Autoradiographic study was performed in order to know the distribution of exogenous C(14)-glucose by lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, incubated in Tyrode medium containing 10 uCi/ml of labeled substance. After 1 hour incubation at 37C, microautoradiographs of this fluke showed that black grains derived from radioactive carbon were accumulated mainly in the parenchyme and subcuticular musculature. The muscular tissues such as oral sucker, pharynx and ventral sucker revaled considerable density of fine grains. Slight radioactivity was also observed in the regions of ovary, testes, vitelline follicles, eggs in uterus, intestinal ceca, and even in excretory bladder. Structures showing the least activity included the cuticle and uterine tubules of this fluke.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda- Paragonimus wertermani ; autoradiography ; biochemistry-glucose ; Tyrode ; glucose

The amount of labelled glucose incorporated into glycogen is 6 times as much as that of labelled mannose by the female worms. They excreted lactate of labelled glucose-origin 3-4 times as much as that of labelled mannose-origin. The amount of labelled glucose incorprated in worm bodies is about 3 times as much as that of labelled mannose. Male worms absorbed a half amount of glucose by female worms. Paralelled with radioactivity studies mentioned above, chemical determinations of sugars, lactate, and glycogen were performed on the media prior and posterior to incubation and the worms. The results obtained from chemical determinations fairly agreed with those on lactate production and sugar consumption from radioactivity studies, but not on glycogen content of worms after incubation. Chemical determination shows no glycogen synthesis in worms incubated in mannose media while the radioactivity of labelled mannose was detected, though it is very low in activity, from glycogen of worms in the media. Coupled with previously reported findings, results from the present study show mannose to be far less significant in the carbohydrate metabolism of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as compared with glucose.
parasitology-helminth-nematode ; lactate ; glucose ; mannose ; glycogen ; biochemistry ; Angiostrongylus cantonensis

The glucose uptake rate by Eurytrema pancreaticum was a mean value of 16.44 +/- 2.42 micro-mole/hr/g, and total CO(2) production rate by the fluke averaged 5.82 +/- 0.97 micro-mole/hr/g. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) showed a mean value of 5.75 +/- 0.84 per cent. The rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-glucose was a mean of 0.33 +/- 0.10 micor-mole/hr/g. Therefore, the average value of 0.32 +/- 0.04 per cent of glucose utilized by the flukes from the medium C(14)-glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of glycogen in E. pancreaticum was a mean of 45.50 +/- 2.18 mg/g or 4.55 +/- 0.22 %/g. But the turnover rate of glycogen pool was a mean of 0.027 +/- 0.003 %/hr or 0.009 +/- 0.002 mg/hr/g. The average value of 0.64 +/- 0.23 percent of glucose utilized by the flukes from the medium C(14)-glucose was incorporated into the glycogen. These data account for that only 1 per cent of the utilized glucose by the flukes participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen.
parasitology-helminht-trematoda- Eurytrema pancreaticum ; glucose-biochemistry ; autoradiograhy ; glucose ; glycogen ; CO(2)

BACKGROUND: Clinical experience with the continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) is limited in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the CGMS and the correlation between interstitial fluid and venous plasma glucose level in Korean healthy male subjects. METHODS: Thirty-two subjects were served with glucose solution contained same amount of test food's carbohydrate and test foods after separate overnight fasts. CGMS was performed over 3 days during hopitalization for each subjects. Venous plasma glucose measurements were carried out during 4 hours (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 hours) just before and after glucose solution and test food load. The performance of the CGMS was evaluated by comparing its readings to those obtained at the same time by the hexokinase method using the auto biochemistry machine (Hitachi 7600-110). Also, correlations between glucose recorded with CGMS and venous plasma glucose value were examined. RESULTS: CGMS slightly underestimated the glucose value as compared with the venous plasma glucose level (16.3 +/- 22.2 mg/dL). Correlation between CGMS and venous plasma glucose values throughout sensor lifetime is 0.73 (regression analysis: slope = 1.08, intercept = 8.38 mg/dL). Sensor sensitivity can deteriorate over time, with correlations between venous blood glucose and CGMS values dropping from 0.77 during 1st day to 0.65 during 2nd and 3rd day. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of data provided by CGMS may be less than expected. CGMS sensor sensitivity is decreased with the passage of time. But, from this study, CGMS can be used for glucose variability tendency monitoring conveniently to the Korean.
Biochemistry ; Blood Glucose ; Extracellular Fluid ; Glucose ; Hexokinase ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Plasma ; Reading

