AIM:To investigate the validity of Rorschach inkblot method (RIM) in personality research by calculating the correlation of RIM with 16 personality factor questionnaire (16 PF).METHODS: Totally 70 undergraduates participated in the examination with RIM and 16 PF, then the correlations of all the variables of two measuring techniques were calculated. Standard score of comprehensive system was used in RIM.RESULTS: Some important Rorschach variables were correlated significantly with 16PF factors, and the correlations are consistent with their meaning. Some variables correlated with 16PF factors but were irrelevant in meaning.CONCLUSION: The results support the validity of RIM in personality study, and they also demonstrate that comprehensive system cannot well annotate RIM, but the meaning of some variables should be further researched.

BACKGROUND: Item response theory (IRT) is widely used in the westem world, but its use for non-cognitive measurement has been very limited in China. It is necessary to explore whether IRT is applicable in non-cognitive settings and find the optimal model.OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal IRT model for self-report questionnaire analysis with the instance of emotional competence scale (ECS) and compare the effectiveness of different models in light of model data fitting and the volume of information provision.DESIGN: A comparative study of different psychometric models tested with the same data set.SETTING: Shandong Laiwu Vocational and Technical College; Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 617 college students of Shandong Normal University (311 males and 306 females)and 564 senior high school students of the 17 Laiwu High School (283 males and 281females) participated in the study during May 2004.METHODS: Emotional competence scale (ECS) was adopted for psychometric measurement for 5-point Likert-type items. The scale was divided into 9 subscales, namely impulse control, empathy, persistency, interpersonal intimacy, social skills, emotional regulation, emotional stability, sense of responsibility, and self-confidence. One-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter logistic model and grade response model were used for analysis of the 9 subscales, followed by goodness of fit test (analogous to Chi-square test) and comparison of the measurement precision (reliability)of the three models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Log-likelihood ratio, average χ2 statistics and average volume of information when one-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter Logistic model.RESULTS: Totally 1 220 questionnaires were handed out and 1 181 with valid answers were obtained. Comparison of the 3 logistic model showed that the two-parameter logistic model had the least log-likelihood with the least items whose mean square residual error were greater than 2, and the volume of test information was greater than that provided by one-parameter model and no less than the three-parameter model. Therefore, the two-parameter logistic model was the best for 2-point scoring model. But the measurement precision of two-parameter Logistic model was lower than that of multi-grade response model.CONCLUSION: When 2-point items are adopted in self-report questionnaire, 2-parameter logistic model can be applied but not 1- or 3-parameter Logistic models. But when the questionnaire uses items that have more than 2 response grades, the measurement precision can be better than that of 2-point data. Merge of the options for the items may result in lowered measurement precision.

Astrocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of tannins from pomegranate rind on passive Heymann nephritis ( PHN) in rats. Methods:Rabbits were with intradermal immunization for many times to obtain anti-Fx1A serum, and then PHN model in rats was established by tail intravenous injection of anti-Fx1A serum. The experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups, the nor-mal control group, model group, benazepril group, and tannins from pomegranate rind group respectively at high, medium and low dose. After the success of modeling, each rat was received intragastric administration for five weeks, and then the total of urine was collected once a week for the detection of 24-hour urine protein. At the end of treatment, serum was collected for the detection of serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride. The pathological changes of the renal tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining to observe the effect of tannins from pomegranate rind on PHN rats. Results:After the in-tragastric administration for five weeks, tannins from pomegranate rind could obviously reduce the level of 24-hour urine protein in PHN rats(P<0. 01), significantly reduce the levels of serum creatinine (P<0. 01), urea nitrogen (P<0. 01,P<0. 01,P<0. 05), total cholesterol (P<0. 01) and triglyceride (P<0. 01,P<0. 01,P<0. 05) in PHN rats, and increase the level of serum albumin (P<0. 01,P<0. 05,P>0. 05). HE and Masson staining results indicated that tannins from pomegranate rind could improve the pathologi-cal damage in PHN rats. Conclusion:Tannins from pomegranate rind has notable improvement for PHN in rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide pretreatment on the delayed neuronal death(DND) and the expreesion of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) in rat hippocampus after ischemia/ reperfusion.

METHODSAll rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 36), total cerebral ischemia (TCI) group (n = 36), butylphthalide (NBP) group (n = 6), NBP + TCI group( n = 36), quercetin + NBP + TCI group (n = 6), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + NBP + TCI group (n = 6). The model of total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was established by blocking vertebral arteries and carotid arteries. In sham group, TCI group and NBP group, the animals were further divided into instantly, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d groups according to the time interval after sham operation or TCI. Histological changes of the hippocampus were evaluated using thionin staining under light microscope by determining the delayed neuronal death (DND) and the expression of HSP70 was assayed using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSNBP pretreatment could reduce delayed neuronal death in CA1 of hippocampus induced by TCI-reperfusion injury in rats, and up-regulated the expression of HSP70 in CA1 hippocampus of brain ischemic/reperfusion for 5 days. Quercetin blocked the acquirement of the brain ischemic tolerance induced by NBP preconditioning.

