Schistosomiasis is prevalent in 78 countries and territories worldwide, while the eastern and western parts of sub-Sahara Africa bear the highest disease burden due to schistosomiasis. Recently, climate change, international trade and travel, urbanization and war have increased the risk of cross-boundary importation and transmission of schistosomiasis, and schistosomiasis has increasingly become a public health concern in non-endemic countries and territories. Biomphalaria straminea, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, has colonized in southern China and its habitats continue to move northward. In addition, cross-boundary imported cases of schistosomiasis have been reported occasionally in China. However, the real number of cases may be underestimated greatly due to insufficient diagnostic capacity and weak awareness of case reporting for overseas imported schistosomiasis in healthcare facilities. It is necessary to establish a multi-party collaborative mechanism, improve corresponding systems and technical specifications, reinforce surveillance and early warning, and border management, enhance technical reserves and capability building, and improve the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and healthcare-seeking among entry-exit personnel, in order to effectively address the threat of cross-boundary imported schistosomiasis.

Objective Explore differences in the cognitive abilities of socially different Labradors.Methods The dog mentality assessment(DMA)test created by the Swedish Working Dog Association was modified to employ 12 behavioral variables from five subtests of the DMA test,social contact,play Ⅰ,distance-play,ghosts and play Ⅱ,to assess sociability of the dogs.In accordance with the scoring criteria,49 labradors provided by the China Guide Dog Training Centre in Dalian were scored on the social behavioral variables and classified into high(n=15)and low(n=34)sociability groups by cluster analysis.A new system to test canine cognitive ability was developed using the dog cognitive development battery,which tests various domains of cognitive ability such as social cue use,unsolvable task,inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,working memory,and multistep problem solving task.The dogs'behavioral performance and duration of the test were also recorded.Statistical analysis was performed to determine assess differences in the cognitive abilities of socially diverse dogs.Results Dogs in the high and low social subgroups differed significantly in behavioral variables of the unsolvable task,inhibitory control test,and multistep problem solving task.In the unsolvable task,dogs in the high social group looked at people for significantly longer than dogs in the low social grouping(P=0.008)and looked at people with significantly less latency time than dogs in the low social group(P=0.0001).In the inhibitory control,dogs in the high social group chose significantly more correctly than dogs in the low social group(P=0.034)and chose for significantly less time than dogs in the low social group(P=0.039).In the multistep problem solving task,for dogs in the high social group.successfully completed number of stakes was significantly higher than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.044).The percentage of operation pale time was significantly lower than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.05).The average latency time to solve the bone task was significantly higher than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.037).Moreover,the percentage of operation bone time was significantly lower than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.038).In tests involving a manipulable apparatus,dogs in the high social group spent more time looking at people than dogs in the low social group and less time manipulating the apparatus than dogs in the low subgroup,but no statistically significant differences were observed(P＞0.05).Conclusions Highly sociable labradors have a greater cognitive ability,they are more able to suppress impulses during tests,more able to complete the multistep problem solving task,and more inclined to change strategies to seek new cues from people rather than obsessing over manipulating the apparatus when they are unable to solve a problem.

