Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology

Objective To investigate the amino acid patterns in penicillin-binding protein 2(PBP2)in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxonc.and the relationship between the amino acid patterns and reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility.Methods DNA was extracted from 13 clinical isolates of N.gonorrhoeae.including 11 strains with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and 2 sensitive isolates.The full-length penA gene encoding the penicillin-binding protein 2 was amplified and sequenced.BLASTn and BLASTx programs were used to assess the insertion and substitution patterns of nucleotides in penA gene and of amino acids in PBP2,respectively.Results BLASTn analysis revealed insertion or substitution of 18-38 nucleotides in the penA gene of gonococcal isolates with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility.As shown by BLASTX analysis.there were five patterns of amino acid substitution or insertion in PBP2 of the 11 isolates with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility.However.mosaic structure of PBP2 was not found in any of these isolates.Conclusion Mosaic PBP2 seems not to be the major factor contributing to the decrease in susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone.

Objective To study the clinical significance of fecal smear examination on diagnosing intestinal flora imbalance in infantile diarrhea.Methods A sterile cotton swab was used to spread a layer of fresh feces quantum satis from a sterile container on a clean slide;the smear was fixed and stained with Gram′s methods after it was air-dried,then the specimen was observed with a microscopy(field lens 100 ? eye lens 10) and recorded.Results In the acute diarrhea group(40 cases),the distribution feature of 3 floras on the fecal smears:≥50% Gram-negative bacilli in 6 cases(15%),≥50% Gram-positive cocci in 30 cases(75%) and ≥68% Gram-positive bacilli in 4 cases(10%).In the delayed and chronic diarrhea group(62 cases),the distribution feature of 3 floras on the fecal smears:≥50% Gram-negative bacilli in 7 cases(11.29%),≥50% Gram-positive cocci in 44 cases(70.97%) and ≥68% Gram-positive bacilli in 6 cases(9.68%).In the normal control group(32 cases),the distribution feature of 3 floras on the fecal smears:≥50% Gram-negative bacilli in 1 case(3.13%),≥50% Gram-positive cocci in 1 case(3.13%),and ≥68% Gram-positive bacilli in 17 cases(53.13%).For the distribution of 3 floras in the 3 groups,chi-squared test was performed,and the results showed that the difference was significant in Gram-positive cocci(?~2=47.76 P0.05).Conclusions Acute,delayed or chronic diarrhea can lead to flora imbalance.In order to timely and rapidly know the flora imbalance in children with diarrhea,clinically the simple,easily operated and practical smear staining method shall be widely applied.

BACKGROUNDDual sensor (DS) for rate adaption was supposed to be more physiological. To evaluate its superiority, the DS (accelerometer [ACC] and minute ventilation [MV]) and normal sinus rate response were compared in a self-controlled way during exercise treadmill testing.

METHODSThis self-controlled study was performed in atrioventricular block patients with normal sinus function who met the indications of pacemaker implant. Twenty-one patients came to the 1-month follow-up visit. Patients performed a treadmill test 1-month post implant while programmed in DDDR and sensor passive mode. For these patients, sensor response factors were left at default settings (ACC = 8, MV = 3) and sensor indicated rates (SIRs) for DS, ACC and MV sensor were retrieved from the pacemaker memories, along with measured sinus node (SN) rates from the beginning to 1-minute after the end of the treadmill test, and compared among study groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance and profile analysis, as well as variance analysis of randomized block designs, were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSFifteen patients (15/21) were determined to be chronotropically competent. The mean differences between DS SIRs and intrinsic sinus rates during treadmill testing were smaller than those for ACC and MV sensor (mean difference between SIR and SN rate: ACC vs. SN, MV vs. SN, DS vs. SN, respectively, 34.84, 17.60, 16.15 beats/min), though no sensors could mimic sinus rates under the default settings for sensor response factor (ACC vs. SN P-adjusted < 0.001; MV vs. SN P-adjusted = 0.002; DS vs. SN P-adjusted = 0.005). However, both in the range of 1 st minute and first 3 minutes of exercise, only the DS SIR profile did not differ from sinus rates (P-adjusted = 0.09, 0.90, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe DS under default settings provides more physiological rate response during physical activity than the corresponding single sensors (ACC or MV sensor). Further study is needed to determine if individual optimization would further improve adaptive performance of the DS.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; methods ; Exercise ; physiology ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pacemaker, Artificial

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) on the apoptosis and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression of multidrug-resistant human leukemia cells.