CONCLUSION3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) prevents the neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulating the expression of HSP70.

Animals ; Benzofurans ; pharmacology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; pathology ; Cell Death ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Neurons ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for the treatment of non-acute (history ＞ 14 days) deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity.Methods Clinical data of 63 patients of non-acute DVT of lower extremities treated by CDT and adjunctive angioplasty and stenting from July 2009 to August 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Venous recanalization was graded by a thrombus score based on pre-and post-treatment venography.Follow-up was performed by Doppler ultrasound and clinical evaluation.Results A total of 63 limbs with DVT with a mean symptom duration of (22 ± 5) days were treated by a continuous combined with pulse-spray infusion of urokinase of (1.21 ± 0.69) million IU/d for (74 ± 21) hours.Significant recanalization was achieved in 77％ (48 of 63) of the treated limbs.After thrombolysis,percutaneous angioplasty was done for 15 residual lesions and stent placement was performed in 11 iliac veins and 1 femoral vein.Minor bleeding occurred in 6 (10％) patients,no patients suffered from major bleeding or symptomatic pulmonary embolism.During follow up (mean:15 ±6 months),the veins were patent in 45 (71％) limbs.15 (24％) limbs developed mild post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS),and none had severe PTS.Conclusions CDT combined with adjunctive angioplasty and stenting is safe and effective for removal of the clot burden and for restoration of the venous flow in patients with non-acute lower extremity DVT.

Objective This study aimed to study the effect of intra-brachial nitroglycerin administration via the angiography catheter on radial artery spasm in transradial percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods From patients undergoing transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TRI) and succeeding in coronary angiography (CAG), 810 patients who needed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (including Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and/or stent implantation) were erolled, including 413 patients in the study group and 397 patients in the control group. When coronary angiography completed, positioned the angiography catheter over brachial artery and patients in the group received an administration of 400μg nitroglycerin via the angiography catheter. The control group received an administration of 400μg nitroglycerin via the sheath. The incidence of RAS were recored and compared. Resultes Baseline characteristics were similar between two groups. In the study group, the incidence of RAS was signiifcatively lower (18 vs. 33, P=0.021). Conclusions Intra-brachial nitroglycerin administration via the angiography catheter can prevent RAS during the insertion of guiding catheter in TRI.

ObjectiveTo describe the status of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and explore the related factors.MethodsThis was a multi-plot cross-sectional survey.136 cases in Hunan province were investigated by questionnaires.The questionnaires included General Information Questionnaire,Depression Self-Rating of Children( DSRS),Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents.ResultsThe DSRS score of all subjects was (9.51 ± 5.19),24 cases suffered from depressive symptom (17.6％).The multi-factor non-condition logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR =2.831 ),current education status (OR =9.822 ),parents' current marital status (OR =0.061 ),yearly household income (OR =0.415 ),hospitalization in the past 6 months (OR =8.797 ),peer relationship (OR =0.133 ),parent-child relationship(OR =0.182 ),FBS(OR =0.061 ) and sample source(OR =8.366 ) were factors which independently predicted depressive symptom in children and adolescents with T1DM.ConclusionThe influential factors of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with T1DM include age,current education status,parents' current marital status,yearly household income,hospitalization in the past 6 months,peer relationship and parent-child relationship,FBS and sample source.

Strong inhibition of Bacillus subtilis strain NJ-18 on mycelia growth of Alternaria solani was observed in the antagonistic tests by cylinder plate methods, and the inhibition width was 21.5 mm. Observation under microscope found that the supernatant of fermentation from NJ-18 could make the pathogen hyphae cells malformed and swelled, and consequently the growth of the pathogen was inhibited. Determining of the colonization in potato plants by the signed rifampicin-resistance in NJ-18 showed that it could colonize well in the plants, the colonization quantity of NJ-18 in the root and stem of the potato detected 30 days after fermentation irrigation was 103 CFU/g plant’s fresh weight. In pot experiment, we inoculated the tomato plants with the spore suspensions of Alternaria solani after spraying the fermentation of NJ-18, the results were investigated in 14 days and the efficacy in controlling the disease was 72.9%, which was significantly higher than 45.7%, the efficacy resulted from spray treatment of 2000 fold dilution of 50% iprodione wetable powder.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of shenduqing Granules on chronic renal insufficiency in rats. Methods: The rat model of chronic renal insufficiency was made by feeding 0.75% adenine forage. The blood biochemical indexes, ion concentration in serum of rat was measured and the pathological changes of rat kidney were observed. Results: Shenduqing Granules obviously increased thymus index (TI). The weight of rat kidney in the treatment group was lighter than that of the model group. The kidney histomorphological study showed that Shenduqing Granules obvionsly reduce the pathological changes. The drug crystals were also reduced. Conclusion: Shenduqing Granules has the potential protection against chronic renal insufficiency in rats.