response theory (IRT) is widely used in the westem world, but its use for non-cognitive measurement has been very limited in China. It is necessary to explore whether IRT is applicable in non-cognitive settings and find the optimal model.OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal IRT model for self-report questionnaire analysis with the instance of emotional competence scale (ECS) and compare the effectiveness of different models in light of model data fitting and the volume of information provision.DESIGN: A comparative study of different psychometric models tested with the same data set.SETTING: Shandong Laiwu Vocational and Technical College; Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 617 college students of Shandong Normal University (311 males and 306 females)and 564 senior high school students of the 17 Laiwu High School (283 males and 281females) participated in the study during May 2004.METHODS: Emotional competence scale (ECS) was adopted for psychometric measurement for 5-point Likert-type items. The scale was divided into 9 subscales, namely impulse control, empathy, persistency, interpersonal intimacy, social skills, emotional regulation, emotional stability, sense of responsibility, and self-confidence. One-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter logistic model and grade response model were used for analysis of the 9 subscales, followed by goodness of fit test (analogous to Chi-square test) and comparison of the measurement precision (reliability)of the three models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Log-likelihood ratio, average χ2 statistics and average volume of information when one-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter Logistic model.RESULTS: Totally 1 220 questionnaires were handed out and 1 181 with valid answers were obtained. Comparison of the 3 logistic model showed that the two-parameter logistic model had the least log-likelihood with the least items whose mean square residual error were greater than 2, and the volume of test information was greater than that provided by one-parameter model and no less than the three-parameter model. Therefore, the two-parameter logistic model was the best for 2-point scoring model. But the measurement precision of two-parameter Logistic model was lower than that of multi-grade response model.CONCLUSION: When 2-point items are adopted in self-report questionnaire, 2-parameter logistic model can be applied but not 1- or 3-parameter Logistic models. But when the questionnaire uses items that have more than 2 response grades, the measurement precision can be better than that of 2-point data. Merge of the options for the items may result in lowered measurement precision.

Astrocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of tannins from pomegranate rind on passive Heymann nephritis ( PHN) in rats. Methods:Rabbits were with intradermal immunization for many times to obtain anti-Fx1A serum, and then PHN model in rats was established by tail intravenous injection of anti-Fx1A serum. The experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups, the nor-mal control group, model group, benazepril group, and tannins from pomegranate rind group respectively at high, medium and low dose. After the success of modeling, each rat was received intragastric administration for five weeks, and then the total of urine was collected once a week for the detection of 24-hour urine protein. At the end of treatment, serum was collected for the detection of serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride. The pathological changes of the renal tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining to observe the effect of tannins from pomegranate rind on PHN rats. Results:After the in-tragastric administration for five weeks, tannins from pomegranate rind could obviously reduce the level of 24-hour urine protein in PHN rats(P<0. 01), significantly reduce the levels of serum creatinine (P<0. 01), urea nitrogen (P<0. 01,P<0. 01,P<0. 05), total cholesterol (P<0. 01) and triglyceride (P<0. 01,P<0. 01,P<0. 05) in PHN rats, and increase the level of serum albumin (P<0. 01,P<0. 05,P>0. 05). HE and Masson staining results indicated that tannins from pomegranate rind could improve the pathologi-cal damage in PHN rats. Conclusion:Tannins from pomegranate rind has notable improvement for PHN in rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide pretreatment on the delayed neuronal death(DND) and the expreesion of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) in rat hippocampus after ischemia/ reperfusion.

METHODSAll rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 36), total cerebral ischemia (TCI) group (n = 36), butylphthalide (NBP) group (n = 6), NBP + TCI group( n = 36), quercetin + NBP + TCI group (n = 6), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + NBP + TCI group (n = 6). The model of total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was established by blocking vertebral arteries and carotid arteries. In sham group, TCI group and NBP group, the animals were further divided into instantly, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d groups according to the time interval after sham operation or TCI. Histological changes of the hippocampus were evaluated using thionin staining under light microscope by determining the delayed neuronal death (DND) and the expression of HSP70 was assayed using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSNBP pretreatment could reduce delayed neuronal death in CA1 of hippocampus induced by TCI-reperfusion injury in rats, and up-regulated the expression of HSP70 in CA1 hippocampus of brain ischemic/reperfusion for 5 days. Quercetin blocked the acquirement of the brain ischemic tolerance induced by NBP preconditioning.

CONCLUSION3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) prevents the neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulating the expression of HSP70.