METHODSHuman multidrug-resistant leukemia cell line K562/ADM overexpressing the MDR1 gene, was used as the target cells. The cell proliferating activity was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. Cytomorphology was investigated under light, confocal and electron microscopes. DNA fragmentation was examined using agarose gel electrophoresis, while p-gp expression, cell cycle status and sub-G1 cells were determined using flow cytometry.

RESULTSZero point five to 20 micromol/L As(2)O(3) inhibited the proliferation of K562/ADM cells, and K562/ADM cells were more sensitive to As(2)O(3) than the parental K562 cells. As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis of K562/ADM cells was determined by the observance of typical morphological changes and the appearance of DNA ladder and sub-G1 cell populations. As(2)O(3) significantly inhibited the P-gp expression of K562/ADM cells, and synergistically enhanced the sensitivity of the drug-resistant cells to adriamycin.

CONCLUSIONSAs(2)O(3) induces growth-inhibition and apoptosis, down-regulates P-gp expression and exerts a synergistic effect in combination with adriamycin in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Gene Expression ; Genes, MDR ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oxides ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the application of condensed Chinese version of the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) in assessment of quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease,and to provide a scientific basis in rehabilitation of the patients.Methods Four hundred and twenty seven eases of adult patients with Kashin-Back disease and 419 healthy individuals randomly selected in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas in 8 counties of Gansu province were surveyed with the SF-36.The reliability of the SF-36 was assessed by split-half reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient and the validity through principal component factor analysis and correlation analysis,etc.The dimension scores of different people were obtained by analysis of variance and univariate t-test.Results The split-half reliability of all the 8 dimensions was greater than 0.6 and the Cronbach's α coefficient was greater than 0.8; the pearson correlate coefficients of all the items to their dimensions were greater than 0.391.SF-36 contained 8 domains and 2 summary scales in the factor analysis.The score differences of quality of life in different ages of the patients,different stages of the disease were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The SF-36 is practical in studying the quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck Disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and side effects,with regard to glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension,glaucoma or cataract in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.Methods:Clinical data were collected and analyzed from 71 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome with glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension,glaucoma or cataract from Jun.2014 to Jun.2016.These children were hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital.Results:Totally 1 580 children with primary nephrotic syndrome were collected,glucocorticoid-induced complications in eyes were found in 71 cases,and the incidence was 4.5％.There were 66 cases with ocular hypertension,2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma,2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma combined with cataract,1 case with high intraocular pressure combined with cataract.There were 41 boys and 30 girls with eye-related side effects caused by glucocorticoid.The average age of onset of glucocorticoid-induced eye adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome in our research were 8 (2,16) years.The average duration or interval time from glucocorticoid medication use to eye adverse effects was 157 (6,420) days.No statistical significance was found in intraocular pressure between different genders,types of glucocorticoid,different route of glucocorticoid and whether methylprednisolone pulse treatment (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between age,body mass index,blood pressure,cumulative dosage,duration time of glucocorticoid,mean daily dosage and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension (P ＞ 0.05).The ocular hypertension was controlled after treatment.Conclusion:Children with nephrotic syndrome after treatment of glucocorticoid are susceptible to ocular complications,and the occurrence of ocular hypertension is closely related to glucocorticoid susceptibility of the nephrotic children.Regular eye monitor is indispensable for the children suffering from primary nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUNDTo serially observe the pathologic changes in livers of tree shrews and macaca assamensises infected with HHBV.

METHODS10 adult tree shrews and 28 macaca assamensises were inoculated with HBV rich human sera. The liver of the animals were regularly biopsied. The liver samples were examined histopathologically by HE staining. Some samples were stained for HBsAg by immunohistochemistry (IH), and HBV DNA by in situ hybridization (ISH).