The adult worms of cestodes, Moniezia expansa and Diphyllobothrium mansoni employed in this experiment. The worms were divided into three portions, i.e. immature , mature and gravid proglottids, and each proglottids were incubated in a certain incubation period, and the glucose uptake rate, total CO2 production rate, tissue concentration and their radioactivities were employed as previous reports(Rim et al., 1965). The glucose uptake rate by M. expansa was a mean value of 6.46+/-1.23 micromole per hour per gram of wet wt. and the rate by D. mansoni was a mean value of 18.8+/-0.8 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. The higher rates were observed in the mature proglottid of M. expansa and in the immature proglottid of D. mansoni . The total CO(2) production rates by the worms averaged 14.0+/-2.37 micro-mole per hour per gram in M. expansa and 17.51+/-1.54 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2)(R.S.A CO(2)) averaged 22.2+/-5.15 percent in M. expansa and 54.2+/-2.2 per cent in D. mansoni. In the both worms, the higher values were obtained in the mature proglottids. Therefore, the average value of 8.84+/-2.66 per cent of glucose utilized by M. expansa and 8.23+/-0.50 percent of glucose utilized by D. mansoni from the medium glucose was oxidized into respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentrations of glycogen were a mean of 2.21+/-0.46 percent per gram of wet wt. in M. expansa and 7.56+/-1.24 percent per gram of wet wt. in D. mansoni. The higher concentration of glycogen was observed in the gravid proglottids of M. expansa, however the gravid proglottids of D. mansoni showed lower concentration of glycogen than the other proglottids. The turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.04+/-0.01 miligram per hour per gram of wet wt. of M. expansa, whereas a mean of 1.66+/- 0.46 miligram per hour per gram wet wt. of D. mansoni. Therefore, a mean value of 2.58+/-0.93 per cent(R.G.D gly) of glucose utilized by M. expansa and 53.6+/-1.4 percent by D. mansoni was incorproated into the glycogen . These data account for that at least 11.42 per cent of the utilized glucose by M. expansa and 61.83 per cent of the utilized glucose by D. mansoni participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen.
parasitology ; helminth ; Moniezia expansa ; Diphyllobothrium mansoni ; metabolism ; glucose ; glycogen ; CO(2) ; biochemistry

The fowl nematode Ascaridia galli employed in this experiment was obtained from the intestine of domestic fowls at the local market. The worms selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about thirty of intact worms were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation mixture consisting of 10 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to which were added universally labeled C14-glucose and non-radioactive carrier glucose so as to contain concentration of 200 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubation for 3 hours in Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central well of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). Glycogen samples isolated from worms were analysed for uptake rate was determined by analyzing the difference of the glucose concentration in a medium before and after incubation period . Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-glucose utilized by Ascaridia galli was summarized as the following . The glucose uptake rate by A. galli was a mean value of 1.73+/-0.32 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. and total CO(2) production rate by the worms averaged 8.44+/-1.11 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) (R.S.A CO(2)) averaged 2.68+/-0.38 per cent . Thus , a man of 2.68 per cent of total CO(2) production rate was originated from the glucose in the medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium glucose was a mean of 0.23+/-0.03 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. Thus, the average value of 2.58+/-0.55 percent (R.G.D CO(2))of glucose utilized by the worms from the medium glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO2. The tissue concentration of glycogen in A. galli was a mean of 22.59+/-1.18 miligram per gram of wet wt or 2.26+/-0.123 percent per gram, and the turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.17+/-0.04 percent per hour or 0.037+/-0.006 miligram per hour per gram of wet wt. Therefore, a mean value of 16.37+/-4.04 per cent (R.G.D gly) of glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that at least 18.95 per cent of the utilized glucose by the worms participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen. According to the above data of the experiment, it is suggested in the metabolic process of glucose by Ascaridia galli that the synthetic process into the glycogen is more active than the oxidative process into the respiratory CO(2).
parasitology ; helmith ; nematoda ; Ascaridia galli ; metabolism ; biochemistry ; glucose ; CO(2) ; radioactivity ; glycogen ; Krebs Rigner phosphate buffer

The glucose uptake rate by Fasciola hepatica was a mean value of 9.62 +/- 0.54 micro-mole/hr/g, and total CO(2) production rate by the flukes averaged 24.28 +/- 4.26 micro-mole/hr/g wet wt. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) showed a mean value of 79.89 +/- 1.78 per cent. The rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-glucose was a mean of 19.55 +/- 3.56 micro-mole/hr/g of we wt. Therefore, the average value of 32.72 +/- 4.8 percent of glucose utilized by the flukes from the medium C(14)-glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of glycogen in F. hepatica was a mean of 38.36 +/- 2.91 mg/g or 3.84 +/- 0.29 %/g of wet wt, and the turnover rate of glycogen pool was a mean of 1.6+/-0.22 %/hr or 0.65 +/- 0.13 mg/hr/g. The average value of 37.26 +/- 3.86 per cent of glucose utilized by the fluke from the medium C(4)-glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that approximately 70 per cent of the utilized glucose by the flukes participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-Fasciola hepatica ; glucose ; biochemistry ; autoradiograhy ; glycogen ; CO(2)