Animals ; Benzofurans ; pharmacology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; pathology ; Cell Death ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Neurons ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Objective To study the incidence of malposition of catheter at different body positions during the operation of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC),and then select the optimum position to increase the success rate of insertion. Methods 155 patients were randomly divided into the horizontal position group (55 cases),the semi-reclining position group (49 cases) and the sitting position group (51cases).They all used chest X-ray to conffirm the position of top end of the catheter after insertion and then comparing the incidence rate of malposition of catheter among three groups. Results After insertion,11 patients' catheters were found malposition.Among them,8 patients were in the semi-reclining position group (incidence rate 16.3％),2 patients were in the horizontal position group (incidence rate 3.6％) and only one patient was in the sitting position group (incidence rate 1.9％ ).Incidence rate of catheter malposition in the semi-reclining position group was significantly higher than other two groups. Conclusions The best position for PICC is the horizontal position.If the patient has expiratory dyspnea or need to adjust the malposition catheter,sitting position can be used.Semi-reclining position should be avoided in the operation of PICC.

Objective To investigate changes in serum sclerostin (SO) in postmenopausal women before and after treatment with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [rhPTH (1-34)],and to explore the relationship of serum SO with estradiol (E2),and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods Ninety-five postmenopausal women were divided into normal BMD group (n =41) and osteoporosis group (n =54).Body mass index,alkaline phosphatase (ALP),serum E2,calcium,phosphate,and SO were determined in both groups.The patients in osteoporosis group were treated with rhPTH (1-34) 20 μg/d by subcutaneous injection and oral calcium 500 mg/d for 12 months.Serum calcium,serum phosphate,BMD,serum ALP,serum E2,and sclerostin were determined in osteoporosis group by 6 months and 12 months of treatment.Results (1) Serum level of SO in osteoporosis group was raised significantly as compared with normal BMD group (P ＜ 0.05) ; E2 and BMD were negatively correlated with SO; age and postmenopausal years were positively correlated with SO (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Serum SO was reduced gradually with treatment of rhPTH (1-34) by 6 months and 12 months (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Serum SO was increased in postmenopausal women,which was related to E2 and BMD,and was reduced gradually with treatment of rhPTH (1-34).SO may participate in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective To analyze the demands and to evaluate training effect on the knowledge and technology of prevention and treatment about hypertension among doctors in county and countryside hospitals of Xinjiang.Methods 336 doctors were trained about knowledge of prevention and treatment of hypertension and technology of useful therapeutic regimen,and were investigated for demands of the knowledge and technology and self-evaluation of training effect by questionnaire.Results The knowledge of prevention and treatment about hypertension and the technology of useful therapeutic regimen were needed urgently by 94.8％ subjects.91.3％ trained doctors thought that the technology suited practically in county and countryside hospitals,and 96.7％ hospitals had condition of carrying out the technology.97.9％ trained doctors expected this kind of technology on hypertension prevention and treatment to be trained again.74.1％ trained doctors comprehended the technology,and the percent of doctor practically using the technology increased from pre-training 12.3％ to post training 62.1％.Conclusion The knowledge of prevention and treatment about hypertension and technology of useful therapeutic regimen were needed urgently and were comprehended with training for the most doctors in county and countryside hospitals of Xinjiang.

ObjectiveTo describe the status of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and explore the related factors.MethodsThis was a multi-plot cross-sectional survey.136 cases in Hunan province were investigated by questionnaires.The questionnaires included General Information Questionnaire,Depression Self-Rating of Children( DSRS),Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents.ResultsThe DSRS score of all subjects was (9.51 ± 5.19),24 cases suffered from depressive symptom (17.6％).The multi-factor non-condition logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR =2.831 ),current education status (OR =9.822 ),parents' current marital status (OR =0.061 ),yearly household income (OR =0.415 ),hospitalization in the past 6 months (OR =8.797 ),peer relationship (OR =0.133 ),parent-child relationship(OR =0.182 ),FBS(OR =0.061 ) and sample source(OR =8.366 ) were factors which independently predicted depressive symptom in children and adolescents with T1DM.ConclusionThe influential factors of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with T1DM include age,current education status,parents' current marital status,yearly household income,hospitalization in the past 6 months,peer relationship and parent-child relationship,FBS and sample source.

Astrocytoma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Capillaries ; pathology ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Glioblastoma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Hemangioblastoma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; blood supply ; pathology ; Oligodendroglioma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Paraganglioma ; blood supply ; pathology