Objective:To analyze the research status of scleral lenses by bibliometric method based on the relevant collection of scleral lenses in the Web of Science database.Methods:Using the scleral lens-related literature collected in the Web of Science Core Collection database in the past 10 years (January 2013 to December 2022) as the object of analysis, bibliometric method and CiteSpace tools were used to conduct visual analysis of the literature.A comprehensive analysis of the volume of literature published, the distribution of countries and institutions, the information of core authors, the distribution of journals, and keyword clustering was performed.Results:A total of 340 articles were retrieved, which were published in 54 journals, with an average of 6.3 articles per journal, involving 301 authors.Research in this area covered 35 countries or regions, and 256 research institutions were involved.Discipline development was mainly in the United States, India, Spain and Australia.The main focus was on scleral lens (scleral contact lens), ocular surface disease, corneal edema, miniature scleral lens, etc.In the past 10 years, the trend of research hot topics in scleral lenses had shifted from the initial study of combining scleral contact lenses with ocular surface diseases to the subsequent study of prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem, and the exploration of corneal clearance and shape.From 2013 to 2021, the main focuses were ocular surface diseases, scleral contact lenses, and corneal edema.After 2021, research on ocular surface diseases and keratoplasty declined.From January 2013 to December 2022, emergent keywords related to scleral lens mainly included scleral contact lens, transplantation, anti-host disease, prosthetic device in the first stage, artificial replacement of ocular surface ecosystem and irregular cornea in the second stage, and the research on corneal gap and characteristic shape in the third stage.Optical coherence tomography and corneal topography were commonly used examinations for scleral lens research and fitting.Conclusions:At present, the scleral lens is mainly used for dry eye, corneal diseases, corneal ectasia, keratitis, and corneal transplantation, especially after penetrating keratoplasty and refractive errors.Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem, and the exploration of corneal clearance and shape are the research hotspots in scleral lenses.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children.Methods:Clinical data of children with EoE who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 18 children with EoE were included in the study, including 13 males and 5 females, with the age of 11.96 (4.96, 12.81) years.Vomiting was more common in preschool children (4/5), while abdominal pain was the main symptom in school-age and adolescent children (11/13). There were 22.22% (4/18) of the children with EoE had an increased white blood cell count, and 33.33%(6/18) had an increased eosinophil count.Allergic history in the first-degree relatives was detected in 55.56%(10/18) of the children with EoE.Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level was elevated in 68.75% (11/16) of the children.Food-specific IgE was positive in 66.67% (12/18) of the children with EoE.Milk, eggs, and wheat were the most common allergens.Esophageal mucosal hyperemia and erythema, rough, erosion, linear ulcers, annular changes, furrow or wrinkled paper changes, granular changes, polypoid or relaxation of the cardia were seen under endoscopy, whereas 27.78% (5/18) of the children showed normal esophageal mucosa.The histopathology showed chronic inflammation of the esophagus and increased eosinophil count.Three patients were lost of follow-up, and the remaining 15 were followed up for 6-24 months.All children with EoE were treated with the elimination diet.Nine children treated with glucocorticoids experienced clinical remission in a short period of time, involving 1 case with recurrence after withdrawal and being effectively treated by hormone therapy, and 2 cases of repeated digestive system symptoms or increased eosinophil count after withdrawal and being effectively relieved by the elimination diet.Conclusions:EoE is more common in elderly children and boys.Vomiting is the main symptom in pre-school aged children, whereas abdominal pain is the main symptom in school-aged children and adolescents.Increased peripheral white blood cell count and eosinophil count can be detected in some cases, and most of them are positive for food allergen tests.Gastrointestinal endoscopy and histopathology are important in the diagnosis of EoE.Elimination diet may be effective in some patients.Glucocorticoids are of great significance in the treatment of EoE, but a few children are steroid-dependent.

Objective:To analyze the difference and reliability of blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), an indirect screening index for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), between preterm and full-term infants.Methods:In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 210 285 newborns who underwent CAH screening at the Neonatal Screening Center of Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected, including 14 312 premature infants and 195 973 full-term infants.The concentration of 17-OHP in dried blood spots on filter paper was determined by an automatic fluorescence analyzer.The distribution of 17-OHP levels in preterm and full-term infants and its statistical index were analyzed.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normal distribution.The skewed distribution data was converted into approximately normal distribution using Box-Cox.Outliers were eliminated by the interquartile range method.The cumulative frequency distribution map was drawn by R language programming.The 99.5 th percentile value was used as the screening threshold and compared with the reference value given by the manufacturer or laboratory and with the reference change value (RCV). Results:According to the threshold provided by the laboratory, 26.76‰ of premature infants were tested positive in preliminary screening, and 4 were confirmed with an incidence of 1∶3 578, while 0.79‰ of full-term infants were tested positive in preliminary screening, and 11 were confirmed with an incidence of 1∶17 816.The thresholds for CAH screening established indirectly were 20.35 nmol/L in preterm infants and 10.78 nmol/L in full-term infants.The relative deviations between the indirect CAH screening thresholds and the manufacturer′s or laboratory′s CAH screening thresholds were higher than the RCV, respectively.According to the indirect CAH screening thresholds, the negative and positive coincidence rates of 65 samples in 13 batches from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention interlaboratory quality assessment program in the United States reached 100%.A retrospective analysis of 210 285 neonates showed that 17-OHP concentration was higher than the screening threshold in all CAH-positive neonates.The application of this screening threshold reduced the false positive rate of preterm infants by 59.79%.Conclusions:It is feasible to establish the CAH screening thresholds for premature and full-term infants by an indirect method, which can improve the efficiency of screening and provide better diagnostic basis for clinical practice.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ruyi Zhenbaowan（RYZBW）in the treatment of initial and early knee osteoarthritis （KOA） through a prospective multicenter，randomized，double-blind，and placebo-parallel controlled trial. MethodFrom October 13^th， 2021 to December 25^th， 2021， 240 KOA subjects meeting the acceptance criteria were enrolled in 15 sub-centers including Wangjing Hospital， Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group， with 120 cases in each group. The intervention measures for the observation group were RYZBW + health education， and the intervention measures for the control group were RYZBW placebo + health education. The intervention period in both groups was four weeks， and they were followed up for four weeks after the intervention. The primary outcome measure was the total score of Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score （WOMAC score）， and the secondary outcome measures were the response rate of visual scale （VAS） pain score， WOMAC sub item scores （joint pain， joint stiffness， and joint function）， quality of life （SF-12） score， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score. Result（1） Efficacy evaluation. The marginal model results showed that the observation group was better than the control group in improving the WOMAC total score and WOMAC pain score in the treatment of KOA with RYZBW， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in improving VAS score response rate， WOMAC function score， WOMAC stiffness score， SF12-PCS （quality of life-physical health） score， SF12-MCS （quality of life-mental health） score， and TCM syndrome score. （2） Subgroup analysis. ① In terms of VAS score response rate， the response rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group for subjects with baseline VAS score of （4， 5］， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ② In terms of TCM syndrome score， for subjects aged ［56， 60］ and ［61， 65］， the decrease in total TCM syndrome score in the observation group was better than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ConclusionTibetan medicine RYZBW has good clinical efficacy in improving WOMAC total score， VAS score response rate， WOMAC pain score， WOMAC function score， and TCM syndrome score for patients with initial and early KOA， which can fill the lack of Tibetan medicine RYZBW in the treatment of KOA and make a demonstration study for the inheritance and development of ethnic medicine.