BACKGROUND: It is said that tuberculous pleuritis responds well to anti-tuberculous drug in general, so no further aggressive therapeutic management is unnecesarry except in case of diagnostic thoracentesis. But in clinical practice, we often see some patients who need later decortication due to dyspnea caused by pleural loculation or thickening despite several months of anti-tuberculous drug therapy. Therefore, we want to know the clinical difference between a group who received decortication due to complication of tuberculous pleuritis despite of anti-tuberculous drug and a group who improved after 9 months of anti-tuberculous drug only. METHODS: We reviewed 20 tuberculous pleuritis patients(group 1) who underwent decortication due to dyspnea caused by pleural loculation or severe pleural thickening despite of anti-tuberculous drug therapy for 9 or more months, and 20 other tuberculous pleuritis patients(group 2) who improved by anti-tuberculous drug only and had similar degrees of initial pleural effusion and similar age,sex distribution. Then we compared between the two groups the duration of symptoms before anti-tuberculous drug treatment and pleural fluid biochemistry like glucose, LDH, protein and pleural fluid cell count and WBC differential count, and we also wanted to know whether there was any difference in preoperative PFT value and postoperative PFT value in the patients who underwent decortication, and obtained following results. RESULTS: 1) Group 1 patients had lower glucose level{63.3+/-30.8(mg/dl)} than that of the group 2{98.5+/-34.2(mg/dl), p<0.05}, and higher LDH level{776.3+/-266.0(IU/L)} than the group 2 patients{376.3 +/-123.1(IU/L), p<0.05), and also longer duration of symptom before treatment{2.0+/-1.7(month)} than the group 2{ 1.1 +/-1.2(month), p<0.05)}, respectively. 2) In group 1, FVC changed from preoperative 2.55+/-0.80(L) to postoperative 2.99+/-0.78(L)(p<0.05), and FEV1 changed from preoperative 2.19 +/- 0.70(L/sec) to postoperative 2.50+/-0.69(L/sec) (p<0.05). 3) There was no difference in pleural fluid protein level(5.05+/-1.01(gm/dL) and 5.15+/-0.77 (gm/dl), p>0.05) and WBC differential count between group 1 and group 2. CONCLUSION: It is probable that in tuberculous pleuritis there is a risk of complication in the case of showing relatively low pleural fluid glucose or high LDH level, or in the case of having long duraton of symptom before treatment. We thought prospective study should be performed to confirm this.
Biochemistry ; Cell Count ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Glucose ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pleurisy ; Prospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pleural*

The effect of topically instilled autolohous serum on the healing of endothelium and change of aqueous chemical properties following alkali wounds were evaluated. New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.5KG, total 64(64 eyes), were used in this experiment. Standardized corneal alkali wounds were produced by applying a round filter paper of 5.5mm if diameter, soaked in 1N NaOH, to the central cornea for 60 seconds. Autologous serum in the treated group and balanced salt solution (BSS) in the control group were given 4 times per dat for 3 weeks. Endothelial defect areas and the concentrations of ascorbic acid, glucose and minerals in the aqueous humor were measured. Endothelial defect area was not significantly different between autologous serum-treated and control groups. The concentrations of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor were aignificantly increased in the autologous serum-treated groups compared to the control groups. However, the concentrations of glucose, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ in the aqueous humor were not statistically different between two groups.
Alkalies* ; Aqueous Humor ; Ascorbic Acid ; Biochemistry* ; Cornea ; Endothelium ; Glucose ; Minerals ; Rabbits ; Wounds and Injuries*

The trematode Paramphistomum cervi empolyed in this experiment was obtained from the reticulum of cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms were selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact worms were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation mixture consisting of 50 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosohate buffer (pH 7.4) to which were added universally labeled C(14)-glucose and non-radioactive carrier glucose concentration of 200 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 3 hours in the incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central wall of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). Glycogen samples isolated from worms were analysed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. The glucose uptake rate was determined by analysing the difference of the glucose concentration in a medium before and after incubation period. Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-glucose utilized by Paramphistomum cervi was summerized as the following. The glucose uptake rate by Paramphistomum was a mean value of 2.32+/-0.27 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. and total CO(2) production rate by the worms averaged 10.85+/-0.41 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2) averaged 49.72+/-13.20 per cent. Thus, a mean of 49.72 per cent of total CO(2) production rate was originated from the glucose in the medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium glucose was mean of 5.24+/-2.16 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. Thus, the average value of 37.46+/-5.28 per cent of glucose utilized by the worms from the medium glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of Paraphismum was a mean of 41.56+/-5.82 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt or 4.16+/-0.72 per cent/g , and the turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.12+/-0.014 percent/hr or 0.06+/-0.04 mg/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, a mean value of 16.75+/-4.84 per cent of glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that at least 54.21 per cent of the utilized glucose by the worms participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen. According to the above data of the experiment, it is suggested in the metabolic process of glucose by the Paramphistomum that the synthetic process into the glycogen is less active than the oxidative process into the resppiratory CO(2).
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paramphistomum cervi ; autoradiography ; biochemistry ; glucose ; metabolism ; CO(2) ; glycogen