RESULTSHBsAg in 80% of tree shrews infected with HHBV can be detected by IH, HBV DNA in 50% of those can be found by ISH.The positive rates of HBsAg in macaca assamensises' livers were 25% by IH, none HBV DNA was detected.

CONCLUSIONThe tree shrew model seems to be applicable for the research of human hepatitis B.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Macaca ; Male ; Tupaiidae

The clinical data of one child with metanephric stromal tumor (MST) and BRAF V600E gene mutation admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2022 was analyzed retrospectively.Literature was reviewed.The patient, a 2-year-old girl, was diagnosed with a tumor in the left abdomen.The maximum diameter of the tumor was 10.5 cm.A radical nephrectomy was performed on the left kidney, and postoperative pathology revealed MST.Microscopically, the tumor had no envelope and exhibited expansive growth.The tumor cells were fusiform or stellate, and nuclear division was visible in the cell-rich region.Dysplastic blood vessels were seen inside the tumor.The tumor cells around the blood vessels and invaginated renal tubules were arranged like onion skin.CD34 was detected positive by immunohistochemical staining, and BRAF V600E mutation was also detected positive by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction.A total of 21 relevant case reports were retrieved, including 16 in English and 5 in Chinese.Fifty-eight MST patients, including the one in this report were analyzed.These patients were aged 2 days to 15 years, with a median age of 2 years.Except for 2 patients with unknown sex, the ratio of male to female was about 1.4∶1.0.Most MST patients were asymptomatic, with an average tumor size of 5.3 cm.The tumor cell CD34 showed positive expression in different degrees.Eight patients received the BRAF V600E mutation detection, and the results were all positive.Fifty-eight patients underwent nephrectomy and were followed up for 0-156 months, of which 7 patients were assisted with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.During the follow-up, 1 patient died, and 1 patient had a relapse.MST is a rare benign renal stromal tumor. BRAF V600E mutations are detected in a variety of malignancies.This paper is the first to report MST with BRAF V600E mutation in China and points out the importance of molecular detection of BRAF mutation for accurate diagnosis of MST.

BACKGROUNDPneumonia is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, etiology, risk factors and prognosis of pneumonia in LT recipients.

METHODSThe LT cohort consisted of 28 recipients receiving LT in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from August 2005 to April 2011. Data collected included demographic data, underlying disorders, time and type of transplant, follow-up information, date of last follow-up, and patient status. A retrospective analysis was made of observational data that were prospectively collected.

RESULTSTwenty-two patients of 28 LT recipients had 47 episodes of pneumonia throughout the study period. Thirtyeight episodes of pneumonia in 19 recipients occurred post-LT with a median follow-up of 257.5 days (1-2104 days), the incidence of pneumonia was 192.4 episodes per 100 LT/year and its median time of onset was 100.5 days (0-946 days) post-transplantation. Bacteria, virus and fungi accounted for 62%, 16% and 15% of the microbial pathogens, respectively. The most frequent were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (15%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (10%). A total of 29% (11/38) of pneumonias occurred in the first month post-LT, and then the incidence decreased gradually. The incidence of CMV pneumonia was 25% (7/28) with a median time of 97 days (10-971 days). More than one bacterial infection and CMV infection were independent risk factors for aspergillus infection. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was 18% (5/28), and the history of TB was a risk factor for TB relapse. There were 58% (7/12) of recipients who died of infection, and 71% (5/7) of these died in the first year after LT.

CONCLUSIONSPneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in LT recipients. The most frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CMV, and Aspergillus fumigates. The incidence of CMV pneumonia decreases with a delayed median time of onset. More than one incidence of bacterial infection and CMV infection are independent risk factors for aspergillus infection. LT recipients are at high risk for TB, and the history of TB is a risk factor for TB relapse.

Aspergillus fumigatus ; pathogenicity ; Cytomegalovirus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; microbiology ; virology ; Prospective Studies ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; pathogenicity