Extracting extracts of secondary metabolites from the karst cave fungus Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 from the Yilingyan Scenic Area in Guangxi. Ten compounds were isolated and purified from fungal secondary metabolites using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. 7-Hydroxy-3-hydroxypropyl-5,6-dimethylisochrome-1-one (1) and 7-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-isochromen-1-one (2) were new isocoumarin compounds, N-acetyl phenylalanine (3), chaetosumin J (4), 2-one-13-hydroxy-3,5,8,7(11)-eudesmatetraen-12,8-olide (5), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (6), irpexolaceus B (7), irlactin L (8), cytochalasin K (9), and helvolic acid (10), a total of 8 known compounds. The structure of the compound was determined using methods such as NMR and mass spectrometry. The tumor cytotoxicity of the compound was evaluated using the CCK-8 method. The results showed that the IC₅₀ of compound 2 on HepG2 cells was 29.83 µmol·L^-1, and compound 9 on HCT116 cells was 27.44 µmol·L^-1.

Sepsis-induced coagulopathy(SIC),a critical and potentially lethal condition arising from sepsis,results in endothelial damage and significant coagulation dysregulation,making it a major factor contributing to mortality among sepsis patients.Early diagnosis and treatment of SIC are expected to improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.In 2019,the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis(ISTH)issued the first guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SIC,but there are no corresponding protocols in China.Therefore,Chinese Society of Thrombosis,Hemostasis and Critical Care,Chinese Medicine Education Association,and Chinese People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine jointly formulated the"Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis-induced Coagulopathy(2024 edition)."This consensus includes 5 parts:pathogenesis,classification,laboratory approaches,diagnosis and treatment,with a total of 14 evidence-based recommendations to guide clinical practice.

Nuclear emergency medical rescue is one of the important courses of military medical professional education, and improving the training level of nuclear emergency medical rescue plays a very important role in improving post competency of trainees. Based on the problem of disconnection between "teaching" and "need" in the occupational education of nuclear emergency medical rescue in the past, this study proposes the curriculum goal of "the combination of three abilities" and performs the optimization and practice of the occupational education curriculum system of nuclear emergency medical rescue from the aspects of curriculum setting, curriculum content, teaching methods, and assessment and evaluation. The results show that the new curriculum system can significantly improve the comprehensive ability of nuclear emergency medical rescue among trainees and better meet the requirements for their posts, thereby playing an important role in cultivating high-quality military medical talents in nuclear emergency medical rescue.

Objective:To analyze the level and influencing factors of nurses′ proactive career behavior, problem-solving coping strategies and organizational identification, and to explore the relationship among them.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 536 nurses from Cangzhou Central Hospital, Luanzhou People′s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, People′s Hospital of Qiu County, Hebei Province in November 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated by general data questionnaire, Proactive Career Behavior Scale, Career Coping Strategies Scale and Organizational Identification Scale. The mediation effect was analyzed by AMOS 24.0 structural equation model.Results:Finally, 495 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 432 females and 63 males, 170 cases aged<31 years old, 256 cases aged 31-40 years old, and 69 cases aged>40 years old. The score of nurses′ proactive career behavior was (51.28 ± 9.86) points, problem-solving coping strategies was (16.25 ± 2.81) points, and organizational identification was (19.00 ± 4.84) points. The results of single factor analysis showed that nurses′ proactive career behavior was affected by age, title, department and salary satisfaction( F values were 2.20-24.44, all P<0.05), problem-solving coping strategies was affected by title, department and salary satisfaction ( F=5.72, 2.75, 21.30, all P<0.01), organizational identification was affected by salary satisfaction ( F=23.22, P<0.01). Problem-solving coping strategies, organizational identification were positively associated with proactive career behavior( r=0.786, 0.722, both P<0.01). Problem-solving coping strategies had a partial mediating effect between organizational identification and proactive career behavior( β=0.432, P<0.01), and the mediating effect accounted for 64.48% of the total effect. Conclusions:There is still room for improvement of nurses′ proactive career behavior, problem-solving strategies, and organizational identification. Nursing managers should pay attention to nurses′ job advantage of different age, title and department, and improve salary satisfaction to stimulate their work potential, and improve their organizational identification, guide them to adopt problem-solving strategies in coping with occupational stress, so as to promote the development of proactive career behavior.